;flxTo÷snf
ufof}+, gfRof}+, xf:of}+ /
km]l/ gfRb} labfO eof}+
;fu/
k'g du/
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf]
ofqf nfdf] 5 . To:t} clglZrt klg slxn] lxdfn, slxn] t/fO{, slxn] kxf8 slxn] a];L,
To:t} sf] sltv]/ sxf“ s] x'g] xf], s;n] slta]nf cfGbf]ngdf alnbfgsf] sf]6f
k"/f ug'{kg]{ xf] Tof] klg yfxf 5}g\ . h]xf]; ;du|df eGg'kbf{ gof“ ;dfh
lgdf{0f ug]{ dxfg\ ofqf ;/n, ;xh 5}g\ . Tof] w]/} 3'DtL–df]8x?nfO{ kf/ ub}{
nIodf k'Ub5 . To:t} ofqfdf s[ofzLn dWosdf08 cGtu{t ljz]if IF]qdf sfo{/t lr/kl/lrt
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ …k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/Ú klg cfºgf] :yfkgfsfnaf6} ;'Gb/
;+:s[lt lgdf{0f ug]{ ulj{nf kfOnf rfln/x]sf] 5 . hnhnf, l;:g] s'df/jsf] j:tL
x'“b} slxn] /fKtLsf] clj/n k|jfx;“u} hgtf Jo'emfp“b}, lemd|'s ln:g]sf]
syfJoyf qmflGtsf] dfnfdf pGb} slxn] wf}nflu/Lsf] 5xf/Lsf] sfnL u08sL / af9u8Lsf]
9fn em}+ pln{b} d'lQm ;Gb]z af]s]/ dxf;fu/df k'Ug / ljhosf] /ftf] em08f ;u/dfyfsf]
r'r'/f]df uf8\g g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;'Gb/ ;Eo ;+:s[ltsf] km'njf/Ldf ?kfGt/0f ug]{
dxfg\ sfo{df h'l6/x]sf] 5 . hxf“ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ ljrf/ k|r08kysf]
cfnf]sdf xhf/f}+ d'lQmsfdL of]4fx? 8l6/xg' ePsf] 5 . xf], ToxL d'lQm o'4sf]
ofqfdf xfdL w]/} xf“:of}+ klg w]/} /f]of}+ klg . dfgj hLjgdf ef]Ub} gef]u]sf
b'Mv–kL8f klg ef]Uof}+ 7"nf 7"nf 8/nfUbf r'gf}ltnfO{ k5fb}{ cl3
a9\of}+ . To;}n] xfd|f] ofqf slxn] /dfOnf] klg eof] . slxn] w]/} sl7g eof] lsgeg]
of] ofqf t qmflGtsf], kl/jt{gsf] / o'4sf] lyof] .
oxL
qmddf k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf] ofqf of] df};ddf ;Nofg lhNnfsf] s'df/jsf]
j:tLx?df zf/bfsf] clj/n k|jfx;“u} xhf/f}+ ;NofgL hgtfx?sf] dfemdf ;f+lutLs
ofqf cl3 a9\of] . ;NofgL e"lddf af“km'vf]nf, sf]6df}nf nufotsf w]/} :yfgx?df
eJo ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd b]vfof}+ . xfd|f] sfo{qmdsf] af/]df ha k|rf/–k|;f/
x'GYof] . ta sfo{qmd x]g{sf] lglDt hg;fu/ pln{g] ub{Yof] . jf:tjdf hgtfnfO{ slt
ljZjf; / dfof“ 5 cfºgf] snfsf/k|lt cfºgf] snf ;flxTok|lt . ;f“Rr} qmflGtsf]
uLt, jL/tfsf] syfn] el/Psf] o'4sf] ;+uLt, ad af?bsf] wdfsf / /utsf] e]n;“u
v]Ng] nfn of]4fx?sf] hLjg ufyf ;fy} /utaf6 ;fl6Psf] hgjfbL ;Qfsf] uLtx? gfrx? dg
gkg]{ t s'/} ePg .
xfd|f]
sfo{qmdsf k|:t'ltx? klg ToxL g} lyP .
lsgls xfdL hgtfsf snfsf/ xf}+ . xfd|f] uLt ;+uLt ;flxTo snfsf] ;[hgfsf] vfgL
eg]sf hgtfx? g} x'g\ . xfdL hgtfaf6 l;S5f} / hgtfnfO{ lbG5f} / km]/L hgtfdf
hfG5f}+ . oxL lg/Gt/ k|lqmofaf6 g} xfd|f] ofqf al9/x]sf] x'G5 . xf], ToxL
cleofgsf] qmddf ;Nofg lhNnfsf] hglk|o lhNnf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ æalnbfg ;f“:s[lts
kl/jf/Æ klg xfd|f] kl/jf/;+u} lx8]sf] lyof] . snfsf/x? snfsf/;+u} xft]dfnf] ub}{
lx8\g kfp“bf xfdL ;a}df gof“ hf]z hf“u/ ;fy} gf}nf] cg'e"lt ePsf]
lyof] . olt dfq} sxf“ xf] / lhNnfsf k|To]s Pl/ofsf sfo{stf{x?;“u klg xfd|f]
;fd"lxs ofqf ePsf] lyof] .
