;do
;Gbe{
b]zsf]
u|fdL0f / zx/sf] l:ylt
cIfo
1fg]Gb|n] df3 !( ut]
cfkm}+n] k|wfgdGqLdf dgf]lgt u/]sf z]/axfb/ b]pjfnfO{ avf{:t u/]/ cfkm\g}
g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g u/]kl5 zx/ / cem ljz]ifu/L sf7df8f}+sf] l:yltaf/]
sf7df8f}+af6 ev{/} ufp“ cfOk'Ug'ePsf Pshgf ldqn] lgs} sxfnLnfUbf] lrq k|:t't
ug{'ePsf] lyof] – æsf7df8f}+ /
b]zsf k|foM ;a} zx/sf hgtf zfxL ;Qfaf6 lgs} eolet eP/ af“lr/x]sf 5g\ .
;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff ePkl5 d]l;gugn] n}; zfxL ;]gfsf aVt/aGb uf8Lx? /fhwfgLsf
;8sx?df rf}jL;} 306f u:tL u/]/ ;a}nfO{ cft+lst kfl//x]sf 5g\ . s'g a]nf ;dfltg],
a]kQf x'g] / dfl/g] eGg] s'/fn] ;a}nfO{ ;tfO/x]sf] x'G5 . ;+;bLo g]tfx?nfO{ 3/d}
gh/aGbdf /flvPsf], sltkonfO{ ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] / w]/} t kqmfp kg{] 8/n]
e"ldut ePsf], sf]xLn] zfxL ;Qf;“u cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] / sf]xL eg] ljb]zlt/
knfog ePsf 5g\ . lghL ;~rf/ dfWodsf sfof{no, :s"n, SofDk;x?df zfxL ;]gf
k|j]z u/]/ w/ks8 ul//x]sf] 5 . klxnf ;a} s'/f aflx/ gcfP klg yf]/} s'/f
klqsfdfkm{t\ yfxf nfUy] t/ clxn] klqsfnfO{ tL s'/fx? n]Vg k|ltaGw nufOPsf]n]
yfxf kfpg lgs} d'lZsn 5 . lxhf] dfcf]jfbLsf gfddf o; lsl;dsf HofbtL x'Gy] eg]
clxn] /fhflj/f]wLsf gfddf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .= :jtGq cleJolQmsf] clwsf/ sxL+ 5}g .
/fhfsf] ehg ufpgsf nflu …k|hftGqÚ 5 . e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]wsf] gfddf v'n]cfd
e|i6frf/ eO/x]sf] 5, t:s/L a9]sf] 5 . lxhf]sf xTof/f, e|i6 / cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf
t:s/x? g} clxn] /fHo ;+rfngdf xfnLd'xfnL ul//x]sf 5g . OdfGbf/ b]zeQm gful/sx?nfO{
euf}8f b]z3ftLx?sf] cfb]zdf z"nLdf r9fpg] Gofo k|0ffnL sfod ul/Psf] 5 . æ
tL ldqsf s'/f ;'Gbf b]zsf]
/fhwfgL / zx/sf hgtf lg:;flxbf]+ jftfj/0fdf lhO/x]sf 5g eGg] :ki6 x'GYof] . t/,
ufp“ clxn] zfGt 5 . oxf“ zfxL ;Qfsf] sxL+ pkl:ylt 5}g . hg;Qf rn]sf] 5 . ;a}lt/
v'Nnf jftfj/0f 5 . jf/L–v]tdf hf]Tg]–/f]Kg] sfd lgjf{w rln/x]sf] 5 . aRrfx?
/flt ca]/;Dd aflx/ v]ln/xG5g\ . ufp“n]x? ufO/x]sf 5g\, gf“lr/x]sf 5g\ .
oxf“sf hgtfnfO{ b]zdf clxn] ;+s6sfn, sºo{" 5 eGg] s'/f /]l8of]af6 ;'Gg]
afx]s hLjg / Jojxf/df 5}g . hg;]gfaLrdf hgtf eod'Qm eP/ cfgGbk"j{s hLjg
rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . jf:tjd} ufp“ zfGt, ;'/lIftdfq} 5}g cs{} gof“ 7fp“df k'u]sf]
5 . lg/+s'z k~rfotL zf;g / To;cl3sf] ufp“ t clxn] 5b}+5}g . ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?n]
6]s] a]nfsf] ufp“ klg 5}g clxn] . gof“ ;Qf rnfPsf / gof“ ;+:sf/ af]s]sf
dfG5]x? 5g\ ufp“df . lxhf]h:tf] s]xL …6f7faf7fÚsf] k]zf /fhgLlt x'GYof] eg]
clxn] ;a} hgtf /fhgLltnfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjg bz{gsf] ?kdf lnO/x]sf 5g\ .
