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cjflsg, cWoIf, qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{{ -;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf_
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dfG5]x? h;n] eGg] u/]sf 5g\ ls pgLx? Pp6f ;d"xn] csf]{dfly bjbjf ug]{ l:ylt
gePsf] ;dfh rfxG5g\\ / pgLx? o:tf] ;dfh s'g} g]tf ljgf g} t'?Gt cl:tTjdf Nofpg
klg rfxG5g\\ Pp6f ljlrqsf] Jo+Uo oxf s] x'G5 eg] pgLx?sf] sfo{qmd / sfo{lbzfn]
7Ls ljk/Lt lbzfdf pgLx?nfO{ n}hfg] 5 hf] pgLx?n] eGg] u/]sf 5g\ / rfxg] klg
u/]sf 5g\\ . o;n] 7Ls Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ af“sL dfG5]x?nfO{ bjfpg] tyf Zff]if0f
ug]{ cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] 5, / oxf csf]{ Jo+Uo of] x'G5 ls of] ;d"xn] tL
dfG5]x?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ 5 / of To:t} dfG5]x?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ 5, lsgeg] of] ;dfh
rnfpgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;a} lrhx?;+u ltg} dfG5]x? lr/–kl/lrt x'g] 5g\\ ha ls
cGo tdfd dflg;x?nfO{ aflx/} jGbL ?kdf /flvPsf] x'g]5 . oL ;f/f rLhx?sf af/]df ;f]Rg'xf];\
h;nfO{ xfdLn] u|x0f ug'{kg]{ 5, o; k|sf/sf ;d:ofx? h;sf] d'sfljnf ug'{ kg]{5 /
qmflGtsf] klxnf] r/0fdf To;nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug'{kg]{ 5, / ;dfhdf zf;g ug]{ dfq geP/
To;df lg/+t/ nflu/xg' kg]{ dfq xf]Og ls cfd hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu tyf ljZjqmflGtsf]
lxtsf] nflu To;nfO{ k"0f{?kn] gof“sf] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ 5 . oL ;f/f / o;
k|sf/sf rLhx?df d}n] of] 5nkmnsf] bf}/fgdf /fv]sf] 5' . oL ;f/f rLhx?df cfjZos
kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx?;+u le8\g, Pp6f vf; ;d:ofsf] s'/fdfq xf]Og, ;d:ofsf] tyf
cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] ulx/fO{df hfgsf nflu / ltgLx?sf] ;dfwfg kfpgsf nflu Pp6f j}1flgs
ljlw tyf Pp6f ;dembf/Lsf] cfjZos k5{ . To;df s]jn sDo'lgi6, ef}ltsjfbL tyf åGbfTds
ljZj b[li6sf]0fn] tyf ljlwn] dfq sfd ug{ ;lsG5, h;sf af/]df d}n] 5nkmn ul/;s]sf]
5' . hg;d'bfon] oL ;f/f s'/fx?nfO{ lng]5g\ / pM ;dfhsf] x/]s kf6{k"hf{x?df
tyf ;dfh / ;du| ljZjs} ;Dk"0f{ Ifqdf lgk"0f aGg]5 . t/ To;f] ug{sf
nflu ha xfdLn] xfd|f] sfd ;of}+ jif{b]lvsf] k"hLjfbL zf]if0f / xhf/f}
jif{sf] pTkL8g, / pTkL8gd"ns k/Dk/fsf] d[t jhg ;lxtsf] of] ;du| lj/f;t tyf
k/Dk/faf6 ;'? u5f}{ — To;af6 d'Qm x'g ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj / ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
cu|b:tf kf6L{{sf] g]t[Tjsf] cfjZostf k5{ / s]jn To;n] dfq o;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb5
. of] dfq o:tf] rLh xf] h;n] cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ a9LeGbf a9L ;r]tk"0f{ tyf
cfTdljZjf;k"0f{ tl/sfn] ljifonfO{ lng] / ;dfhsf x/]s If]qdf ljho xfl;n ug]{
/ hxf““ ;a} hg;d'bfon] ;dfg cfwf/df To;f] ug{ ;S5g\\ Tof] lbzflt/ lglb{i6 eP/
cufl8 a9\g lg/Gt/tf lbg] agfpg ;Sb5 . of] ljgf / olb Tof] hg;d'bfo hf] of]
k|lqmofaf6 al~rt ul/Psf] 5 To;nfO{ cs:dft ug'{;, tkfO{ x/]s If]qdf ;dfg ?kn] efu
lng ;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{n] lj1fg cWofkg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{n] lrlsT;f lj1fgsf] sfd ug{
;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{ d];Lg rnfpg ;Sg' x'G5, tkfO{ ;Dk"0f{ cy{Joj:yf agfpg
;Sg'x'G5 tkfO{ bz{g n]Vg ;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{ ;/sf/ anfpg ;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{nfO{ oxf
/f]s6f]s ug]{ ca sf]xL 5}g elgof] eg], olb oxL s'/f dfq elgof] eg] cg'dfg ug'{x'G5
pgn] s] eGnfg < tkfO{ s] j]sf/sf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 < d of] ;f/f rLh s]xL klg
ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] 5g\\\ . / To;f]eGbf pgLx? ;xL x'g] 5g\\\ . pgLx? /L;fpg] 5g\\ /
xtf]T;flxt tyf lg?T;flxt x'g]5g\\ lsgeg] o:tf sfdx? s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f pgLx?nfO{
yfxf x'b}g / pgLx?n] h;n] o:tf sfd ug{sf nflu k'/fgf] ;dfhdf df}sfx? tyf
ljz]zflwsf/sf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf 5g\\ / ltgLx?;+u sf+6 nfUg ;Sg] 5}gg . pgLx?