cleofgsf]
qmddf sfo{qmd b]vfpb} hfg] a]nfdf Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf] ;Nofg lhNnfsf] ax'rlr{t ahf/df
sfo{qmd b]vfpg] of]hgfsf ;fy xfdL ToxL ahf/sf] glhs} k'Uof}+ . lbp“;}b]lv ;f“:s[lts
sfo{qmdsf] k|rf/–k|;f/df ;fyLx? nfUg' ePsf] lyof] . Tof] sfddf xfd|f] 6Ldaf6
klg ylkof}+ / k|rf/ sfo{nfO{ 3gLe"t kf¥of}+ . xfdL xfd|f] cfGtl/s tof/Ltkm{
nfUof}+ . ptf ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;fyLx?n] dGr tof/ kfb}{ x'g'x'GYof] .
sfo{qmdsf] k|rf/ ePsf] sf/0f rf/}lt/ gof“ xnrn k}bf ePsf] lyof] . ToxL cfwf/df
/x]/ xfdL snfsf/x? klg gof“ 9+uaf6 sfo{qmd b]vfpg] of]hgfsf tof/Ldf a:of}+ .
km]l/ ToxL lbgsf] cufl8 s/La @%) hgf eGbf a9L xTof/f] 1fg]sf ef8fsf zfxL 5fp/fx?
ToxL ahf/df cfP/ uPsf lyP . To;s} ef]lnkN6 xfdL ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd b]vfp“b}
lyof}+ .
ha
;"o{sf] ls/0f lj:tf/} klZrd s'dfvsf] sfvdf x/fp“b} lyof] . glhs}sf] zf/bf
gbLsf] k|jfx cfºg} utLdf alu/x]sf]
lyof] . pm cfºgf] uGtJodf k'Ug cft'/ lyof] . To:t} xfdL klg xfd|f] sfo{qmdsf]
tof/Ldf lg/Gt/ ultdf nfu]sf lyof}+ . ;don] lj:tf/} lj:tf/} cfºg} j}z eb}{ cWof/f]df
kl/0ft eO/x]sf] lyof] . ToxL a]nfdf d];af6 vfgf vfg] hfgsf/L cfof] / xfdL ;a}n]
vfgf vfof}+ . d];df klg a"9fa"9L dlxnf lbbL alxgLx? xfdLnfO{ /fd|f]
dL7f] vfgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] . hgtf, g]tf, sfo{stf{ / ;xof]4f sd/]8x?sf] ckf/
dfofsf] ;fu/n] xfdLnfO{ df]lxt kf/]sf] lyof] . ToxL ckf/ dfofsf] ef/ ltg]{ cfQ'/sf
;fy ;f+lults sf]z]nLsf] ef/L af]s]/ ;}Go kmd]{zgdf a;]/ v/Laf]6 ahf/df uof}+ .
hgtfx?sf]
pkl:yltn] sfo{qmd vrfvr el/Psf] lyof] . xfdL l56f] l56f] sfo{qmd ;]6 u/]/ ;f“:s[lts
sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jft ul/of] . sfo{qmdsf] ;'?df To; Pl/ofsf] kf6L{ sldl6n] xfd|f] kl/jf/nfO{
:jfut clegGbg u¥of] . @@ hgf snfsf/x?nfO{ dGrdf af]nfP/ dGrdf kmd]{zgdf pleP/
To; Pl/of kf6L{sf] :jfutnfO{ u|x0f u¥of}+ . @@ hgf snfsf/x? dGrdf 8]«;j4
plePsf] b]Vbf g} ;a} bz{sx?df gof“ hf]z, pT;'stf, gof“ t/+u k}bf ePsf]
b]lvGYof] . :jfut sfo{qmd l;l4;s]kl5 ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd ljlwjt ?kdf cl3 a9\of]
. hf]lznf–hf]lznf g[Tox?, uLt ;+uLtx?n] ;a}sf] dg lhTg ;kmn eof}+ . …yjfªsL
cfdfÚ ck]/fsf] dGrgn] ;a} bz{sx?sf] cf“vf /;fOlbof], efjgf / ljrf/sf] ulx/fO{df
k'/fO{ lbof] . To;}u/L Aoª\UofTds k|x;gn] ;a}nfO{ k]6 ldlrldlr x;fof] . h;af6
k'/fgf] kmf;LjfbL ;Qfsf] c;nL rl/q hgtf;fd' 5n{¨ eof] . To:t} csf]{ nf]slk|o
k|:t'lt lyof] . Tof] xf] qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL ufOg] bfOsf] ;f/+uLsf] ;'l/nf] w'g .
