cGo
;dfrf/x?
sf7df8f}+]÷
g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] xfn} ;DkGg /fli6o e]nfn] sf]dngfy a/fnsf]
cWoIftfdf @( ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf pkfWoIfdf lvdnfn
b]jfsf]6f, dxf;lrjdf s'nfgGb lu/L, ;lrj, g/]z e08f/L / sf]iffWoIfdf e'ldgGb
b]jsf]6f r'lgg' ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o e]nfn] /fli6«otf, hgtGq, >dhLljsf /
dfgjclwsf/;“u ;DalGwt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d;fdlos !) a'“b] k|:tfjx?
kfl/t u/]sf] / efjL sfo{of]hgfsf] ?kdf /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s, ;f+u7lgs / ;+3if{ ;DaGwL
of]hgfx? klg 7f]; u/]sf] s'/f ;+u7gsf cWoIf a/fnn] jQmJo dfkm{t hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
Ps csf{] 5'§} jQmJo
k|sflzt ug{' x'“b} cWoIf a/fnn] df3 !( ut]sf] 3f]/ k|ltufdL sbdsf] lj/f]w ub{}
To;sf lj?4 b]zdf rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ug{' ePsf] 5 .
;+v'jf;ef÷
1ftc1ft zxLbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck0f{ ug{sf nflu o; lhNnfsf ljleGg
7fp“x?df >4f~hnL ;ef ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o;qmddf lhNnfsf] d'9]zlgZr/] ahf/df
kmfu'g !) ut] cf“lve"O{+ uf=h=;=sf] xf·/fgL k|f=lj=sf] k|f·0fdf kmfu'g
$ ut] / cd?jf df=lj=sf] k|f·0fdf kmfu'g @ ut] o:tf sfo{qmdx? ePsf x'g\ .
>4f~hnL ;efdf cfkm\gf] egfO{ /fVb} sfo{qmddf cltlyx?n] /fhtGqsf]
lj?4df v'n]/ dGtJo /fv]sf lyP eg] pkl:yt hg;d'bfon] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf
st{nWjgLsf ;fy uuge]bL gf/f nufPsf lyP .
blnt tyf c=g]=h=;f=;+3sf] lhNnf e]nf ;DkGg
Onfd÷
lhNnfsf] bfgfjf/L uf=h=;=df ls/fdf]sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf tyf Onfd lhNnf hg;/sf/
k|d'v ;"o{ vDj"sf] k|d'v cfltYodf g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ Onfdsf ;fy}
clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3 Onfdsf] klg k|yd P]ltxfl;s lhNnf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf
5g\ . e]nfn] ;+of]hsdf b]j]Gb| lzjf / ;x;+of]hsdf s'df/L wdnf /xg] u/L @! ;b:oLo
g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ Onfd lhNnf ;Dd]ng tof/L ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L
sfG5f nfjtLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !# ;b:oLo clvn g]kfn hg;f“:slts ;+3 Onfd lhNnf ;Dd]ng
tof/Lsf] klg rog u/]sf] s'/f Onfdsf] kf6L{ lhNnf sfof{noaf6 s=ljzfnn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/df
hgfOPsf] 5 .