cfkm}n] o:tf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg . t/ pgLx?sf] cu|b:tfsf] g]t[Tjdf pgLx? of] ;a
sfd l;Sg / ufg{sf nflu ;Ifd x'g] 5g\\ . oL sfdx?df a9LeGbf a9L k"0f{?kn] ;xeflu
x'g ;kmn x'g]5g\\ . /, pgLx? of] Ifqdf bIf tyf ljz]z1x? nufot c?nfO{ ;d]t g]t[Tj
ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\\ . o;/L ls Toxf““ s'g} bdg u/]/ xf]Og ls phfu/ u/]/, Toxf“
s'g} ps';d's';sf] l:ylt kf/]/ xf]Og ls o:tf ljz]if1 tyf bIfx?sf] kxnsbdL / >[hgzLntfsf]
phfu/ u/]/ pgLx?n] of] sfd ug]{ 5g\\\ . /, To;n] pgLx?sf] cg'ejx?nfO{ ;du| ;dfh
/ dfgj hfltsf] kmfObfsf] lglDt k|of]u ug{ l;sfof] . of] cfd hg;d'bfo xf] / rfx]
Tof] hlt;'s} nugzLn / axfb'/ lsg gxf];\, s]jn d'6\7Le/ dfG5] dfq xf]Og, h;n]
Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ub{5 . / ;du|df, h'g vfnsf] qmflGt ;du| ;dfhnfO{ / ljZjnfO{ g}
kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu / o:tf] kl/l:yltsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu hxf““ cfd hg;d'bfo
zf]lift pTkLl8t /x]sf] x'G5, To:tf] qmflGtdf hg;d'bfosf] cem a9L ;r]t
e"ldsfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . t/ km]l/ klg, of] ;f“lRrs} x'gsf nlu
hg;d'bfonfO{ g]t'Tj, sDo'lgi6 cu|b:tfsf] g]t'Tjsf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'G5 . d}n] sfn{
l8S;;+usf] cGt/jf{tf{df hf]8 lbP h:t} sf]xL klg hgtfsf] gfddf lbge/ klg af]Ng
;S5, hgtfs} gddf of c? dfG5]sf] gfddf lbge/ g]t[Tjsf lj?4df klg af]Ng ;S5 . t/
olb xfdLn] g]t[Tjsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;f“lRrs} lrGg ;Sb}gf} eg] / jf:tjdf of]
cfjZostfn] o; ;dfhdf h;nfO{ xfdL pN6\ofpg / ?kfGt/ ug{ vf]lh/x]sf 5f}–vf; cGt/lj/f]wsf]
jxfj ul/lbg] x'gfn], ta xfdL hg;d'bfonfO{ k"0f?kn] ;dLs/0faf6 aflx/
/flvlbG5f} / Toxf“ s'g} qmflGt x'g] jfnf 5}g, / lglZrt ?kn] Tof] qmflGt
x'g]jfnf 5}g h;n] ljzfn hg;d'bfosf] d'lQmnfO{ g]t[Tj ub{5 . sDo'lgi6
cu|b:tf ljgf, xfdLn] s'g} tl/sfn] qmflGt e}xfNnf eg]/ sNkgf g} u/Lof] eg] klg
Tof] oyfy{df To:tf] x'g]jfnf 5}g . km]l/ klg, xfdL;+u} cfO/xg] ljzfn c;dfgtfsf ;Gbe{df,
xfdLn] km]l/ o:tf] kl/l:ylt kfpg] 5f} hxf“ tL dfG5]x? hf] klxn] ;dfhsf] tNnf]
txdf lyP pgLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ km]l/ Psrf]6L ToxL tNnf] txdf kfpg] 5g\\\, /
pgLx?sf] hLjg o:tf] kl/l:yltsf] ;fy;fy rNg] 5 ls pgLx?sf jl/kl/ ljz]if ;'ljwf
k|fKt / ljz]if kmfObf k|fKt dflnsx? tyf ;/bf/x?n] 3]l/Psf] cj:yf x'g]5 . /, cyjf,
xfdLn] o:tf] kl/l:ylt klg kfpg ;Sg] 5f} hxf“ l/; / cfqmf];sf sf/0f hf] ;dfhsf]
tNnf] txdf /x]sf dflg;x? 5g\\ ltgn] pgLx?nfO{ OGsf/ ug]{ hf]s;}sf lj?4 klg, en}
pgLx?n] df]rf{a4 ug'{kg]{ dfG5]x? g} lsg gx'g\, sf lj?4, tyfgfd x8\tfn ug]{5g\ .