w'g ;lxtsf] cToGt /f]rs / k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ 3f]rs klg x'g] Pp6f uLt lyof] . h'g
uLtn] ;a} bz{sx?nfO{ x“;fpg ;SYof], grfpg ;SYof], p4]lnt agfpg ;SYof] hj ufOg]
bfO ;f/+uLsf] ;'l/nf] w'g /]6\b} æbfªsf] au/ x'“b}5 hLt xfd|f] lrGtf gu/Æ
eg]/ ;'l/nf] unfdf uLt ufpg yfNg'x'G5 . tj ;a} xlif{t d'b|fdf tfnL ahfO/x]sf
x'Gy] TolQs}df To; lhNnfsf ;]qm]6/L s=c?0f To;} Pl/ofsf OGrfh{ s=Pndfg ahf/
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;lrj ledaxfb'/, alnbfg ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf s=k|j]z, s=ljj;
ofqL, ljgo nufotsf ;a} sd/]8x? ;f/+uL uLtsf] tfndf gfRg yfNg' x'G5 tj ;a} bz{sx?
klg cf–cfºg} 7fp“af6 p7]/ gf“Rg yfN5g\ ;a} bz{s g} gf“Rg yfn]kl5
Tolta]nf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] v'zL pdªsf], pbfQ efjsf] cleJolQm ToxL ePsf] lyof] .
xfd|f] sfo{qmd ljb|f]xsf] r]tgf ;a} bz{sdf el/lbPsf] cg'e"lt xfdLnfO{ ePsf]
lyof] . Tolt g} a]nf k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;a} snfsf/ sd/]8x? ;a} cf–cfºgf]
emf]nL t'Daf af]s]/ n:s/} ;}Go kmd]{zgdf d~rdf cfP/ gf“Rg yfNof}+ / Tolta]nfsf]
l:yltn] g} hfgsf/L u/fp“bYof] ls cj ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd ;lsb}5 eg]/ hj Tof] ;a}sf]
dg em+s[t kfg]{ ;f/+uL uLt l;l4of] Tof] ;“u} xfd|f] s/La #÷$ 306fsf] ;f“:s[lts
sfo{qmd klg l;l4Psf] 3f]if0ff pb\3f]ifsaf6 eof] .
sfo{qmd
t l;l4of] t/ hgtfx?n] eg] cfºgf] 7fp“af6 p7\g dflg/x]sf lyPgg\ . s/La #÷$
306f;Dd Toxf“sf dxfg\ hgtfx?;“u enfs';f/L u¥of}+, gfRof}+, ufof}+, /f]of}+
xf:of}+ /dfof}+, To;}sf/0f hgtfx? cem} hgsnf ;+uLtnfO{ x]g{ rfxGy] t/ s] ug]{ ;dosf]
ult s;}n] /f]s]/ /f]Sg ;lsb}g /x]5 of] t cfºg} /ºtf/df cl3 ldngkl5 lj5f]8
clgjfo{ 5 of] lj1fgsf] csf6\o lgod xf] .
ca
eg] xfdL Toxf“sf] Pl/ofsf sd/]8x? / Toxf“ hgtfx?;+u ljbfO x'“b} lyof}+ .
ljbfO sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+rfng ug{ ACS s=k|eft
xftdf dfOqmf]kmf]g lnP/ d~rdf pleg' eof] / xfdL ;a} snfsf/x?nfO{ labfOsf] lglDt
Ps÷Ps u/]/ d~rdf af]nfpg' eof] . ToxL g} a]nf alnbfg ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] aflx/af6
;'l/nf] w'g ahfO/x]sf] lyof] . xfdL ;a} d~rdf k+lQmj4 eP/ pleof}+ . clg To; Pl/ofsf
O~rfh{ sd/]8 Pndfgn] xfdLx?nfO{ zxLbsf] /ftf] /utsf] k|lts /ftf] 6Lsfsf ;fy}
labfOsf ;Demgfsf /lQmd pkxf/x? lbb} xfdLx?nfO{ labfO ug'{eof] . xfdL eg] km]/L
klg o:t} sfo{qmd ;lxt e]6 x'g] ;'Gb/ afrfsf ;fy labfO eO/x]sf lyof}+ . olts}df
km]/L gfRg] sfo{sf] pb\3f6g ul/xfNof}+ / ;a} tfndf tfn ldnfp“b} ;a} labfOsf]
IF0fdf Toxf“sf] qmflGtsf/L hgtf, kf6L{ sfo{stf{, snfsf/, ;]gf ;a} ufp“b},
gf“Rb} Tof] d~raf6 labfO eof}+ . o;/L Tof] P]ltxfl;s e"ld hxf“sf]
P]ltxfl;s sfo{qmd / labfOsf] If0f cfh d]/f] dfg;k6ndf lkmNd em}+ 3'ld/xG5 . /,
;DemG5' Tof] IF0f slxNo} ge'Ng] Oltxf; ePsf] 5 . hxf“ xfdLx? xhf/f}+ hgtfx?sf]
aLrdf ufof}+, gfRof}+, xf“:of}+ / km]l/ gfRb} ufp“b} labfO eof}+ .