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq df]rf{ lgdf{0f
wgs'6f÷df3
!( ut] 1fg] zfxLsf] kmfl;jfbL sbdkl5 d'n'se/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ljljw
sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f ;Djfbbftf k|lj0f ljb|f]xLn] hgfP cg';f/ kmfu'g
& / * ut] wgs'6fsf] rf}lj;] If]qdf $ / % g+= Pl/ofsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf o:t}
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
kf6L{sf wgs'6f lhNnf OGrfh{
s=;'bz{gsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;~rflnt pQm sfo{qmddf Pdfn], g]kfnL sf+u|];, hgdf]rf{
nufotsf ;+;bjfbL kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?n] efu lnPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n]
;f]w]sf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm k|d'v cltly ;'bz{g cltlyx? lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;"o{sf
;fy} sDkgL sld;f/ s=lzv/n] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdaf6 ;xeflux?df nf]stflGqs
u0ftGqsf] lglDt zfxL kmfl;jfb lj?4 k|ltsf/ ug{ xf};nf ldn]sf]n] ;f] sf] lglDt @%
;b:oLo …rf}lj;] nf]stflGqs u0ftGq df]rf{’ gfds ;+u7gsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
$ / % sf ;+o'Qm Pl/of OGrfh{
s=sdnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rflnt pQm sfo{qmdsf] aLr aLrdf vf]s'l5Gtf· ;f“:s[lts ;d"xsf
snfsdL{x?n] k|:t't u/]sf ;f“:s[lts k|:t'tLn] sfo{qmdsf] /f}gstf a9fPsf] lyof]
. sfo{qmd cjlwe/ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] s8f ;'/Iff kx/f lbPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdn] cfufdL
lbgdf /fhtGqsf] k|ltsf/ ug{ s;/L cufl8 a9\g] eGg] ljifodf lbzflgb{]z ePsf] s'/f
;+;bjfbL bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ cfkm} atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
kf“ry/÷hgd'lQm
;]gf !*cf}+ a6flnog sdf08/ s=hf]lvdsf] k|d'v cfltYodf kf“ry/sf]
d]d]· uf=h=;= l:yt cfOtaf/] lg=df=lj=df ljzfn hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf zxLb ;Ktfx
dgfOPsf] s'/f !(cf}+ a6flnogsf] k|rf/ ljefuaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf zxLb kl/jf/sf
;b:ox?nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg ub}{ dGtJo /fVg] qmddf k|d'v cltly s=hf]lvdn]
zxLb kl/jf/x? ldn]/ v'gsf] abnf lnO 5f8\g] / ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ ;bfsf] lglDt a9fg]{
k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
k"jL{ t/fO{sf] ;+3if{
p7fpg] qmddf zxLb x'g' ePsf /fhg, a]naf/L rf}sL df]/·sf] /]8sf] qmddf ;xfbt
k|fKt ug]{ s=b}j, r}gk'/ cfqmd0fdf ;xfbt k|fKt ug]{ s=;fu/ nufot ljleGg 7fp“df
cfÇgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ubf{ub}{ ;xfbt k|fKt ug'{ x'g] s=P8D;\, s=k|lbk, s=k|sfz,
s=kf08k, s=hgd, s=eflj;, s=:kf, s=1fg' tfjf, s=Zofd vqL, s=lbns'df/ tfdf·
nufotsf xhf/f}+ dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] ;Ddfgdf !, @, # / $ g+= Pl/ofx?n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf
;f] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP .
s=cfsfzsf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rflnt
pQm sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=ldS;f], sfof{no OGrfh{ s=cUgL, !(cf}+ a6flnogsf
s=ljsf;, lhNnf ldlnlzof sDkgL sdf08/x? s=;'lzn / s=>4f nufotsf cltlyx?n] klg
;Djf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
wgs'6f÷lhNnfsf]
lhtk'/ uf=h=;=sf] lhtk'/ ahf/df kmfu'g !$ ut] ljzfn hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf zfxL
kmfl;jfbL ;Qfsf] lj?4df ;+o'Qm lj/f]w ;efx? ;DkGg ePsf] s'/f !*cf}+ a6flnog …aL’
sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf
jQmfx?fn] /fhtGqsf] lj?4 tyf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf cf–cfÇgf ljrf/ /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;dfkg ;+u;+u} pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfon] /fhtGq lj/f]wL
gf/f nufotsf lyP .
o;}u/L
a'wjf/]df klg o:t} lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;efdf hg;]gfsf sDkgL
sld;f/ s=z'qmsf ;fydf Pdfn]sf !! g++= Onfsf OGrfh{ lbks a'9fyf]sL, g]kfnL
sf+u|];sf g]tf d]3gfy clwsf/L, ;/:jtL df=lj= rfg'jfsf lgldQ k|=c= dx]z clwsf/Ln]
sfo{qmddf zfxL kmfl;jfbsf lj?4df cf–cfÇgf] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmds}
qmddf o'4df ;fd]n x'g rfxg] gjcfuGt's k"0f{sfnLg sd/]8x?nfO{ k|d'v cltlyåf/f
clj/n] :jfut u/]kl5 ;dfkg ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfon]
st{n WjgLsf ;fy nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf tyf zfxL kmfl;jfbL ;Qfsf] lj?4df
uuge]bL gf/f h'n'; u/]sf lyP . b'j} sfo{qmdnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sfo{qmd cjlwel/
s8f ;'/Iff lbPsf] lyof] .