h'g;'s} cj:yfdf eP klg, xfdLn] l56\6} zf]if0f / pTkL8gdf cfwfl/t ;dfh kms]{sf]
kfpg] 5f} . of] s]jn cu|b:tfsf] g]t[Tjaf6 dfq, ;fDojfbL b[li6sf]0f / ljlwsf]
k|of]udf cfwfl/t /x]/ o:tf ;d:ofx? tyf cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] kl/rfng tyf 7Ls 9+un] ;dfwfg
ug{ ;lsG5 . tfls kl/l:yltnfO{ o:tf] cj:yfdf Nofpg ;lsG5, hxf““ ;j{xf/f ju{n]
cfkmgf ;xof]lusf ;fy oyfy{df ;dfhdf cTolws jx'dt agfP/ jf:tjd} qmflGts[t ul/Psf]
;dfhdf zfifg ub{5, / hxf““ k'/fgf ;dfhsf cjz]ifsf ?kdf /x]sf c;dfgtfx?nfO{
o; k|sf/n] ;dfwfg ub{5 ls a9LeGbf a9L tyf jx'dt hg;d'bfon] To;nfO{ c+uLsf/
ub{5g\ / To;n] ;r]t Pj+ :j]R5fn] of] qmflGtsf/L k|s[ofnfO{ cufl8 a9fp“5g\ /
h;n] cGttM dfgjhfltsf] k"0f{d'lQmsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ zf]if0f pTkL8gsf
;DjGwaf6 5'6fP/ cufl8 n}hfg] 5 . ;fy;fy}, qmflGtsf] sDo'lgi6 cu|b:tfsf] g]t[Tjdf
qmflGtsf] ljsf;sf] k|s[ofdf oL c;dfgtfx?/nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ xfdL Tof] ;+;f/tkm{
k'Ugsf nflu cufl8 al9/xg] 5f} hxf““ cGttM s'g} cu|b:tfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ 5}g
. Toxf““ o:tf] kl/l:ylt klg w]/} /xg] 5}g hxf““ s]xLn] lbdfuL sfd ug]{5g\
hj ls s]xLnfO{ o;/L sfd u/fOg] 5 ls pgLx?sf 9f8x? bf]lj|g] 5g\ / df;' uNg] 5g\\
/ y'k}| dfG5]x? kLl8t x'g]5g\ / y'k|}n] ef]sd/L / d[To'sf] ;d]t ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{5
lsg ls pgLx?n] Toxf“ sfd kfpg ;Sb}gg\ . Toxf“ o:tf] kl/l:ylt klg w]/} ;do;Dd
/xg] 5}g hxf““ s]xLn] g]t[Tj ug]{5g\ / jx';+Vosx?n] ltgsf] g]t[Tj :jLsfg'{
kg]{5 . hxf““ ;fgf] u'6n] lg0f{o ug]{5 / c? ;f/fn] To;nfO{ k5\ofpg' kg]{5 .
/, ha xfdL Tof] l:yltdf k'U5f}+ hxf“ of] ;asf] s'g} cfjZos kg]{5}g, Tolta]nf
x/]s laGb'df b]lvg] oL c;dfgtfx?nfO{ ;Dej eP hlt ;Defjgfsf aLr ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu
eg]/, s'g} k|sf/sf] klg cu|b:tf kf6L{{ tyf /fHo;Qf of clwgfosTjsf] s'g} cfjZostf
kg]{5}g / hf] df6f] pgLx?sf lglDt x'g]5 Tof] cGt;Dd / k"0f{?kn] hf]tvg ul/;lsPsf]
x'g]5—Tof] nIodf k'Ug' g} cyjf cu|b:tfn] Tof] qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug'{g} xfd|f]
qmflGtsf] d'Vo nIo xf] . of] dxTjk"0f{ k|zgdf km]l/ Psrf]6L hf]8 lbg'kbf{,
of] qmflGtnfO{ ;fDojfbsf] nIo;Dd k'¥ofpg cufl8 a9fpg' eg]sf]] ;dfhjfbsf ;d:ofx?