To;}n] oxf“ ;a} /fhgLltdf ;l/s x'G5g\ . ljsf; lgdf{0fdf efu lnG5g\ .
s[lif ljz]if1 vl6Psf 5g\
ufp“ufp“df . lxhf] k/Dk/fut v]tL ug{] sltko clzlIft ls;fgx? ;d]t s[lifsf
ljz]if1 ag]sf 5g\ . gof–gof“ jfnL–lj?jf nufOPsf 5g . gof“ kmnkm"n
x'sf{OPsf 5g\ . lxhf] eGbf t/sf/L v]tL nufpg] sfddf a[l4 cfPsf] 5 . ;a}
afnLgfnLx? km:6fPsf 5g\ . l;+rfOsf lglDt sltko 7fp“df l/he{ kf]v/Lx? agfOPsf
5g\ . ;fd"lxs efjgfsf] k|r'/ ljsf; ePsf] 5 . sltko 7fp“df hgtfn] cfkm\g}
kxndf ;fd"lxs v]tL ul//x]sf 5g, sDo'g rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . sof}+ 7fp“df
gfddfqsf] Aofhdf C0f lng kfOg] u/L ;xsf/L a}+s vf]lnPsf 5g\ . 3/]n' pBf]ux?
rn]sf 5g . lxhf] uf]/]6f] gePsf] 7fp“df cfh 3f]8]6f] ag]sf] 5 . st} uf8L
u'8\g] ;8s alg/x]sf] 5 . ufp“ufp“df :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ hgtfsf] pkrf/df cxf]/fq
h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . zx/df wgLn] dfq k9\g;Sg] agfOPsf] 8fS6/ k9fO clxn] ufp“df g}
k9fOG5 . clxn] ;of}+ sRrf dfG5]x? cg'ejL 8fS6/ alg;s]sf 5g\ . uf]nL nfu]sf
3fOt]sf] ck/]zgb]lv lnP/ y'k|} 3fts /f]usf] k/LIf0f / pkrf/ ufp“d} x'g yfn]sf]
5 . lglZrt pd]/sf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ clgjfo{ lzIffsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
7fp“7fp“df gd"gf :s"n vf]n]/ gof“ lzIff k|0ffnL nfu" ePsf]
5 . lzIffnfO{ >d;“u hf]8\g l;sfOPsf] 5 . lxhf]sf /fhf–dxf/fhfsf s'/f
xf]Og lzIffyL{x? gof“gof“ ;+3if{sf ufyfx? ;'Gg / ;'gfpg dg k/fp“5g\ . ;~rf/sf]
j}slNks Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . kf“r j6f hg/]l8of]x? hgtf;dIf lgs} k|efjsf/L ePsf 5g\
. lkt[;QfTds ;dfh Joj:yf ePsfn] lxhf] dlxnfx?nfO{ e]befjsf] ?kdf x]l/GYof] .
clxn] To:tf] 5}g . dlxnfnfO{ k'?if ;/x ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] Joj:yf tLj|tfsf ;fy
nfu" eO/x]sf] 5 . lxhf] r'nf] rf}sf]df ;Lldt dlxnfx? o'4sf] cu|Ld df]rf{sf]
g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] k|z:t b]Vg kfOG5 . pRr hfltsf] blntdflysf] x]kfxf gLlt, dfG5]n]
dfG5]nfO{ 5'jf5't ug{] 3[l0ft sfo{ nueu /f]lsPsf] 5 .
u|fdL0f If]qsf hgtfn]
lxhf]sf] /fhfsf] zf;g ca km]l/ rfxg] t s'/} 5f8f}+ tL sl7g / kL8fsf lbgx? ;Demg
klg tof/ 5}gg\ . Ps 8]9 jif{df 7"nf] of]hgfsf ;fy sf7df8f}+af6 v6fOPsf zfxL
;Qfsf ;'[/IffsdL{n] ufp“sf] zfGt jftfj/0fnfO{ Ps b'O{ lbg l8:6j{ ug{] ub{5g\ .
oxf“ pgLx? cfPkl5 hgtfn] hg;]gf;“u} ldn]/ k|lt/f]w u5{g\, g;s] hg;]gf;“u}
3/ 5f8]/ ;'/lIft If]qlt/ nfU5g . oxf“sf hgtfdf ;f]emf]kg / OdfGbfl/tf hlt 5
Tolts} lg8/kgf . wDsLsf] efiffnfO{
k6Ss} ?rfp“b}gg\ . oxf“sf hgtfsf] o:tf] efj k|s6 u5{g æ/fhfn] ;w}+ hgtfnfO{
3'“8f 6]sfpg / lgx'/fpg dfq l;sfP . ;+;bLo g]tfx?n] /fhfnfO{ e]6L r9fP/
xfdLnfO{ To;} ug{ eg] . xfdL Tof] s'/f dfGg tof/ lyPgf},dfg]gf} klg+ .
hg/]l8of]n] k|foM ahfpg] u/]sf] of] uLtnfO{ hgtfn] dfq u'gu'gfp“b}g ls To;nfO{
cfTd;ft g} u/]sf 5g –
b'Zdgsf]
;fd' gem'sfcf}+ x} lz/÷ /f]lkP ;x'“nf of] 5ftLdf tL/
7f8f] lz/ kf/]/ pleg vf]Hbf k~rx?;“u h:t} ;+;bjfbL
g]tfx?;“u klg hgtfsf] 6Ss/ k¥of] . 6Ss/sf sf/0f y'k|}n] cfkmGt u'dfP . ;+;bLo
bnsf g]tfx?n] v6fPsf k|x/L / zfxL ;]gfn] agfPsf 3/uf]7 v08x/ ePsf clxn] klg
Ho'“bf ;fIfLsf] ?kdf plePsf 5g . clxn] pgLx?nfO{ klg k|xf/ ul//x]sf zfxL ;]gf
/ k|x/Ln] lxhf] ufp“df hgtfnfO{ ul//x]sf HofbtL x]g{ klg pgLx? otf cfpg'k5{ .
hg;Qf rn]sf ufp“sf Pp6f klg 3/ 5}g h;n] cfkmGt u'dfPsf] gxf]; / ef}lts Iflt
gJoxf]/]sf] xf];\ . yf]/} klg hgtfsf] dfof ePsf ;+;bLo g]tfx? tL kLl8t
ufp“n]sf] kL8f ;'Gbf cf“z' v;fNg]5g\ . /, ljutsf] cfkm\gf] uNtLk|lt k|folZrt
ug{]5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf s=
k|r08n] /fhfsf] lg/+s'z sbdsf] lj?4 plePsf /fhgLlts zlQmnfO{ b]zsf ;a} efudf=lgjf{w
/fhgLlts ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ 5'6 lbg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;af/] ;+;bLo zlQmsf]
k|ltlqmof s]xL cfPsf] 5}g . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb
/ k|r08kyn] n}; / k|efljt ufp“n] hgtf lg/ªs'z zfxL ;Qfsf lj?4 xft ldnfP/
cufl8 a9\g cft'/ 5g\ . pgLx?df k|ltzf]wL efjgf k6Ss} 5}g . ljutk|lt cfTdfnf]lrt
x'“b} bf]:tLsf] xft a9fp“g]x?;“u ljut e'n]/ Jojxf/ ug{ l;ls;s]sf 5g\
ufp“sf hgtfn] . lxhf] k|x/LnfO{ ;'/fsL u/]/ hg;]gfsf] xTofdf ;+nUg ePsfx?;d]t
ljutk|lt k|folZrt u/]/ hg;]gf ag]/ k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u n8]/ zxLb ePsf] pbfx/0f
ufp“df k|z:t kfOG5g\ . lxhf]s} x}sdjfbL / a8Kkgsf] ;+:sf/ af]s]/ hfg] xf] eg]
rflx+ hgtfn] :jLsfb{}gg\ . To:tf] Aojxf/ dfcf]jfbLs} gfddf eP klg hgtfn] cZjLsf/
ul/lbG5g\ . :yfgLo r'gfjdf :jtGqx?n] lht]/ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ xf/]sf] y'k|} pbfx/0f
5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] cfnf]rgf ug{ hgtf k6Ss} lxlRsrfp“b}gg\ . hg;Qfn] dfcf]jfbLn]
u/]sf lqmofsnfknfO{ lrQ ga'em]df dfly ph'/ ug{ 7fp“7fp“df ph'/L k]l6sfsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . hgtfdf :jfeLdfgL efjgfsf] k|r'/ ljsf; ePsf] 5 . hgtfn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Ddfgdfq ub{}gg\ ls cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ ;Dem]/ 3/df cfPsf] a]nfdf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ e};Lsf] uf]j/ ;f]xf]g{, v]tdf hf]Tgsf nflu cx|fpg lxlRsrfp“b}gg\
. ljrf/ lbP/ dfq} xf]Og /fhgLltnfO{ hLjg;“u hf]8]/, hgtfsf] ;]jf u/]/ g}
dfcf]jfbL hgtfsf] ljZjf;kfq ag]sf x'g . ;+;bjfbL g]tfx? hgtfnfO{ o;/L ;Ddfg u/]/
hfg tof/ 5g\ < lxhf]h:t} pkb]zs / ufp“n] hgtfnfO{ x]Kg] xf] eg] hgtfaf6
km]l/ lt/:s[t x'g'kg{]5 . hgtfsf] dg lht]sfn] g}] ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ klg u0ftGq
:yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ dfcf]jfbLn] ;lDawfg ;efsf] dfu ul//x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn]
ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf /x]sf zlQmx?;“u klg r'gfjL k|lt:kwf{df
lhTg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf 9'Ss 5 .
ljBdfg
/fHo;+/rgfdf cfd"n kl/jt{glagf :j:y k|ltikwf{ ;Dej 5}g . k'/fgf] / sdhf]/
hudf hlt;'s} alnof] ufx|f] nufP klg Tof] l6sfp x'“b}g,9Ng]5 . @)$^ ;fndf /fHosf]
dxTjk"0f{ kIf zfxL ;]gf, k|x/L, cbfnt, sd{rf/LtGqnfO{ sfod g} /fv]/ ul/Psf]
;Demf}tfsf] kl/0ffd g} cfh ;+;bjfbLx?n] ;d]t ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . km]l/ pxL ;+;b
k'g:yf{kgf of ;+;bLo ;/sf/sf] k'g:yf{kgfn] b]znfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbb}g . k+rfotL
Joj:yfsf] hudf v8f ePsf] ;+;bLo Joj:yf kfp“bf klg ;+;bLo g]tfx? lxhf] /dfpg'
g} pgLx?sf] cb"/blz{tf lyof] . b/af/ hgtfsf] gh/df abgfd eO;s]sf] 6«]8
dfs{nfO{ abn]/ gof“ 6]«8dfs{ agfpg /fhL ePsf] lyof] . k'/fgf] af]tndf gof“
/S;L /flvPsf] lyof] eg]/ Toltj]nf eGg]x? g} ;xL lyP eGg] s'/f clxn]sf] l:yltn] ;fljt
u/]g / < /fHosf] d'Vo kIf ;]gfnfO{ g5f]Osg
lht]sf] pGdfbdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?n] ldn]/ hfg'kg{] cfGbf]ngsf/L lj?4 g}
pN6f] vlgP/ /fhfsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;}lgs ;+oGqnfO{ g} alnof] agfpglt/ nfu] .
kmfl;i6 sfg'g agfpg b/af/nfO{ ;xof]u u/] . cfh ToxL cfkm}n] alnof] agfpg d4t
u/]sf] zfxL ;]gf / sfnf] sf'ggsf cfwf/df k|tfl8t x'g'k/]sf] 5 .
sltko ;;bjfbL g]tfx? cem} /fhf;“u
jftf{ ug{] eg]/ gsr/f] levf/L 9f]sfdf pleP h:t} u/L nfrf/L JoQm ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fhfn]
pgLx?nfO{ k'5]s} 5}gg\ . clxn] ;'nx ;+emf}tflt/ xf]Og
kmf;LjfbL zlQmsf lj?4 PsLs[t k|lt/f]w ug{] a]nf xf] of] , To;d} tfut 5 .
dfcf]jfbL cWoIf s= k|r08n] kmf;LjfbL zlQmsf lj?4 PsLs[t cfGbf]ng p7fpgsf nflu ul/Psf]
k|:tfjnfO{ ;a}n] :jLsfg{' g} clxn]sf] ;dosf] dfu xf] . of] jf Tof] jxfgfdf
dfcf]jfbL;“u ldn]/ ghfg' eg]sf] k|ToIf of ck|ToIf ?kdf kmf;LjfbL tKsfnfO{ g} ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg' xf] . k|lt/f]w ;+3if{n] g} kf6L{ k'g;+ul7t x'g]5, gof“ hLjg k|fKt ug{]5
. ;+o'Qm k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ ef“8]/ PSn} rsf{] s'/f u/]/ cfGbf]ng ;kmn x'GYof] eg]
Tof] Pd= aL=sf] g]t[Tjdf w]/} klxnf k"/f eO;s]sf] x'GYof] . Pd=aL= b]zsf] ;aeGbf
;kmn qmflGtsf/L g]tf x'g] lyP . Ps hdfgfdf Pd= aL= sf sfo{stf{ s= k|r08nfO{
hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj ug{] df}s} ldNg] lyPg . clxn] klg Pd aL / Pdfn]sf] Pp6f lx:;f ;+o'Qm
cfGbf]ngsf] ;a}eGbf afws zlQmsf] ?kdf plePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . /fhfsf] df3 !( ut]sf]
sbdn] lj3l6t x'gsf nflu l8ndf k'lu;s]sf ;+;bjfbL bnsf] oxL 9+usf] :jt:km"t{tf
/ cfTd;dk{0fsf/L gLlt /xg] xf] eg] ltgLx? Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf ;Lldt x'g]5g .
clxn] ;+;bLo kf6L{n] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng x'g'k5{ / dfcf]jfbLn] ;z:q
;+3if{ TofUg'k5{ eGg' Ps 9¨sf] cfTd;dk{0f g} xf] . zfxL ;Qfn] b]znfO{ k"/}
o'4 lzlj/df ws]n]sf] a]nfdf ;z:q ;+3if{ ug{' hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwsf/ xf] . cd]l/sfnufot
ljb]zL zlQmnfO{ O/fsaf6 x6fpg h;/L O/fsL hgtfn] clxn] hgjfbL clwsf/ k|of]u ul//x]sf
5g\ . ;+;bjfbL zlQmx? /fhf;“u n8\g ljb]zLsf] ;xf/f / j}wflgstf k|fKt ug{
cfjZos eGbf a9L s;/t ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] s:tf] Aoj:yf /f]Hg] xf]
eGg] s'/f cfkm}n] km};nf ug{ kfpg] s'/fnfO{ x:tIf]k gug{ pgLx?nfO{ slGeG; ug{]
xb;Dd nfUg' 7Ls} xf] . s]xL lbg klxn] ef/tsf u[xd+qL;“u ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?n]
hgtfnfO{ bdg ug{ k|of]u eO/x]sf zfxL ;QfnfO{{ lbb} cfPsf] ;xof]unfO{ /f]Sg
u/]sf] e]63f6 / s'/fsfgL ;XfgLo 5 . hgtfn] dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08 of
sf+u|];L g]tf lul/hfnfO{ /fi6«klt agfp“5g of c? sf]xL /fi6«klt x'G5g eg] klg
ljb]zL zf;snfO{ Tof] s'/fsf] lsg cfklQ <
ef/t,
rLg of ljZjsf h'g;'s} b]zdf klg s'g Joj:yf /f]Hg] eGg] s'/f pxL b]zsf hgtfn]
km}};nf ug{ kfpg'k5{ . xfd|f] b]zsf]
of] b'u{lt x'gdf ljb]zL zlQm klg w]/} lhDd]jf/ 5g . ljb]zLsf] ;xof]u gkfPsf] eP
k'/fgf] ;Qf ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] s]xL jif{ cufl8 g} 9ln;s]sf] x'g] lyof] . zfxL ;QfnfO{
s'g} klg ljb]zLn] ;xof]u gug{] xf] eg] / ;+;bjfbL zlQm / dfcf]jfbL;“u xft]dfnf]
u/]/ ufp“ / zx/sf] ;+3if{nfO{ ;dfof]hg ul/lbg] xf] eg] zx/sf hgtfn] clxn]
Aoxf]l//x]sf] qf;bLsf] l5§} cGTo x'g] lyof] . clxn] b]zsf u|fdL0f hgtfn] h:t}
pGd'lQm jftfj/0fdf zx/L hgtf klg /dfpg] l:yltsf] :yfkgf x'g] lyof] . b]zsf] c;L
k|ltzt e"efu t dfcf]jfbLn] d'Qm u/]/ zx/L If]qdf ;d]t cfkm\gf] alnof]
pkl:ylt hgfO/x]sf] ljBdfg l:yltdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmn] xf]:6]df x};] ldnfpg] xf] eg]
b]zsf] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf nflu ;of}+ jif{b]lv afws /xb} cfPsf] g]kfnsf]
/fhtGq ;bfsf] lglDt ljbf x'g]5, o;n] ;a}nfO{ /fxt lbg]5 . hgtfk|lt slxn]
hjfkmb]xL x'g'gkg{] kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo x'g]5 .