k|jf;sf ljleGg 7fp“df zxLb ;Ktfx dgfOof]
ef/tsf
ljleGg :yfgx¿df ljs]lGb|t sfo{qmdcg';f/ :yfgLo txdf km/skm/s lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx¿
cfof]hgf u/L dgfOPsf ;dfrf/x¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
lbNnLaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ pQ/ kml/bfjfb / blIf0f kml/bfjfbsf] ;+o'Qm
cfof]hgfdf elnan k|ltof]lutf sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]/ zxLb ;Ktfx dgfOPsf] 5 .
o; lsl;dsf sfo{qmd gO{lbNnL, k"jL{ u'8ufj, gf]P8fdf klg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
To:t} ef/tsf] blIf0fL efu kf08]r]l/df >dlzj/sf] cfof]hgf u/L zxLb ;Ktfx
sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5 . pQm >dlzj/df %)–^) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
alb{ofsf ;+u7gstf{ 1fdk|;fb rfln;]sf kl/jf/sf] ljz]if pkl:ylt /x]sf] sfo{qmd lgs}
cf]hk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] .
k|fKt csf{] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ r]GgO{sf] 8L=Pd=P;=u|fp08df Jofks hg;d'bfosf]
pkl:yltdf ;DkGg zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd elnan k|ltof]lutf ;+rfng u/]/ z'? ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf !! j6f l6dsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;d/axfb'/
/ pb\3f6g gGb ltjf/Ln] ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+rfng z+hLj zdf{n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
tldngf8'–kf08]r/L /fHo;ldltn]n dlxnfx¿aLrdf ;6{km'6, aflns bf}8, ?dfn rf]/nufotsf
v]nx¿ v]nfP/ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .
o;}u/L k~hfa–hDd' /fHocGtu{t kmujf8fdf km/j/L @$ sf lbg zxLb ;Ktfx
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf sfn' l;+x sfsL{ / pb\3f]if0f
gf/fo0f zdf{n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdddf ljz]if cltly zxLb kl/jf/ ;kgf
/fgf -zxLb s= bk{0f hf] Knf6'g sdf08/ x'g'x'GYof] pxf“sf] zxfbt ;'/fOgfsf
sfjf{xLdf ePsf] lyof], pxf“sf] kl/jf/ x'g'x'G5_, zflGt kl/of/ x'g'x'GYof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly zxLb kl/jf/ ;kgf /fgfn] eGg'eof]– æzxLbn]
b]vfPsf] af6f] / pxf“x¿n] lnPsf] p2]Zok"lt{sf nflu xfdL cem} PsLs[t /
cl8s eP/ cufl8 a9\g' kb{5 .Æ
hfnGw/df klg km/j/L @$ tf/]vd} zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly zxLb kl/jf/ ;kgf /fgf x'g'xGYof] . zxLb kl/jf/nfO{
pkxf/ k|bfg k"jL{ / klZrdL hfnGw/sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg elnan k|ltof]lutfaf6 ePsf] lyof] .
xf]l;of/k'/df km/j/L @& df ldngsf] ;+rfng / gjn s]=;L=sf] cWoIftfdf
Jofks hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . zxLb kl/jf/
;kgf /fgf, ljqmd lji6 / /fdrGb| e';fnsf] ljz]if pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
cGtdf bfgl;+x k|hfkltåf/f zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . k~hfa /fHocGtu{t
cd[t;/df klg zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd @* km/j/Ldf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ pkxf/ k|bfg nf]sk|;fb / /fHo pkfWoIf a'l4 hL=;L=n] ug{'
ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L n'lwofgfdf cfd;efsf] ?kdf zxLb ;Ktfx ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ pkxf/ k'/g /fgfn] k|bfg ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd kmujf8f, sk'/ynf, xf]lzof/k'/, k7fgsf]6, hDd',
n'lwofgf, tnjf8fnufot cGo If]qdf klg ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf u/L ;dfkg
ePsf 5g\ .