tyf cGt/lj/f]wx?, ;fDojfbdf ul/g] ;+qmd0fsf ?kdf r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug]{ s'/f xf]
h'g d}n] of] 5nkmnel/ rrf{ u/]s] 5' . of] lbdfudf /fVg agfO/fVg] s'/f klg xf] ls
xfd|f] ju{ / xfd|f] qmflGtn] s] k|FKt u/\of], h'g rLh xfdLn] ;dfhdf Nofof}+ Tof]
klxn] slxNo} cl:tTjdf lyPg . of] t uNtL / sdhf]/Lx?af6 tyf ct'ngLo pknJwLx?af6
kf7 l;Sg] k|s[of xf] . xfdLn] w]/} s'/f l;Sg' 5 / w]/} s'/f ug{'5 . xfdLn]
ubf{ub}{ y'k|} s'/fx? l;Sg'5 / l;Sbfl;Sb} y'k|} s'/fx? ug'{5 . ;f/f ljZj lhTgsf
nflu 5, / qmflGtsf] cl3kl5sf] k|s[ofåf/f To;nfO{ ?kfGtl/t ug'{5, / 7Ls To;}u/L,
k"0f{?kn] qmflGt s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f klg l;Sg' kg]{5 . xf], Toxf“ vt/f
klg 5 . Pp6f vt/f hf] ;fDojfbdf ljZjJofkL ?kdf gk'Ubf;Dd /lx/xg] vt/f, Tof] vt/f
Tof] cu|b:tf ljk/Lt ju{df ablng] vt/f . Pp6f cu|b:tf h;n] cfd dfgj ;d'bfosf]
d'lQmsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] lyof] cu|zlQm x'gaf6 k5fl8 kms{g] vt/f, Pp6f gof“
zf]ifssf] ?kdf jblng ;Sg] vt/f h;n] hg;d'bfodfly zf;g yf]k5{, / hgtfnfO{ km]l/
k"“hLjfbL af6f]d} kmsf{pg] of o;sf] g/sleq k'¥ofOlbg] vt/f . t/ s'g}
cu|b:tf ljgf qmflGtsf s]xL s[ofsnfkx? gug]{ k|of; ug{'g} o; vt/f;+u h'Wg] Ps tl/sf
xf] . cfd hg;d'bfosf] lglDt cTofjZos of] lhDd]jf/Laf6 kG5g' eg]sf]] ;Dk"0f{
?kn] zf]if0f, bdg / k"+hLjfbsf] cGTosf nflu—hgtfnfO{ Tof] :jtGq x'g]
df}sfaf6 7Ug' x'g]5 . xf]Og, o;sf] ;dfwfg eg]sf] ;dfhdf ljBdfg cfly{s / ;fdflhs
;DjGwx?sf] ?kfGt/0f ug'{ xf], /fhgLlts ;+:yf / o;sf ;+/rgfx? / ;fdflhs wf/0ffx?
h;n] ;dfhdfly zfifg u/]sf] x'G5, To;nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{' xf], zf]if0f pTkL8gsf h/fx?nfO{
h/}b]lv pv]nL kmfNg' / o:tf h/fx?nfO{ ;+;f/af6} pGd'ng ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/feGbf sd
g;f]Rg' klg xf] . of] g} d'lQmsf nflu nl8/x]sf / d'lQm vf]lh/x]sf ;du| d'lQmsfdL
hgtfsf nflu dfu{lgb]{zg x'g'kb{5 . of] g} / of]eGbf /lQe/ sd gx'g] u/L xfd|f]
a9\bf] hg;d'bfosf] / sDo'lgi6 cu|b:tfsf] nIo x'g'kb{5 . h:tf] d}n] klxn] eg] h:t},
kf6L{{n] hgtfsf] g]t[Tj s]jn ;Qf sJhf ug{sf nflu dfq xf]Og / ;dfhjfbL af6f] x'b}
;fDojfbL ;dfhdf hfgsf nflu dfq xf]Og, t/ ;dfhjfbL ;dfhleq kf6L{{ ;Qfdf /x]sf]
kf6L{{ x'g'k5{ / ;Qfleq d'lQmsf] k"0f{tfdf c8\rg k}bf ug]{ s'g} klg efu;+u
;+3if{ ug]{ of] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] cu|b:tf klg x'g'kb{5 . o;n] ;fy;fy}
qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu klg hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ul//xg' kb{5, t kf6L{{ cfkm}n]
of] ;dfhel/ / ljZjJofkL ?kdf qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] qmddf cfkm"nfO{ klg
qmflGtsf/Ls/0f ub}{ n}hfg' kb{5 . o;n] cu|b:tfsf] e"ldsf lgjfx ug]{ eP klg
kf6L{{n] xd]zf lbdfudf /fVg'k5{ ls / cu|b:tfnfO{ eljiotkm{ r/0fa4 ?kdf g]t[Tj ug'{kb{5
hxf“ hgtf :jo+n] k"0f{?kn] ;a} lhDd]jf/Lx? cfkm}n] lng] 5g\\ hxf“
kf6L{{n] cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s ljz]if e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 . Tof]
eljiotkm{ hxf“ o:tf] l:yltdf ls ;du| ;dfhn] o;sf] cfwf/ / nufjnfO{ k"/}
dfgljotfsf] lxtsf nflu ;dfhsf] ljsf; ug]{ k|zf;gsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5, cGttM
Tolta]nf s'g} cu|b:tf kf6L{{sf] cfjZostf kg]{5}g / o;sf] cl:tTj x/fpg] 5 . of]
prfO xfl;n gu/];Dd, of t kf6L{{sf] e"ldsfnfO{ sdhf]/ kg'{ cyjf csf]{tkm{,
kf6L{{ :jo+ Pp6f pTkL8s zlQmsf ?kdf ablng ;Sg] vt/fnfO{ klxrfg ug{ / To;sf lj?4
;+3if{ ug{ g;Sg', oL b'a} dWo] Pp6fn] of t qmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg]5 of sy+sbflrt
qmflGt ;DkGg ePs} eP klg To;nfO{ u'dfpgsf nflu sf/s tTj aGg]5 . o;df ;dflji6 kl/rfngsf]
k|Zg w]/} hl6n cGt/lj/f]wk"0f{ x'g]5g\\ ls h;nfO{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{
r'gf}lt xf] eg]/ dfGg'kb{5, hlt–hlt kf6L{{sf] ljsf; x'“b} u5{ / o;sf]
cu|b:tfsf] e"ldsfdf hlt–hlt of] dha"t x“'b} u5{ To;sf r'gf}ltx?
Kflg TolQs} u+eL/ x'+b} hfG5g\ / cfd hg;d'bfo;+usf r'gf}ltx? cem u+eL/ x'g] 5g\\
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r'gf}ltnfO{ klxrfg ug{ / ;r]tk"0f{ ?kn] kf6L{{sf ;fy–;fy nfu]/ To;sf la?4
;+3if{ ug'{af6 g} qmflGt ;DkGg ub}{ / ;dfhjfbaf6 cufl8 a9\b} ;fDojfbdf hfg
;lsg]5 .
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;+3if{df s'g} klg 7f+p ljz]if,
d'n's
laz]ifsf hgtf PSn} 5}gg\ . d}n] klxn] g} eg]em} ;j{xf/f eg]sf] Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o
ju{ xf] . ljZjel/sf c/jf}+ zf]lift kLl8t hgtfx? ljutdf slxNo} gePsf]eGbf clxn]
a9L glhs x'g jfWo ePsf 5g\\ . oxf“;Dd ls xfdLdfly zf;g ug]{x?n] klg xfdLdfly
ljefhg Nofpg / k|e'Tj hdfpg sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;Dojfbsf nflu x'g] qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ng cfwf/e"t / dxTjk"0f ?kn] ljZjJoflk ;+3if{ xf] . /, o;n] ;fDojfbnfO{
bx|f] zlQm k|bfg ub{5 . Pp6f xf:o:kb cj:yfsf] af/]df ;f]Rg'xf];\, h'g oxL ljZjdf
e}/x]sf] 5, / o;/L of] ljeflht ePsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, ljZjsf] Pp6f efu xfdLn]
ev/} O/fsdf o'4 b]Vof}, 6sL{ hf] o;sf] pQ/L efudf cjl:yt 5, To;n] o"km]/]6\;
gbLdf jf+w xflnlbPsf] 5 . /, o;n] O/fs / l;l/ofsf uf+pj:tLx?df 7'nf] xfgL k'¥ofO/x]sf]
5 . kfgLdfly ePsf] of] tgfj, tL ;a} l5d]sL b]zx?sf aLrsf] tgfj h;dfly eP/ Tof]
gbL au]sf] 5, To;df s]jn Pp6f b]zn] dfq jf“w jgfOlbPsf] 5 / ;f/f gbLnfO{ Psflt/
df]l8lbPsf] 5 . oL b]zsf ;j} hgtfx? ;+ul7t eP/ ;a} hgtfsf] lxtdf kfgLsf] ;b'kof]u
ug]{ pQd tl/sf s] x'g ;Snf eGg] ;Gbe{df cjwf/0ff agfpg'sf] ;6\6f / pgLx?sf] cfkm\gf]
lxtnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg'sf] ;6\6f xfdL;+u o;k|sf/sf] åGb sfod /x]s} 5, ljleGg gbL
gfnfx?nfO{ ljleGg /fHox?n] ljleGg :jfy{df of] of Tof] vf; JolQm of ;d"xsf]
of of] of Tof] k"hLjfbL ;d"xsf] :jy{ / lxtdf k|of]u ug{ sf]lz; ub}{
lgoGq0f u/]sf 5g\\ .
oL ;j} s'/fx?n] lbdfunfO{ emSemSof“p5 / rLhx?nfO cToGt} k|i6 kfb{5 ls ;fDojfbsf]
;+;f/df x'g] eljiosf] ;dfh s:tf] xf]nf aGg] af/]df sfn{ dfS;{n] eGg' ePh:t}
;+;f/sf ljleGg 7fp“x?sf s]xL efux?df s]xL dflg;x?n] clwg:t ug]{ ljrf/ Toltj]nf
olQs} xf:of;kb b]lvg]5g\\ h:tf] PsdfG5]n] csf]{dfly :jfldTj ug]{ s'f/f cfh
xf:of:kb b]lvG5g\ . To;}n] ubf{ xfd|f] ;+3if{ Ps cGt/f{li6«o ;+3if{ xf] . ;fDojfbsf]
clGtd nIodf k'Ugsf nflu ;j} d'n'ssf] qmflGtsf/L ;j{xf/f / o;sf] cu|b:tfn] ;j{xf/fjfbL
cGt/{fli6«otfjfbsf l;4fGtx?nfO{ nfu" ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] tfTko{ of] xf] ls ;du|
qmflGtsf/L bfloTjnfO{ cGt//fli6«o ?kdf / ljZje/s} ;Gbe{df s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg]
ljifoaf6 cufl8 j9\g' kb{5 . s'g} vf; d'n'sdf qmflGtsf nflu ;+3if{ hf] cfkm}+df
clt dxTjk"0f{ 5 To;nfO{ xd];f ;du| ljZjqmflGtsf] efusf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{kb{5
. ;j{xf/f cfkm\gf ;xof]lusf ;fy h'g;'s} s'gfdf qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ / ;Qfdf cfpg ;kmn
lsg gxf];\, o;n] cfkm'n] h'g ;Qf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 To;sf] k|lt/Iff ug]{ dfq xf]Og
ls, o;n] Tof] vf; d'n'ssf] qmflGtnfO{ k"0f{?kn] ?kfGt/0f dfq ug]{ xf]Og ls,
Tof]eGbf dfly o;n] gof“ ;dfhjfbL ;dfhnfO{ ljZjqmflGtsf] cfwf/ Onfsfsf] ?kdf
ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 h'g Pp6f gd"gf / rlDsnf] ls/0fdfq geP/ ljZjJofkL qmflGtsf/L
;3if{sf nflu ;dy{gsf] of]6f 7f]; >f]tsf] ?kdf klg of ljsf; x'g' kb{5 . cfh
cGt//fli6«otfjfbL ;j{xf/fju{sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;+ul7t ?kg} cGt//fli6«otfjfbL
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng -/Ld_ xf] h;n] ljZjsf dxTjk"0f{ / /0fg}lts efux? h:t}
g]kfn, ef/t, O/fg, t'sL{, k]? / Nol6g cd]l/sL d'n'sx?sf cGo b]zx?sf dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{{ tyf ;+u7gx?nfO{ PsLs[t / ;+ul7t kfb{5 . xfd|f] kf6L{{n] cGt/+/fli6«otfjfbL
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] -/Ld_ sf] ljzfn dxTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 . xfdL !(*) sf]
dWolt/ o;sf] u7g eP b]lvg} /Ldsf] c+usf ?kdf /x“b} cfPsf 5f} / xfdLn] o;
;+3if{nfO{ cem ljsl;t / bx|f] jgfp+g ug]{ of]ubfgnfO{ w]/}–w]/} pT;fx / xif{sf
;fy :jLsfb{5f}+ .
/, cem d oxf“ Pp6f s'/f k|i6 ?kdf eGg rfxG5' . oL ;a} s''/fdf ;Dj4 ;a}
ufDeLo{tfsf ;fy–;fy} xfdL s] s'/fdf w]/} ;r]t 5f}+ eg], oL bfgjx? Hg;n]
xfdLdfly xd]zf zf;g enfO /x] / ;f/f ljZjdf zf;g rnfpg vf]hL /x]sf5g\, ltgLx?n]
xfd|f] cGt//f{li6«otfjfbsf] jbnfdf xfdLnfO{ w]/} dx+uf] d"No r"sfpg
nufpg] 5g\ . To;af/] xfdLn] sbflk ulNt gu/f} . pgLx?n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\\ ls
ljZjdf s]jn pgLx?n] dfq} km]l/–km]l/ an / lx+;fsf] k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ 5 / c?
s;}nfO{ klg Tof] an / lx+;fsf] k|of]u u/]/ pTkL8gsf lj?4 pleg / qmflGt ug{ clwsf/
5}g . qmflGtsf] kIfdf pleg] hf];'s}sf nflu klg, hlt;'s} 7'n} hg;d"x sf] kl/rfng
ul/P klg cyjf hlt;'s} jx';+Vos hg;d'bfosf] ;dy{g /x]sf] eP klg pgLx?n] To; ;d"xnfO{
cft+ssf/Lsf] ljNnf le/fpg of ;+1f lbg kl5 x6b}gg\ . pgLx?n] olt;Dd eGg] sf]lz;
u5{g ls hh{ jfl;+6g / c? bf; dflnsx? h;n] qmflGt u/] Tof] g} qmflGtsf] cGTo xf]
. xf]Og, Tof] t j'h'{jf qmlGtsf] cGTo xf] / cj j'h'{jfsf] :jo+sf] cGTo x'g]
;do cfPsf] 5 . pgLx? eG5g\\ lsgeg] pgLx?;+u cfd ljgfzsf/L xltof/sf] e08f/ 5,
xTof lx+;f ug{sf nflu, pgLx?n] eG5g\ ls pgLx? h] rfxG5g\\ Tof] ;a}n] dflglbg'
k5{ . pgLx?n] rfx] hlt em'6f] af]Ng ;S5g\ / pgLx? rfxG5g\ ls ;a}n] pgLx?sf
em'6x?df ljZjfz u?g cyf :jLsf/;Dd u/L lbpg\ . pgLx? h]–h] eG5g\ c? ;an] r'krfk
;'lglbg' k5{ . 7Ls 5, t/ xfdL ltgLx?sf em'6d'6df ljZjfz ub}{gf} . xfdLx? pgLx?
h] eG5g\, Tof] klg :jLsfb}{gf} . / xfdL r'krfk a:g] klg 5}gf}+ / ltgsf kl5 nfUg]
klg 5}gf} .
g]kfnsf] cj:yfnfO x]/f}+ . Go"of]s{ 6fOD; klqsfdf b'O{ lbg klxn]
Pp6f ;fgf] kl/rosf] ?kdf w]/} rfv nfUbf] Pp6f n]v 5flkof] . d'Vo wf/ egfp“bf
;+rf/n] ljifoj:t'sf] /rgf u/]sf] s'/f w]/} rfv nfUbf] lyof] . d ;w} ljrf/ ug]{
uy]{ ls xfdL;+u s'g} k|sf/sf] 6LeL sfo{qmd x'g'k5{ —c+sn k|m8L j'h'{jf
5fkfx?nfO{ Jo:t u/L/fv — eGg], t/ h] xf];\, Tof] ljifoj:t' csf]{ rf]l6sf] nflu
xf]nf — ;f/f uGbsL s;/L gf+u]emf/ kfg]{ / pgLx?n] of] ;f/f uGbsL s;/L t}of/
u5{g eGg] s'/f o;df 5 . t/ klg Go"of]s{ 6fOD;df 5flkPsf] Tof] n]v ;f/}
b[i6fTds / rfvnfUbf] lyof] h'g rf+xL g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{{ -dfcf]jfbL_ n] cfJxfg
u/]sf] g]kfn jGbsf] jf/]df lyof] . t/ To;df h] hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] Tof] lx+;fsf]
af/]df lyof] . Toxf“ dfgf} s]xL dfG5]x? dfl/Psf] s'/f lyof], h;df pgLx?n]
dfcf]jfbLn] ltgLx?sf] xTof u/]sf] eg]/ cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . /, pgLx?n] o:tf]
jgfpg vf]h]sf lyP ls Tof] ;fdfGo dfG5] lyof] . ltgLx?n] To;nfO{ o:tf] agfpg
vf]h]sf lyP ls Tof] Pp6f cft+ssf/L ultljlw xf] . t/ Tof] n]vleq l5k]sf]
Pp6f jfSof+z lyof] of] ;f/f sfd g]kfn aGbsf a]nf ePsf] lyof] h;n] /fhwfgLnfO{ ;d]t
7Kk kf/]sf] lyof] . Psl5g\ o;af/] ;f]Rg'xf];\
t, dfcf]jfbLsf] cfx\jfgdf ePsf] g]kfn aGbdf ;f/f b]z aGb ePsf] 5, hf];+u
b]zJofkL ?kdf kmf}hL lgoGq0f 5}g, / vf;u/L sf7df8f} h:tf /fhwfgL / cGo
7fp“x?df . tyflk ;f/f b]z aGb 5, g]kfn aGbdf, o;n] xfdLnfO{ s] hgtfsf]
qmflGtk|ltsf] ;dy{g b]vfp“b}g / Tof] ;dy{g sxf 5 t < tyf of] ;f/fn]
qmflGtsf] af/]sf atfp“5 .
olb pgLx? o;nfO{ cft+sjfb xf] eG5g\ eg] tj pgLx? h] eGg] / ug]{ ub{5g\
Tof] eGbf jfx]s csf]{ cft+sjfbLsf] zflJbs dfg] cfpg ;Sb}g . of]
;+3if{ Psbd k|i6?kdf cTolws hg;d'bfosf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g k|fKt, h:tf] d}n] klxn]
5nkmn u/] h:t}, 5 . tyflk pgLx?n] To;nfO{ klg cft+ssf/Lsf] ljNnf le/fpg rfxG5g\
/ pgLx? eG5g\ ls xfd|f] kf6L{ / c?x? hf] v8f eP/ of] qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{nfO{ ;dy{g
ub{5g\, To;sf nflu ;dy{ h'6fp“5, lt ;a of t pgLx?sf] gh/df cft+ssf/L x'g\ of
cft+ssf/Lsf ;dy{sx? x'g\, / o;sf nflu pgLx?n] xfd|f] lk5f ug]]{5g\ / Tof] s'/f
xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f} . t/
xfdLjLr Pp6f k|i6 nufj x'g'kb{5 tf ls g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ rsgfr"/ kfg]{ / k/f:t
ug]{ pgLx?sf xs{tx?nfO{ xfdLn] k/f:t u/L lbg] 5f} . /, xfdL;+u o:tf] nufj
x'g'k5{ tf ls xfdLn] cGt/f{li6«otfjfbL c8fg lnPs} sf/0f, cGt/f{li6«o bfloTj
jxg u/]s} sf/0f / ztflJbof}+b]lv csygLo pTkL8gaf6 lklN;Psf / cGttM oxf+ of Toxf“+
u/L Tof] pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm x'g lab|f]xdf p7]sf ljZje/sf hgtfsf] ;dy{g u/] jfkt
xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ rsgfr"/ kfg]{ pgLx?sf] xs{tx? klg xfdLn] k/f:t ug{ ;Sg]
5f}—/ xfdLn] To;f] ubf{ v]l/ -qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf]_ ;dy{g ug{ slxNo} /f]Sg]
5}gf} . xfdL d'v{ 5}gf} . xfdLdfly cfqmd0f ug{ pgLx?nfO{ xfdLn] ;xh agfO{ lbg]
5}gf}+ . xfd|f] ;dy{g oL qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf nflu /fhg}lts ;dy{g x'g]5 . xfdLn]
o;sf nflu /fhg}lts ;dy{g agfpg] xf] . xfdLn] c?sf] s'g} hgqmflGt xf+lslbg]
sf]lz;
u/]sf xf]Ogf} j? xfdLn] cGt//f{li6«o bfloTj tyf xfd|F] cGt//f{li6«otfjfbL
PstfnfO{ a9fpgsf nflu k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}+
. of] ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ pgLx?n] xfdLdfly cfqmd0f ug{ xfdL ;lhnf] kfl/lbg] 5}gf}, t/
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ls pgLx?n] h'g;'s} xfntdf klg of] sfd u/L 5f8\g] 5g\, / xfdL
o;sf nflu tof/ /xg'k5{, / xfdLn] o;nfO{ u+eL/tfk"j{s lng'k5{, / xfdLn] oxL
s'/f lnP/ hg;d'bfo ;fd' hfg'k5{ / b]vfpg'k5{ ls pgLx?sf] jf:tljs lxt sxf“ /x]sf]
5 / To;sf] cfwf/df hgkl/rfng ug'{k5{ .
oltv]/, t]>f] ljZjsf w]/} d'n'sx?df hgo'4x? / qmflGtsf/L ;z:q ;+3if{x?
rln/x]sf 5g\ . / ljZjJofkL ?kdf k+"hLjfbL e"d08nLs/0f / ;fd|fHojfbL
o'4sf la?4 ;zQm k|lt/f]w rln/x]sf] 5 . gof“ ljsf;sf] ?kdf h;n] dxTjk"0f{
;Defjgf ;d]6]sf] 5, Tof] xf] cGt//f{li6«otfjfbL qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng -/Ld_ sf]
g]t[Tjdf ljZj hgk|lt/fw cfGbf]ng sf] lgdf{0f . of] /Ldaf6 g]t[Tj ul/Psf] Pp6f
Jofks ;+o'Qm df]rf{ xf] .
of] ;'?jft dfq xf] . o;sf ultljlwx? clxn] d'Votof o"/f]k / blIf0f
Pl;ofdf Toxf“ /x]sf dflg;x? tyf ljZjsf tdfd d'n'sx?af6 cfPsf cfk|jfzL nufotsf
dflg;x? jLrdf s]lGb|t /x]sf 5g\\ . /, o;sf] p2]Zo eg]sf] o;nfO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf
la?4 / qmflGtsf] ;dy{gdf ;+;f/sf ljleGg efux?df ljzfn hg;d'bfonfO{ / Jofks
hgzlQmnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ ;fwgsf] ?kfdf ljsf; ug'{ xf] .
-of] n]v cf/l;kLsf cWoIf cjflsgsf] …qmflGt of] lsg cfjZos 5 < of] lsg ;Dej 5 < of] ;a s]sf nflu xf] <Ú eGg] s/Lj !@ 306f nfdf] 5nkmnsf] s]xL c+z xf] ._