To;}u/L dxf/fi6«–uf]jf /fHocGtu{t zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd leGg} sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf u/L ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . km/j/L @% df >4f~hnL ;efåf/f z'?jft /
km/j/L @^–@ dfr{;Dd ;fd"lxs >d / # dfr{df ;dfkg ;df/f]x ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
h;df zxLb lji0f' /fgf -pxf“n] lrqe~Hofª 36gfdf pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug{' ePsf]
lyof]_ sf cfdfa'afnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L ljleGg lhNnfcGtu{t
gfnf;f]k/f, sfl~hjnL, cw]/L, yfg], Go" d'DaO{, 8'DjLjnL, k'gf, gfl;s cflb
7fpdf eJo ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
To;}u/L snstfdf g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, pQ/ @$ k/ugf lhNnf sld6L /
xfjf8f lhNnf sld6Lsf] 5'§f5'§} cfof]hgfdf zxLb ;Ktfxsf] sfo{qmd cfd;efaf6 z'?
ul/Psf] 5 .
;+o'Qm /fHo;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmd gfxfg, ;f/gk'/,
cDafnfaf6 pkl:yt hg;xeflutfdf eJo / zfGbf/ ?kdf h'n';;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm sfo{qmddf zxLb kl/jf/ wgaxfb'/ ;fjbnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;}u/L df]xfnLdf zxLb ;Ktfx elnan sfo{qmd, r08Lu9df eJo ;f+:s[lts
sfo{qmd;lxtsf] cfd;ef cfof]hgf u/L dgfOPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L k~rs'nf, df]l/08f,
dl08uf]ljGbu9, kl6ofnf, /f]k8df klg ljs]lGb|t cfd;efsf] ?kdf ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L
ef/tsf ljleGg zx/df (% cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; eJo / zfgbf/ ?kdf ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . * dfr{df ef/tsf ljlEfGg zx/ / lhNnfx?df ljleGg sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t
;f] lbj; dgfOPsf] lyof] . ef/tsf tnjf8f gu/ ;ldlt, hfnfGw/, kmujf8f, xf]lzof/k'/,
d'DjO{, uf]jf, snsQf, rl08u9, /f]k8, df]l/08f, uf]ljGbu9, df]xfnL, kl6ofnf
el608f xl/of0ff, sgf{6s, dWok|b]z nufotsf :yfgx?df cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf
lbj; dgfpg ljleGg sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP.
k|jf;
;Djfbbftfaf6
hgclwsf/n] r}q @$ ut] ljzfn hgk|bz{g ug{]
ef/tdf
/x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] xs lxtsf nflu nl8/x]sf] hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltn] cfufdL r}q @$
ut] -clk|n ^ ut]_ ef/tsf] /fhwfgL gof“ lbNnLdf Ps hgk|bz{g ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;f]
sfo{qmdsf nlfu æ)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] b]vfPsf] u0ftGq g]kfn
lgdf{0fsf] af6f]df cl3 a9f}+, zfxL ;}Go kmfl;jfbsf lj?4 hgljb|f]xsf] cf“wLj]x/L
;[li6 u/f}+, r}q @$ ut] lbNnLdf x'g] ljzfn hgk|bz{gdf ;xefuL agf}+Æ eGg] gf/f
to u/]sf] 5 .
r}q
@$ sf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;xeflu x'gsf nflu cfx\jfg ub}{ ;ldltn] oxL r}q
% ut] -!* dfr{ @))%_ hf/L u/]sf] ckLn tn k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5–
)$^
;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] b]vfPsf] u0ftGq g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] af6f]df cl3 a9f}+
†
zfxL
;}Go kmfl;jfbsf lj?4 hg;+3if{sf] cf“wLj]x/L ;[li6 u/f}+ ††
r}q @$ -clk|n ^_ lbNnLdf x'g] ljzfn hgk|bz{gdf ;xefuL agf}+ †††
u0ftGqk|]dL
hg;d'bfo,
)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf r}q @$ Tof] P]ltxfl;s lbg xf] ha nfvf}+nfvsf]
hg;fu/ k+rfotL Joj:yf;lxt /fhtGqnfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug{ cl3 a9]sf] lyof] .
t/, ;ft;fn / 5QL; ;fnh:t} Toltv]/ klg ;+3if{zLn / cfd"n kl/jt{gsfdL g]kfnL
hg;d'bfosf] u0ftGq lgdf{0f ug{] cfsf+Iff, efjgf / rfxgf b/af/ tyf ljleGg b]zL–ljb]zL
if8\oGqsf] lzsf/ aGg k'Uof] . hg;+3if{nfO{ b/afl/of ;fdGtL tTjx¿ / ljleGg
cGt/f{li6«o ;fd|fHojfbL zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] lxtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] zlQmx¿aLr ;Demf}tfdf
6'+UofOof] . /fhfnfO{ /fli6«otfsf] cfwf/ dfGg] tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;fd|fHojfbL
zlQms]Gb|x¿nfO{ k|hftGqsf] k|tLs 7fGg] k'R5/jfbL lrGtg xfjL /x]s} sf/0f xhf/f}+
hgtfsf] alnbfgsf afjh"b d'n'sdf k"0f{ k|hftGq cfpg ;s]g . kl5Nnf
!% jif{sf] pynk'ynk"0f{ 36gfqmdn] of] tLtf] oyfy{nfO{ /fd|f];“u k'li6 ul/lbPsf]
5 . csf{]lt/, )$^ ;fndf hgtfn] k"0f{ k|hftGq Nofpgsf nflu p7fPsf]
em08fnfO{ em'Sg lbg' x'“b}g eGg] qmflGtsf/L wf/n] xfl;n ub{} uO/x]sf] ;kmntfnfO{
kl5Nnf !) jif{x¿n] Pskl5 csf{] u/L k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
k|hftGqsf 7"nf7"nf bfjL ug{] ef/tnufot klZrdf b]zx¿sf] ;fd|fHojfbL
gLlt tyf /fli6«otfsf] /fu cnfKg] ;fdGtjfbsf] rk]6fdf g]kfnL hgtf kb{} cfPsf 5g\ .
;fdGtjfb / ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbsf] /fli6«otf / hgtGq lgtfGt s[lqd xf] eGg] tYo
Oltxf;n] af/af/ phfu/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hg;d'bfon] cfºg} ana'tfdf :jtGq
/ cfTdlge{/ eP/ dfq jf:tljs / k"0f{ k|hftGq k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . To;/L
k|fKt k|hftGq g} lbuf] x'G5 . To:tf] k|hftGqn] dfq b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] /Iff
ug{ ;Sb5 . /fli6«o cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq / cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] hu a;fn]/ d'n'sdf
JofKt ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yonufotsf ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{ ;Sb5 . )$^
;fn r}q @$ sf] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/tkm{ a9\b} u/]sf] nfvf}+sf] hg;fu/sf] efjgf /
rfxgf o:t} lyof] . cyf{t\ k"0f{ k|hftGq, /fhfljgfsf] k|hftGq .
j}b]lzs rnv]n / x:tIf]kljgfsf] ;f“rf] k|hftGq . ;ft, ;q, 5QL;, 5ofnL; ;fn
x'“b} )^! ;fn df3 !( ut]sf 36gfqmdx¿n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k"0f{ nf]stflGqs/0f
;'wf/jfbL tl/sfn] ;Dej 5}g, qmflGtsf/L af6f]af6 dfq ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;To;fljt
ul/lbPsf 5g\ . k'“hLjfbL k|hftGqsf] cfbz{ dflgg] a]nfot, cd]l/sfnufot cGo
s}of}+ d'n'sx¿n] Oltxf;df o;} af6f]df lx8]/ g} k'“hLjfbL k|hftflGqs qmflGt ;DkGg
u/]sf x'g\ .
)$^ kl5sf 36gfqmdx¿n] s] klg /fd|f];“u k|dfl0ft u/] eg] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq
/ ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|hftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] ;+ljwfg ;+;bLo bnx¿n]
eg]h:t} hgcfGbf]ngaf6 xfl;n ePsf] …pTs[i6 b:tfj]hÚ lyPg . Tof] ;+ljwfg t
qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] eg]h:t} lg/Lx lyof] . ;f“rf] cy{df Tof] ;+ljwfg hg3ftL /
/fi6«3ftL g]kfnL ;fdGtjfbnfO{ rf]/ b"nf]af6 ;Qf ;+rfng ug{ j}wflgstf k|bfg
ug{] b:tfj]h lyof] . Tof] ;+ljwfg wf]sfk"0f{ lyof] lsgeg] To;n]
hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfPsf] lyPg . To;}n] g} ;dsfnLg qmflGtsf/L wf/n] /fhf /
…jfdÚ–sf+u|];aLrsf] lqkIfLo ;Demf}tfnfO{ wf]sf 7x/ u/]sf] lyof] /
cfGbf]ngnfO{ k"0f{ k|hftGq k|flKt;Dd lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fpg cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] .
Tof] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf bzsf}+b]lv ljBdfg ;'wf/jfbL wf/sf lj?4 cl3 a9]sf] qmflGtsf/L
wf/ lyof] . g]kfnL hgtf lj?4 a]nfa]nfdf ul/Psf if8\oGqx¿ lj?4 qmflGtsf/Lx¿n]
;8s / ;bg ;d]t ttfPsf] :d/0f ;a}nfO{ tfh} x'g' k5{ . cGtdf zflGtk"0f{
tl/sfn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|hftflGqs ?kfGt/0fsf ;a} 9f]sfx¿ aGb ul/Pkl5 g]kfnL
hgtfn] @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf
ljb|f]xsf] em08f prfn] . To;kl5sf gf} jif{x¿df kZrufdL ;fdGtL tyf cu|ufdL
qmflGtsf/L wf/sfaLr eLif0f 6Ss/ x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . /fi6«3ft / hg3ftsf
Pskl5 csf{] s8LnfO{ hGdfp“b} kZrufdL ;fdGtL wf/ k"0f{ k/fhosf] ;+3f/df
k'u]sf] 5 . of] lsQfn] cfºgf] cl:tTj hf]ufpg cfºgf] nfu]k'u]sf] zlQm
k|of]u ul/;s]sf] 5 . b/af/ xTofsf08, xhf/f}+ ufp“a:tLdf xTof,
n"6kf6, cfuhgL, anfTsf/h:tf 3[l0ft s's[To ub{} rnfOPsf ;}Go cleofgx¿ / b'O{–b'O{
k6s nfu" ul/Psf] ;+s6sfn To;}sf cleJolQm lyP . hgtfnfO{ bdg ug{ cd]l/sf,
ef/t, a]nfot;“usf] u'xf/ / @)%* ;fn c;f]h !* ut]sf] ;+;bsf] avf{:tuL k|ltufdL
wf/sf] 56kl6s} lg/Gt/tf lyof] . cGttM @)^! df3 !( ut] of] ;fdGtL k|ltufdL
wf/ cyf{t\ k+rfotL e"t ;+ljwfg, sfg'g / ;;b\;lxtsf tdfd ;Lldt k|hftflGqs
clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ rsgfr"/ kfb{} cfºgf] ;SsnL cg'xf/ k|:t't ug{ afWo ePsf] 5
cyf{t\ afbzfx cfºgf c:tj:q ;d]t ptf/]/ ;jf{¨ gf¨f] ePsf] 5 . o;y{, df3
!( ut]sf] ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff hgtfsf] slyt ;+s6sf] kl/0ffd xf]Og ;fdGtL ;Qfsf]
;+s6sf] kl/0ffd xf] .
lk|o
;+;b\jfbL ldqx¿,
Oltxf;sf] bzf}+ sf]0faf6 d"NofÍg x'g ;S5 . t/ d'Vo s'/f rflx+
s'g w/ftndf 6]s]/ Oltxf;sf] d"Nof+sg ug{] eGg] g} xf]– hgtfsf] w/ftnaf6
d"NofÍg ug{] jf k|ltufdL w/ftndf 6]s]/ . xfdL ;+;bLo lsQFsf ;a} ldqx¿nfO{
hgtfsf] kIfdf pleP/ Oltxf;sf] d"NofÍg ub{} Oltxf;n] xfdL ;a}nfO{ ;'lDkPsf]
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{] k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg xflb{s cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ . lsgls
k|ltufdL lsQfsf] ;fdGtL zfxL ;}Go lu/f]xsf lzsf/ dxfg\ zxLbx¿ u+ufnfn / bz/y
rGb, g]q l3ld/] / o1axfb'/ x'“b} kl5Nnf] cjlwdf dxfg\ zxLbx¿ ;'/]z jfUn]b]lv
s[i0f ;]g, z]/dfg s'“j/ / df]xgrGb| uf}td;Dd ePsf 5g\ . lsgeg] o; ;}Go lu/f]xn]
s;}nfO{ klg af“sL /fv]sf] 5}g, /fhf jL/]Gb| xf]pg jf nf]slk|o ufos k|jL0f u'?ª
xf]pmg jf lgjf{lrt ;+;b g} lsg gxf];\ ;a} ;fdGtL ;}Go lu/f]x¿kL sfnsf u|f;
alg;s]sf 5g\ . qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLx¿ / ;+;bjfbLx¿sf] aLrsf] ;'b[9
Pstfaf6 /fhtGqnfO{ ;bfsf nflu Oltxf;sf] s'8fbfgdf ldNsfpg l9nf eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;lxt ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x¿ hgtfsf] lsQfdf km'6 kfg{
if8\oGq ul//x]sf 5g\ . slyt …kf]nkf]6 z}nLsf] PsbnLo zf;g rnfpg]
dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] nIoÚ /x]sf] h:tf ldTYof k|rf/sf] af9L ;fd|fHojfbLx¿n] NofPsf
5g\ . t/ g]kfnL hgtfn] eg] ;fd|fHojfbLx¿sf] Tof] b'ik|rf/df sbflk ljZjf;
ug{] 5}}gg\ . ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL tyf u0ftGq g]kfnsf] kIfw/ xfd|f]
;+u7gn] ;fd|fHojfbL b'ik|rf/sf] hf]8bf/ zAbdf lgGbf / eT;{gf ub{5 . g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{]
tfTsflns nIo /fhgLlts bnx¿aLrsf] Pstfsf] cfwf/ / jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsf;sf] pko'Qm
af6f] xf] eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f}+ . o;y{ /fhtGqsf] cGt / ax'bnLo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf] ;+3if{df PSoa4tf k|s6 ug{ xfdL ef/tl:yt
;Dk"0f{ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL hg;d'bfonfO{ clk|n ^, @))% df lbNnLsf]
hGt/dGt/df lbp“;f] !@ ah]b]lv k|f/De x'g] hgk|bz{gdf ;xefuL x'g xflb{s cfx\jfg
ub{5f}+ .Æ
hd{gLdf ;}Go …s'Ú sf] lj/f]w tyf hgo'4sf] ;dy{gdf k|bz{g
aln{g÷
/fhf 1fg]Gb|n] km]j'|j/L ! ut] g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ;}Go æs'Æ
dfkm{t sAhf u/L tfgfzfxL zf;g nfb]sf] lj/f]wdf hd{gLsf] /fhwfgL aln{gdf /x]sf]
slyt zfxL b'tfjf; cufl8 dfr{ !$ ut]sf lbg bh{gf} g]kfnLx? tyf ljb]zLx?n] Ps
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L lj/f]w k|bz{g u/] .
cGt/fli6«otfjfbL
g]kfnL P]Soj4tf d+r hd{gLsf] cfof]hgf tyf hd{gL, 6'sL{;, O/fgL, s'lb{;,
a|flhlnog, kf]Nof08L, nufotsf ljleGg b]zsf hd{gLdf /x]sf ljleGg ;+3–;+u7gx?sf
k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ePsf] pQm lj/f]w k|bz{gdf kmf;LjfbL /fhf 1fg]Gb|4f/f ul/Psf]
s" sf] rsf]{ lj/f]w ub}{ g]kfnLx?n] g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf]
g]t[Tjdf @)%@ ;fn kmfu'gb]lv rnfPsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljZjel/sf hgtfx?sf] ;dy{g /x]sf]
/ To;n] dfq g]kfnL hgtf ;fj{ef}d aGg ;Sg] x“'bf ;a}nfO{ hgo'4sf] ;dy{g ug{ /
kmf;LjfbL /fHonfO{ cfly{s, ;}Go tyf s'6g}lts ;dy{g gug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP .
pQm
lj/f]w k|bz{gdf hd{g dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{ tyf OG;f]km ;Nnfxsf/ dfsf]{;n]
g]kfnsf /fhfn] cfkm\gf] tyf zfxL ;]gfsf] lj/f]w ug]{ k|hftGqsf] jsfnt ug]{ /fhg}lts
kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{, kqsf/, ljBfyL{, nufot dfgjclwsf/sdL{nfO{ g} lu/km\tf/ ug{],
xTof ug]{ / a]kQF kfg]{ h:tf h3Go ck/fwx? u/]sf]n] cfkm'nfO{ k|hftflGqs eGg]
b]zx?n] ;a} ;xof]ux? tTsfn aGb ug{ dfu ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfn] rnfPsf] hgo'4nfO{
bafpg] gfddf ePsf] j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w ug{'eof] .
;f]xL
cj;/df af]Nb} ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ng, hd{gLsf k|ltlglwn] hlt hlt g]kfnL hgo'4
ljhotkm{ nlDs/x]sf] 5 Tolt Tolt ;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbLx? hgo'4nfO{ bafpg
nfu]sf] / To;}sf] pkh ;}lgs s' ePsf]n] ljZjel/sf kl/jt{gsfdL, k|hftGqk|]dL ;d"bfox?
g]kfnL hgtfn] rnfPsf] hgo'4nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] g]kfn / g]kfnL lj?4
u/]sf] tdfd if8oGqx?sf] e08fkmf]/ ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'eof] .
OG;f]km
k|ltlglwn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] kl/jt{g k|ltsf] rfxgfnfO{ s'g}klg tfutn] /f]Sg
g;Sg]x'“bf ;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbLx?sf] of]hgf cGtu{t g]kfnL hgtf dfly /fhf
1fg]Gb|n] nfb]sf] tfgfzfxL ;}Go zf;g g]kfnL hgtfsf] ann] rf“8} 9Ng] atfpb} o'/f]lkog
o'lgogn] eg] h:t} ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]ux? nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn :yfkgf geP;Dd /f]Sg
cfu|x ug'{eof] .
OG;f]km
kl/jf/, ;+o'Qm, g]kfnL df]rf{ o'/f]k tyf ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ng, hd{gLsf]
gfddf tof/ kfl/Psf] lj/f]w kq tyf OG;f]kmåf/f agfOPsf] ;'k'b{uL ;DaGwL lzif{ssf]
csf]{ kq /fhb'tfjf; dfkm{t ;}Go ;/sf/ k|d'v 1fg]Gb|nfO{ a'emfpg vf]Hbf ;'/IffsdL{x?n]
/f]Sb} b'tfjf;n] lj/f]wkq ga'em\g] / x'nfs jf Od]n dfkm{t k7fpg cfu|x u/]sf]
hfgsf/L k|bz{gsf/Lx?nfO{ u/fpb} oqf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf x'bf klg cfkm\g} b]zsf gful/sx?;+u
e]6\g 8/fpg] nfhdbf]{ b'tfjf; eGb} Jo+Uo u/]sf lyP .
aln{gsf]
d'6' lrl8ofvfgf au}rf -h'nf]lhsn uf8]{g_ b]lv zfxL b'tfjf;;Dd ;8sdf l;7L tyf
tfnL ahfp+b} zfxL ;/sf/sf] lj?4 tyf hgo'4sf] ;dy{gdf g]kfnL, c+u+|]hL tyf hd{gL
efiffdf gf/fx? nufpb} b'tfjf;df k|bz{gsf/Lx? k'Ubf zfxL sd{rf/Lx? 9f]sf nufO{ lj/f]w
ug]{ t ljb]zLx? klg /x]5g lg eGb} tnf dflysf] em\ofnaf6 n'lsn'ls x]/]sf lyP .
g]kfnL
eGbf ljb]zLx?sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;fdfGtL 1fg]Gb| ;/sf/
d'bf{jfb, ;}lgs s' lkmtf{ u/, xTof cf+ts aGb u/, /fhtGq– d"bf{jfb,
;Dk"0f{ /fhaGbLx? l/xf u/, dft[sf ofbj, ;'/]z cfn]du/ nufot a]kQf kfl/Psf
;Dk"0f{ gful/sx? ;fj{hlgs u/, ;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w
u/f}+, ef/lto ;/sf/ s=ls/0f, uf}/j nufotsf aGbLx? l/xf u/, zfxL ;}lgs ;/sf/sf]
lj/f]w u/f}+. nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn :yfkgf u/f}+, g]kfnL hgo'4 lhGbfjfb,
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08ky lhGbfjfb, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ lhGbfjfb h:tf gf/fx? ljb]zLx?n]
klg nufPsf lyP . pQm cj;/df xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf OG;f]km tyf ljZj hgk|lt/f]w
cfGbf]ng4f/f ;}Go s'sf] lj/f]wdf c+u|]hL, hd{gL / 6'ls{; efiffdf tof/ kfl/Psf
krf{x? ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .