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s[ltdf :jo+ 36gfljgf afbnsf] r6\ofª h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . pgL To;df Pp6f PSnf]
JolQmsf] lx+;fTds sfjf{xL dfq b]Vb5g\ . pgL of] b]Vb}gg\ ls, To; JolQmdf
ljZjOltxf;df kxnsf] ce"tk"j{ j}olQms zlQmsf] pkl:ylt atfP/ pgL o;
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/fHo k|To'TIf]k0f (Coup Detat) nfO{ k"j{jtL{ P]ltxfl;s ljsf;sf] kl/0ffdsf]
?kdf k|:t't ug{] k|ofz ub{5g\ . k/Gt' /fHo k|To'TIf]k0fsf] pgsf] P]ltxfl;s
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aGb5 . 36gf ;fsf/ x'gsf k5fl8 ;fgf 7"nf cg]sf}+ sf/0f x'G5g\ .
ltgsf] rl/q b'O{ lsl;dsf] x'G5 -!_ k|wfg sf/0f / -@_ lgldQ sf/0f . k|wfg
sf/0fn] 36gfsf] cfGtl/s kIf / lgldQ sf/0fn] 36gfsf] aflx/L kIfsf] k|ltlglwTj
ub{5 . leqL / aflx/L sf/0f Pp6} ljGb'df gh'6L 36gf ;Dkfbg x'g ;Sb}g .
leqL / aflx/L -k|wfg / lgldQ_ sf/0fx? Pp6} ljGb'df h'6\g] sfo{ cfsl:ds ?kdf ;DkGg
x'G5 . kmn:j?k klxnf] b[li6df 36gf ck|Toflzt / /x:odo k|tLt x'G5 .
o;k|sf/ k}bf x'g] e|dnfO{ hLljt /fVg k|ltlqmofjfbL / cj;/jfbLx? nuftf/ k|oTg ul//xG5g\ .
t/ Jojxf/n] pgLx?sf] kf]n l5§} vf]lnlbG5 . dfS;{jfbLx? jt{dfgnfO{
clglZrttfsf] vf8ndf 5f8]/ eljio -cg'ej_ sf] k|ltIffdf a:b}gg\ / :j:km"t{tfjfbsf]
rSs/df klg km:b}gg, a? ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f / ju{;+3if{sf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df
36gfsf] b[Zo ?kaf6 k|j]z u/]/ cGtj{:t'nfO{ ;txdf Nofp“5g\ / hgtfnfO{ oyfzL3|
e|dd'Qm u/]/ d'lQmsf] af6f]df cu|;/ u/fp“5g\ .
cfhsf]
o'u ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/fqmflGtsf] o'u xf] . ljZjsf k|foM ;a} /fhgLlts
cfly{s / ;fdflhs 36gfx?df ;j{xf/fju{ / ;fd|fHojfbsf] e"ldsf Pscfk;df
hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . cfhsf] o'udf ;j{xf/fju{ / ;fd|FHojfbnfO{ Pscsf{af6 cnu
u/]/ 36gfx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ lgisif{ lgsflnof] eg] Tof] dgf]ut x'G5 .
;"rgf–;+rf/–k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / ;fd|FHojfbsf] e"d08nLs/0f / pbf/Ls/0fsf]
gLltn] ljZj PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t eP/ ;f“3'l/b} uPsf] 5 . ljZjsf x/ 7fp“sf
x/k|sf/sf ;fdflhs 36gfx?sf] cGto{df ;j{xf/f / ;fd|fHojfb n'sfdf/L v]ln/x]sf
x'G5g\ . /, af/Daf/ 6s/fpg k'Ub5g\ . pTkLl8t /fi6« / ;fd|fHojfbaLrsf]
cGtlj{/f]w k|wfg eP tfklg cfhsf] ljZjdf pTkLl8t /fi6«sf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng
klg ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjsf] cefjdf ;kmn x'g ;Sb}gg\ . ljrf/ / zlQm b'j}
lx;fan] ;fd|FHojfbnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg ;Sg] k|d'v zlQm ;j{xf/fju{ g} xf] . ;fd|FHojfb
lj?4sf] ljZjJofkL df]rf{df g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{ clu|d k+lQmdf /x]sfn] g} g]kfnh:tf]
;fgf], cljsl;t / e"k]l/j]li7t b]z ljZj;d'bfoaLr rrf{sf] lzv/df k'u]sf] xf] .
cfh ljZjsf ;a} ju{, ;d'bfo, pTkLl8t hflt / ln+un] g]kfndf cf–cfºgf]
e"ldsfsf] vf]hL ug{'sf k5fl8 ;fd|fHojfbsf] r'gf}ltnfO{ g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{n]
6Ss/ lbg'sf] kl/0ffd xf] . To;}n] g]kfnsf jt{dfg 36gfx?nfO{ ljlzi6 dfq x'g\
eg]/ lgisif{ lgsfNg' cg'ejjfbL ulNt x'g hfG5 . g]kfndf 36g] ;a} /fhgLlts,
cfly{s / ;fdflhs 36gfx?df k|foM ;fdfGo / ljlzi6 u'h'lN6g k'u]sf 5g\ . t/
olt x'“bfx'“b} klg clxn]sf] 7f]; l:yltdf ljlzi6 kIf g} k|wfg xf] eGg] s'/f
e'Ng x'“b}g cGoyf csd{0otfdf km;]/ ;f/;+u|xjfbsf] lzsf/ aGg k'luG5 .
cfhsf] ljZjdf k|r08kyn] ljsf; u/]sf] kmf}hL sfo{lbzf / s]Gb|Lo /fhgLlts
x:tIf]ksf] gLltsf] k|sfzdf g]kfnL qmflGt / ljZjqmflGt;“u ;DalGwt 36gfx?sf]
ljZn]if0f ug{'kb{5 . o'/f]k k'“hLjfbL qmflGt / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] hGdynf]
ePsf] / dfS;{jfbsf] pbo o'/f]kdf g} x'g k'u]sfn] Toxf“sf cg'ejx? jt{dfg
36gfx?nfO{ a'‰g / km:of{}6 ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;Gbe{;fdu|L aGb5g\ . t/
ablnPsf] ljZjkl/j]zdf gjLgtd sfo{lbzf / /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLlts
x:tIf]ksf] gLltaf6 cnu /x]/ tL ;Gbe{ ;fdu|LnfO{ a'‰g / k|of]u ug{ yflnof] eg]
s'lx/f]sf] sfu aGg k'luG5 . of] s'/f o'/f]ksf] cg'ejsf] ;Gbe{df dfq xf]Og,
dfS;{jfbsf] kl5Nnf] u'0ffTds ljsf; ePsf] PlzofnL b]zx?sf] cg'ejsf] ;Gbe{df klg
nfu" x'G5 .
o'/f]kdf dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"lddf sDo'lgHdsf] l;4fGt k|fb'ef{j
eof] . h;sf] kmn:j?k k'“hLkltju{n] ;fdGtL cjz]if / /fhtGqaf6 xf]Og ;j{xf/fju{af6
cfºgf] ju{:jfy{df vt/f b]Vof] . / ;j{xf/fju{sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ lgoGq0f / bdg
ug{ ar]v'r]sf ;fdGtL cjz]ifnfO{ k'ghL{ljt ug{ cfjZos 7fGof] . k'ghf{u/0f
sfnsf] qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt / cfbz{, h'g ;fdGtjfb;“u n8\g] c:q lyof], nfO{ kl/Tofu
u/L cfbz{jfbnfO{ c+lusf/ u/]/ k|ltqmflGtsf/L aGg k'Uof] . k|mfG;df !*$* sf]
qmflGtdf ;j{xf/fju{;“u sf“wdf sf“w ldnfP/ u0ftGqsf] k|flKtsf] nflu
;+3if{/t k'“hLklt ju{ kl5Nnf lbgx?df ;j{xf/fju{sf] h'emf? zlQm / eljioaf6
cft+lst eO{ !*%! df lbdfudf af];f] el/Psf] n'O{ af]gfkf6{nfO{ k'“hLklt ju{n] /fhf
agfPsf] 36gf tyf a]nfotdf ;g\ ===== df ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf /fhfsf] lz/f]R5]bg u/]sf]
k'“hLklt ju{n] kl5Nnf lbgx?df cGoqaf6 ;fk6L u/]/ /fhtGq k'gM:yflkt u/]sf]
36gfn] k'“hLklt ju{sf] k|hftGqnfO{ vf]qmf] ;fljt ul/lbof] . o; ;Gbe{df
dfS;{ eGg'x'G5– æa'h{'jf qmflGt, !*cf}+ ztfAbLsf] h:t} cf“wLsf] ultdf ;kmntfdfly
;kmntf xfl;n ub{5, To;sf] k|To]s gf6sLo k|efjn] csf{]nfO{ dfy ul/lbG5, dflg; /
j:t'x? b'j} hUdufp“bf] b]lvG5g\, pNnf;sf] efjgf k|To]s lbgsf] pT;fx aGb5, k/Gt'
oL ;a} s'/fx? cNkfo'sf x'G5g\ . ltgn] l56} cfºgf] pRrtf xfl;n u5{g\ .
t/ ;dfhn] o;sf] klxn]sf] Tof] cfºgf] cf“wLdo ofqfsf] kl/0ffdx?nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s
cfTd;ft ug{ l;Sg' cufj} ljiffQmk"0f{ pbfl;gtf 5fpg yfN5 .Æ -n'O{
af]gfkf6{sf] !*cf}+ a'|d]o/af6_
k|lt:kwf{Tds k'“hLjfbn] Psflwsf/ k'“hLjfbsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]kl5
k'“hLkltju{sf] rl/q emg\ k|ltufdL / lj36gsf/L aGg k'Uof] . of] Psflwsf/
k'“hLjfbn] sRrf kbfy{, ;:tf] >d / ahf/sf] bf]xg ug{ t];|f] ljZjsf ;fdGt
ju{;“u nuguf“7f] hf]8]/ tL b]zsf] k'“hLjfbL qmflGt lj?4 ;fdGtjfbsf] /Iffsjr
aGg k'Uof] . o;k|sf/sf] l:yltdf Psflwsf/ k'“hLjfbnfO{ ;fdGtjfbsf] t'ngfdf
k|ultzLn b]Vg' ebf}df cf“vf km'6]sf] uf]?n] ;w}+ xl/of] b]V5 eg]h:t} xf] .
o;sf] ljkl/t ef/t;“usf] !(^@ sf] o'4sf] kl/j]zdf ef/tsf] t'ngfdf g]kfnsf] zf;g
k|0ffnL k|ultzLn b]Vg] /fhf dx]Gb|k|ltsf] dfcf]sfnLg rLgsf] gLltnfO{ s;/L
a'‰g], k|Zg p7fpg] a]nf cfof] ls <
e"ldsf
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cEo'bosf] k"jf{wf/ lyof], n] ;fk]lIft :yfloTj u|x0f gub{} ;g\ !*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL
;lGw;“u} ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] u7hf]8 Pj+ kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf]
a]/f]s6f]s /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts k|j]zsf sf/0f g]kfndf :jtGq k'“hLjfbL
pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf; ca?4 eof] . pTkfbs zlQmsf] Ifo / knfogn] sl/a b'O{ ;o
jif{ cufl8sf] :jtGq / cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq k/lge{/ aGb} @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf]
k"j{;GWofdf cfOk'Ubf ljZjsf] ;aeGbf lgw{g /fi6«df kl/0ft eof] .
o;k|sf/sf] nHhf:kb cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] r+u'naf6 pTkfbs
zlQmnfO{ d'Qm ug{ d'VotM @))& ;fnb]lv @)$^ ;fn;Dd g]kfnL hgtfn] u'0ffTds
k|sf/sf ;+3if{x?df efu ln+b} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 :jtGq
9+un] ;+3if{ ug{] cyf{t\ k'R5/jfbaf6 d'Qm /fhgLlts zlQmsf] k|efjsf/L
e"ldsfsf cefjdf tL ;a} d'Vo ;+3if{x? k|ltlqmofjfbL Pj+ cj;/jfbLx?aLrsf] ;Qfsf]
efua08fdf ;Lldt x'g k'Uof] . t/ k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf lj?4sf tL P]ltxfl;s
;+3if{åf/f xfl;n ;Lldt /fhg}lts :jtGqtf, cg'ej / lzIffn] lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf]
nflu cg's"n efje"ld tof/ ul/lbof] . h'g hgo'4sf ?kdf @)%@ kmfu'g
! ut] zfgbf/ 9+un] cleJoQm eof] .
df3 !( ut]sf] 36gfsf] cGtj{:t'nfO{ phfu/ ug{sf] nflu @)#^ / @)$^ ;fnsf]
P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng / jt{dfg hgo'4sf] ;dLIff ug{' cfjZos 5 .
k+rfotL Joj:yfdfkm{t\ ;fdGtL /fhtGqåf/f ;+/lIft cw{;fdGtL /
cw{cf}klgj]lzs pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ Wj+; u/]/ gof“ k'“hLjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGw :yfkgf
ug{ zx/L If]qaf6 k|f/De eP/ u|fdL0f If]qdf lj:tfl/t ePsf] @)#^ sf] /fi6«JofkL
hgcfGbf]ng g]kfnsf] hgjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f sf]z]9'+uf (Milestone) lyof] .
zx/L If]qdf d'VotM ljBfyL{ / u|fdL0f If]qdf d'VotM ls;fgx? ;+3if{sf] clu|d
df]rf{df lyP . k|ltlqmofjfbL / cj;/jfbLx?sf] hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Demf}tfdf
6'+Uofpg] k|of; jfdkGyL zlQmx?sf] kxn / ;lqmotfsf sf/0f c;kmn eof] . /fi6«JofkL
hgcfGbf]ngdf jfdkGyL zlQmsf] ;zQm / cu|0fL e"ldsf g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]
kl/36gf lyof] . t/ wf]sfk"0f{ hgdt ;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 jfdkGyL
zlQmx?aLr ;'b[9 ;+o'[Qm df]rf{ / 7f]; gLltsf cefjsf sf/0f 7f]; pknlAwljgf g}
cfGbf]ng 6'+luof] . of] cfGbf]ngn] u|fdL0f If]qdf ;fdGtL pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{
vNaNofOlbof] . kmntM -!_ ;fdGtL aGwgaf6 u|fdL0f pTkfbs zlQmsf] ;fk]lIfs
d'lQm, -@_ ;fdGt / pRr wgL ls;fgx?sf] zx/ knfog / d'ntM bnfn gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLklt ju{df ?kfGt/0f, -#_ bnfn / gf]s/zfxL k'“hLsf] lj:tf/, -$_ zx/df
lgDgk'“hLkltju{ d'VotM dhb'/ju{sf] ;+Vofdf u'0ffTds a[l4, -%_ hftLo d'lQm
;+3if{sf] k"jf{wf/ tof/– eof] . / zx/ / ufp“sf] juL{o ;Gt'ngdf
sfkmL km]/abn cfof] . pk/f]Qm kl/l:yltn] ;fdGtjfbsf] cfly{s cfwf/ ;fk]lIfs
?kdf l5GgleGg / sdhf]/ aGg] k|lqmof tLj| eof] eg] o;sf] ljkl/t, bnfn–gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLkltju{sf] cfly{s cfwf/ ;'b[9 / dha't aGg] k|lqmof klg tLj| aGb} uof] .
pTkfbgdf h'g ju{n] >]i7tf sfod ub{5, /fhgLlts ;Qfdf klg cGttM ToxL ju{n]
>]i7tf xfl;n ub{5 . To;}n] d"ntM Psnf}6L ;Qfdf xflnd'xfnL ul//x]sf]
;fdGtju{;“u ;Qf ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLkltju{sf] ;+3if{ d'vl/t
eof] . zx/df dhb'/ / lgDgk'“hLkltju{sf] u'0ffTds a[l4 eof] . /f]huf/L
/ /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf] cefj tyf hLjgsf sl7gfO{n] ubf{ gof“ :jtGq k'“hLjfbL
pTkfbg ;DaGw sfod ug{ /fHo;Qfsf] ;+/Ifs /fhtGqsf] lj?4 /fhgLlts ;+3if{ gof“ lz/faf6
d'vl/t eof] .
/fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] h]h:tf] clek|fo eP klg @)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ng d'VotM k'/fgf] pTkfbg ;DaGw / gof“ pTkfbs zlQmaLrs} ;+3if{sf] /fhglts
cleJolQm lyof] . t/ uf}0f ?kdf @)#^ ;fnkl5 l;lh{t gof“ kl/l:yltdf ;fdGtjfbsf]
t'ngfdf pTkfbgsf] If]qdf ks8 hdfpg ;kmn bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLkltju{sf] ;Qf ;fem]bf/Lsf
nflu ;fdGt ju{ lj?4sf] ;+3if{ klg hf]l8Psf] lyof] . of] ju{n] ;fdGtju{;“u
u/]sf] cg'goljgo sfdsfhL gePkl5 ;Qfdf k|d'v lx:;f k|fKt ug{ d'VotM ;fdGtjfbsf]
k|ltlglw /fhf;“u ;+3if{ eof] . o; ;Gbe{df dfS;{sf] lgDg egfOn] oL b'O{
ju{aLrsf] ;+3if{nfO{ a'‰g d2t ub{5 . æh'g lrhn] b'j} {n]lhl6ld:6
(Legitimist) / cln{oflgi6 (Earlianist)} – nfO{ cnu u/]sf] lyof], Tof] s'g}
tyfslyt l;4fGt lyPg, Tof] lyof] pgLx?sf] cl:tTjsf] ef}lts cj:yfx?– b'O{ leGg
k|sf/sf ;DklQx?, Tof] lyof] zx/ / ufp“sf] k'/fgf] lj/f]w, k'“hL / hldGbf/Lsf]
k|ltålGåtf .Æ -n'O{ af]gfkf6{sf] !*cf}+ a'|d]o/, lxGbL v08–!, efu @_
t/ lgDgk'“hLjfbL /fhgLlts zlQmsf] 9'nd'nfx6 / qmflGtsf/L zlQmsf] c:ki6 gLlt /
sdhf]/ / ljvl08t l:yltsf sf/0f cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs pTkfbg ;Daw cGt ug{]
:t/;Dd hgcfGbf]ng k'Ug] t s'/} 5f]8f}+ /fhtGqsf] cGt klg ug{ ;s]g . hgtfsf]
hg;fu/ r}q !( / @$ ut] /fhtGq lj?4 u0ftGqsf] kIfdf pln{Pkl5 cfºgf] cfwf/e"t
ju{:jfy{df wSsf nfUg] ;DefjgfnfO{ 6fNg cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x?sf] lgb{]zg /
dWo:ytfdf ;fdGtju{ / bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLklt ju{n] ;Qf ;fem]bf/Lsf] zt{df
9'nd'n lgDgk'“hLjfbL zlQmnfO{ ;d]t ;fd]n u/]/ r}q @^ ut] wf]sfk"0f{ ;Demf}tfåf/f
cfGbf]ng t'xfpg ;kmn eP . h;cg'?k ;]gfafx]s sfo{sf/L ;Qf bnfn–gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLklt ju{sf] xftdf / /fHo;Qfsf] d'Vo c+u ;]gf;lxtsf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;fdGtju{sf]
xftdf /xg uof] . ;Qfsf] d'Vo c¨df ;fdGt ju{s} jr{Zjsf sf/0f oL b'O{aLrsf]
cGtlj{/f]w lg/Gt/ k|s6 eOg} /x\of] .
@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf d'Vo juL{o cGtlj{/f]w xn ug{
g;s]sf] dfq xf]Og, ;fdGt ju{ / bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLklt ju{aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w
klg xn ug{ ;s]g . ;f/tM /fhtGqsf] lg/+s'ztf sfod} /fv]/ ?kdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf]
d's'08f] nufOlbP/ ul/Psf] ;+j}wflgs ;Demf}tfn] /fhfnfO{ rf]/b'nf]af6 ;+;bLo
bnx?nfO{ v]nfpg] /fd|f] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . ;]gf, h'g ;Qfsf] d]?b08 xf], df /fhfsf]
Ps5q lgoGq0fn] ;+;bjfbLx? lg/Lx aGg k'u] . dlNns cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg
sfof{Gjog ug{];Dd x}l;ot gx'“bf ?kdf k|hftGqsf] d's'08f] nufP/ k+rx?sf] cfr/0fnfO{
cfbz{ agfpg k'u] / kfn}kfnf];“u e"tk"j{ k+rx?nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg
k'u] . kmn:j?k cfGbf]ngsf] a]nf /fhtGq;“u cfqmf]lzt hgtf wf]sfk"0f{
;Demf}tfsf] kl/0ffd / ltgLx?sf] -;+;bjfbLx?sf]_ tTsfnLg cfr/0faf6 qm"4 eP .
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x?n] @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf cfºgf ;Ldf / sdhf]/Lx?sf] uDeL/
;dLIff u/] . ;+;bjfbLx?k|ltsf] hgtfsf] hgcfqmf]zleq gof“ qmflGtsf] aLh
n's]sf] :ki6 cg'e"t u/] . ;xL ljrf/, gLlt / of]hgf tyf PsLs[t kf6L{ /
kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;]gfsf] cefjsf sf/0fn] g} s'jf{gLsf afjh"b hgtf af/Daf/
7luPsf] tLtf] P]ltxfl;s oyfy{nfO{ ulx/f];“u cfTd;ft u/] . @)$* ;fndf Pstf
dxflwj]zgdf kfl/t bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] kmf}hL sfo{lbzf, h'g ;+u7gsf] d'Vo ?k kmf}h
/ ;+3if{sf] d'Vo ?k o'4 xf] eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t lyof], cg'?k @)%! df hgo'4sf]
/0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] th{'df ul/of] . /, cfjZos tof/Lsf ;fy æ;Qfafx]s ;a}
s'/f e|d xf]Æ eGg] d"n gf/fnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]/ k'R5/jfbaf6 d'Qm x'g]
k|lta4tf;lxt g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] kxndf @)%@ kmfu'g ! ut] hgo'4sf] yfngL eof] .
k[i7e"ld
hgo'4sf]
k|f/lDes sfnb]lv g} b]zL–ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?n] pgLx?aLrsf] cfk;L cGtlj{/f]w
/ ;+3if{sf sf/0f Pscsf{]dfly xfjL x'g t'?ksf] kQL (Trump Card) sf] ?kdf
hgo'4nfO{ Pscsf{lj?4 lg/Gt/ k|of]u ul//x] . g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf]
k'R5/jfbsf] lj/f;t -Ps jf csf{] b]zL jf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL u'6sf] cf]t nfUg]
k|j[lQ_ af6 kf6L{ d'Qm ePsfn] pgLx?sf] clenfiff k'/f x'g ;s]g . cfGtl/s ?kdf
;+sL0f{tfjfbL k|j[lQ lj?4 ;+3if{ ub{} kf6L{n] k|ltlqmofjfbL u'6aLrsf] ;Qf
efua08fsf] ;+3if{nfO{ hgo'4sf] kIfdf kl/rfng ul/g} /x\of] . sltko ljlzi6
l:yltdf cGtlj{/f]w rsf{pg] dfq xf]Og, cGtlj{/f]wsf] ;[li6 ug{ klg ;kmn eof] .
hgo'4;“u tTsfn / k|ToIf 6s/fpg] d'Vo zlQm;“u n8\g cGo zlQmx?k|lt nlrnf] gLlt
cjnDag u¥of] . b'O{ clt– ;+sL0f{ / pbf/–af6 d'Qm eP/ cjnDag ul/Psf]
of] gLltsf sf/0f ck]lIft 7"nf] wSsf (Set back) gvfO{
hgo'4 tLj|tfdf cufl8 al9g} /x\of] . /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] ;fdGtL /fi6«jfb
/ ;Lldt pbf/ rl/qsf sf/0f tfTsfnLg ?kdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ k|ltsf] yf]/}
em'sfjn] hgo'4sf] ljsf;df k/f]If ?kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofof] . ;fdGt ju{ / bnfn–gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLkltju{aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w, h'g @)#^ ;fnkl5sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s abnfjsf sf/0f
7f]; ?kdf d'vl/t ePsf] lyof], @)$^ ;fnsf] ;Demf}tfkl5 klg xn x'g ;s]sf] lyPg .
bL3{sfnLg ju{:jfy{sf lx;fan] hgo'4k|lt k|ltlqmofjfbL u'6x?aLr ;dfg ;dembf/Lsf
afah"b tfTsfnLs :jfy{sf lx;fan] c;dembf/L / ljefhg eO/x\of] . ljleGg
k|ltlqmofjfbL u'6x?aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]waf6 pRrtd kmfObf p7fpg] kf6L{sf] 3f]lift
gLlt k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{sf ljz]if1 (Think Tank) x?n] ga'‰g] s'/} ePg . @)$^
;fnkl5 7f]; ?kdf d'vl/t ePsf] ;fdtju{ / bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLkltju{aLrsf]
s6'tfk"0f{ dte]b cGt u/]/ cf–cfºgf] k|efj lj:tf/ ug{ / hgo'4 bafpg …g
/x] af“;, gah] af“;'/LÚ sf] s'6gLltcg'?k b]zL–ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL
zlQmx?n] if8\oGqk"0f{ / gf6sLo 9+un] ;fdGt ju{sf] pbf/ k|ltlglw /fhf jL/]Gb|sf]
j+z gf; u/]/ d"ntM bnfn–gf]s/zfx k'“hLkltju{sf] cg'bf/ k|ltlglw
1fg]Gb|nfO{ /fhu2Ldf lj/fhdfg u/fP . gf¨f] if8\oGqåf/f gf6sLo 9+un] ;Qfl;g
x'g k'u]sf 1fg]Gb|k|lt ;+;bjfbLx?sf] tfTsfnLg ;dy{gn] s] s'/f k'li6 eof] eg] b/af/
/ ;+;bjfbL bnx?aLrsf] s6'tf cGt u/]/ hgo'4nfO{ ;vfk kfg{ cGt/f{li6«o zlQm
s]Gb|x?sf] u|fo08 l8hfOg (Grand Design) cg';f/ g} jL/]Gb|sf] xTof ul/Psf] lyof] .
h'g s'/f 36gfsf] cGtj{:t' n'sfpg pgLx?n] bLk]Gb|sf] gfd p5fn]/ e|dk"0f{
b[Zo?k k|:t't u/]af6 k'li6 x'G5 . ;f/ kl/jt{g gu/L ?k kl/jt{g u/]/ cGtlj{/f]w
xn ug{] o;k|sf/sf] 3[l0ft / d'v{tfk"0f{ sbdn] ;d:of xn x'g] xf]Og ls emg\
alNemg] lglZrt k|foM lyof] . bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLkltju{sf] jL/]Gb|;“usf]
cGtlj{/f]w JolQmut xf]Og juL{o lyof] . pgLx?sf] ;fdGtju{;“usf] cGtlj{/f]w
/fHo;Qfdf k|wfg l:ylt xfl;n ug{sf] nflu lyof] gls s'g} JolQm ljz]ifnfO{ ;Qfl;t
u/fpg . ha;Dd /fHo;Qfsf] d'Vo c+u ;]gfdf ;fdGtju{sf] jr{Zj sfod /xG5 ta;Dd
hf];'s}nfO{ /fhf agfP klg tflTjs cGt/ x'Gg eGg] s'/f pgLx?n] a'‰g ;s]gg\ .
Pp6f lglZrt ju{cfwf/df lgdf{0f ePsf] ;Qf -d'VotM ;]gf_ df h'g;'s} ju{>f]tsf]
JolQmnfO{ ;Qfl;t u/fP klg p;n] Tof] ju{sf] cnfjf csf{] ju{sf] e/kbf{] ;]jf ug{ ;Sb}g .
o;;DaGwdf dfS;{ eGg'x'G5– æs'g} klg /fhgLlt1 jf n]vs s'g} ju{ljz]ifsf]
l;4fGtsf/ o;sf/0f aGb5 ls ;}4flGts ?kn] pm ToxL lgisif{df k'Ub5 / cfºgf] nflu
ToxL st{Jo 5gf]6 ub{5, h;/L To;ju{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o cfºgf] tfTsfnLs ef}lts lxt /
cg'ejsf] cfwf/df k'Ub5 . ;fdfGotM oxL s'g} ju{sf] /fhgLlts / ;flxlTos
k|ltlglwx? / To; ju{sf]– h;sf] pm k|ltlglwTj ub{5–;“u ;DaGw x'G5 .Æ
-g]kf]lnog af]gfkf6{sf] c7f/f}+ a'|d]o/af6_ k/Dk/fut zfxL ;]gfdf d"n ?kdf
ks8 /x] klg sdhf]/ cfly{s cfwf/sf sf/0f qmdzM l5GgleGg / sdhf]/ eO/x]sf] ;fdGtju{
/ abln+bf] ef}lts kl/j]z / cGt/f{li6«o k'“hLsf] tfutn] ;d[4 aGb} uPsf] bnfn–gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLkltju{aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w s'g} ju{;|f]t ljz]ifsf] kfqnfO{ cl3 ;f/]/ xn ug{]
tl/sf a'l4dfgLsf] kl/rfos lsdfy{ lyPg, d'v{tfsf] k/fsfi7f lyof] . k|foM
k|ltlqmofjfbLx? cGtlj{/f]wsf] dfv];fª\nf]df h]lnP/ ls+st{Joljd'9 ePkl5 o;k|sf/sf]
d'v{tfk"0f{ sbd rfNg k'Ub5g\ . o;n] tTsfn /fxt lbP klg eljiodf emg\
7"nf] ljklQ lgDTofp“5 eGg] s'/f pgLx? a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ . o;k|sf/sf]
d'v{tfk"0f{ sbd / cfr/0fn] Jojxf/tM hgo'4nfO{ xf]Og k|ltlqmofjfbL o'4nfO{
g} 3f6f k'¥ofof] . h]7 !( sf] b/af/ xTofsf08kl5 hgo'4sf] ljsf; tLj| ultdf
ePsf] oyfy{tfn] of] s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 . …ljgfzsfn] ljkl/t a'l4Ú eGg]
nf]sf]lQmsf] k'gk'{li6 ePsf] 5 .
;Qf lglZrt ju{cfwf/df ag]sf] x'G5 / ju{ljz]ifsf] ;dy{glagf sf]xL klg ;Qfl;g
x'g / l6ls/xg ;Sb}g . bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLklt ju{ / ;fdGtju{sf] ;femf
k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ /fhf agfOlbPkl5 b'j} ju{aLr ;dGjo sfod x'G5 /
s6'tfsf] cGt x'G5 eGg] ts{ / lgisif{ Jojxf/tM xf:of:kb ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ;fdGtL
juL{o cfwf/df lgdf{0f eP/ ;fdGtL ;+:sf/df x's{]sf] zfxL ;]gfsf] ;dy{g / ;+/If0f
k|fKt ug{ ;fdGt ju{s} lxtnfO{ ;jf{]k/L /fv]/ sfd ug{' kg{] x'G5 . of]
;}4flGts k|:yfkgf 1fg]Gb|sf] xsdf klg nfu" x'G5 . 1fg]Gb|n] ;fdGt
ju{sf] lxtnfO{ ;jf{]k/L /fv]/ sfd gu/L bnfnn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLklt ju{sf]
lxtnfO{ ;jf{]k/L /fv]/ sfd ug{ yfn] eg] zfxL ;]gfn] jL/]Gb|sf] :yfgdf
1fg]Gb|nfO{ /fv]h:t} csf{] JolQmnfO{ Tof] :yfgdf /fVg] lglZrt k|foM x"G5 .
ju{;dfhdf ju{:jfy{eGbf 7"nf] JolQmsf] lghL :jfy{ x'g ;Sb}g . ;'k|l;4
d'un] cfhdsf] sxfgLdf of] tYonfO{ snfTds 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdGt
ju{sf] juL{o cfwf/ lh0f{ jf Wj:t eP/ zfxL ;]gfsf] ;fdGtL ;+:sf/ cfwf/e"t ?kdf
l5GgleGg geP;Dd To;n] csf{] ju{sf] ;]jf Pslgi7 / akmfbf/ eP/ ug{ ;Sb}g .
@)$^ ;fnsf] lqkIfLo ;Demf}tfkl5 ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{] k|lqmofdf tTsfnLg zfxL ;]gfn]
cufl8 ;f/]sf] ;+ljwfg ;+;bjfbL g]t[Tjk|ltsf] c:jLs[ltsf] kl/rfos lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL hgo'4k|lt jL/]Gb|sf] cToGt ;Lldt pbf/ Jojxf/ zfxL ;]gfnfO{ kfRo gePsf]
oyfy{ huhfx]/ 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf] clu|d k+lQmsf] ;xeflutflagf h]7 !( ut]sf] b/af/
xTofsf08 ;Dej lyPg eGg] s'/f ;xh} a'‰g ;lsG5 . ;]gf ;b}j juL{o x'G5,
ju{ljz]ifsf] lxtsf] /Iff ug{ To;sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'G5 . ;]gfnfO{ ju{af6
cnu / ;Qf;Lg kfqnfO{ ;Qfsf] juL{o cfwf/af6 cnu u/]/ x]g{] / a'‰g] cfbz{jfbL ;f]rn]
ubf{ /fhg]tfx?n] ;xh} wf]sf vfg] ub{5g\ .
36gfsf] ;f/
df3
!( ut]sf ;'qwf/ 1fg]Gb|n] zflGtsf] k'gj{xfnL / k|hftGqsf] /IffnfO{ ;jf{]k/L
/fv]/ pQm sbd rfn]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] k+rfotsfnLg k[i7e"ld, b/af/
xTofsf08df pgsf] e"ldsf, c;f]h !* sf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/sf] ckx/0f, bf];|f]
r/0fsf] jftf{sfndf jftf{ 6f]nLk|ltsf] pbfl;gtf, c;f]h !* kl5 k+rfotL
k[i7e"ldsf JolQmx?nfO{ kfn}kfnf] k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug{', df3 !( s} ;Gbe{df
abgfd / k|hftGqlj/f]wL k"j{ k+r t'n;L lu/L / sLlt{lglw lji6x?nfO{ xtf{stf{
agfpg', ;aeGbf b]zeQm / k|hftGqsf] kIfw/ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ck/fwL 3f]if0ff ug{' /
slknj:t' lhNnfdf pgs} lgb{]zg tyf zfxL ;]gfsf] cu'jfOdf @% ;o ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
3/df cfuf] nufpg] cflbh:tf 7f]; tYox?n] pgL zflGt xf]Og, czflGt dRrfpg,
k|hftGqsf] /Iff xf]Og, k+rfot -sfnf] o'u_ kmsf{pg rfxG5g\ . oL ;a} /fi6« /
hglj/f]wL sfdx? ;fdGtjfbsf] l5GgleGg ePsf] ju{cfwf/nfO{ k'gu{7g ug{ tyf Oltxf;sf]
cufl8 a9]sf] kfª\u|f]nfO{ k5fl8 kmsf{pg] lgs[i6 cEof; x'g\ . jf:tljstf s]
xf] eg] u|fdL0f IF]qaf6 a9fl/Psf] ;fdGtjfbsf] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf, h'g bnfn / gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLklt ju{;“u cleGg ?kn] hf]l8Psf] 5, hgo'4sf] k|Tofqmd0fn] g]kfnaf6
a9fl/g] lglZrtk|foM eO;s]kl5 ;fdGt ju{sf] xtf; / lg/fzfsf] r/d cleJolQm g} df3
!( ut]sf] 36gf d~rgsf] cfwf/ xf] . o; ;Gbe{df dfS;{sf] lgDg egfOn]
ljifoj:t'nfO{ a'‰g d2t ub{5– æh;/L JolQmut hLjgdf dflg; s] ;f]Rb5 / cfºgf]
af/]df s] eGb5 / jf:tjdf pm s] xf] / s] ub{5, oL b'j}df xfdL e]b ub{5f}+ .
To;/L g} P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{df xfdLn] kf6L{x?sf] zAb tyf sNkgfx? / p;sf] c;nL lxtdf,
cfºgf] af/]df p;sf] wf/0ff / p;sf] c;lnotdf emg\ a9L cGt/ ug{'kb{5 .Æ -n'O{
af]gfkf6{sf] !*cf]+ a'|d]o/af6_
36gfsf]
k|wfg sf/0f
!= k|fSk'“hLjfbL ;dfhdf k'“hLsf] kl/rfngsf] nflu :jtGq dhb'/ /
k'“hLjfbL clwsf/sf] cfjZostf v6sg yfNb5 . h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] k'“hLsf]
ljsf;sf] nflu /fhg}lts :jtGqtf s'g} g s'g} ?kdf cfjZos x'G5 . To;}n] cfºgf]
ju{:jfy{sf] ;Ldfleq k'“hLklt ju{n] /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf] dfu jf jxfnL ub{5 .
/fhg}lts :jtGqtf ;j{xf/fju{sf] nflu emg\ cfjZos x'G5 . /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf]
af6f]af6 nIo k|fKt ug{ ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ lg/+s'ztfsf] t'ngfdf w]/} ;'ud x'G5 .
;j{xf/fju{ Oltxf;sf] ;aeGbf cu|ufdL / clGtd ju{ xf] . of] ju{n] zf]if0fsf
;a} k|sf/sf ;f/tTj / ?knfO{ cGt u/]/ :jo+ cfºgf] ju{sf] klg cGt ub{5 .
To;}n] cGo ju{af6 eGbf k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{ ;j{xf/fju{af6 ;aeGbf a9L cft+lst x'G5g\ .
ha k'“hLklt ju{sf] cfwf/e"t ju{:jfy{df ;j{xf/fju{af6 vt/f k}bf x'G5 ta
o;n] ;j{xf/fju{dfly lgoGq0f sfod ug{ k'“hLjfbL k|hftGqsf ;a} ?kx?nfO{ ltnf~hnL
lbP/ ;aeGbf kmfl;i6 / lg/+s'z zf;g sfod ug{ ;aeGbf cg'bf/ lg/+s'z kfqnfO{ ;Qf;Lg
agfp“5 . ljZjdf k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] cufl8 ;f/]sf o;k|sf/sf kfqx?sf] nfdf]
km]xl/:t kfOG5 . g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]z u/]kl5 bnfn /
gf]s/zfxL k'“hLklt ju{n] ;fdGtjfb;“u ;f“7uf“7 u/L cfkm" kbf{leq
a;]/ 1fg]Gb|nfO{ …gfosÚsf] ?kdf lrq0f u/L Oltxf;sf] e2f gSsn u/]/ gf6s d~rg
u/fpg k'u] . 7f]; ?kdf @)#^ kl5 ;fdGtju{;“u 6s/fp“b} cfPsf] of] ju{n] ;Qfdf
k|wfg e"ldsfsf] dfunfO{ c:yfoL ?kdf kl/Tofu u¥of] . bnfn– gf]s/zfxL
k'“hLklt ju{sf] cfTd;dk{0fn] ;fdGt ju{ / p;sf] ;]gfnfO{ df3 !( sf] 36gf ;xh ?kdf
;Dkfbg ug{ dfu{ k|z:t u¥of] .
@= g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] u|fdL0f If]qsf sl/a cfwf e"–efudf hg;Qf
;+rfng u/]kl5 ;fdGtju{sf] zx/ knfogsf] k|lqmof tLj| eO/x]sf] lyof] .
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf t/fO{df klg hg;Qfsf] cEof;sf] kmn:j?k t/fO{sf ;fdGtx? d'VotM
/f0ff, zfx vfgbfgsf] cfly{s cfwf/ Wj:t eof] . ;fdGt ju{df 7"nf]
v}nfa}nf k}bf eof] . kxf8L e"efusf ;fdGtx?sf] rfk / bafjnfO{ Joj:yfkg
ug{ g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf kl5Nnf 36gfx?n] l:yltnfO{ emg\ uDeL/ agfOlbof] . ;fdGtx?n]
ljklQaf6 kf/ nufpg zfxL ;]gfdfly bafj a9fp“b} nu] . cfºgf] ju{aGw'x?sf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ zfxL ;]gfnfO{ zf;g ;Qf cfºgf] xftdf lng cfjZos eof] . ;fdGtx?n]
zfxL ;]gfleq ;[li6 u/]sf] of] bafjn] 1fg]Gb|nfO{ @))& ;fnsf cw'/f OR5f
k"/f ug{] cg's"n jftfj/0f ldNof] .
#= ef}ltsjfbLx? cfGtl/s cGtlj{/f]wnfO{ xn u/]/ cyf{t\ 7f]; Pstf sfod u/L
aflx/L cGtlj{/f]w xn ub{5g\ . t/ cfbz{jfbLx? of t cfGtl/s cGtlj{/f]w xn ug{
aflx/L cGtlj{/f]w rsf{p“5g\, of t aflx/L cGtlj{/f]w xn ug{ leqL cGtlj{/f]w
rsf{p“5g\ of ;dGjo sfod u/]/ 6fn6'n ub{5g\ . b/af/ xTofsf08 cufl8 zfxL ;]gfdf
PskIf dfcf]jfbLk|lt g/d / ;+;bjfbLk|lt u/d, csf{] kIf ;+;bjfbLk|lt g/d /
dfcf]jfbLk|lt u/d lyof] . Wj+;fTds tl/sfåf/f cfGtl/s cGtlj{/f]w xn ug{]
h]7 !( ut]sf] 36gfn] zfxL ;]gfleqsf] cGtlj{/f]w ;txdf xnh:tf] b]lvP klg e';sf]
cfuf]h:t} leqleq} ;lNs/x\of] . zfxL ;]gfleqsf] of] cGtlj{/f]w xn ug{
k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{nfO{ df3 !( ut]sf] 36gf d~rg ug{ k|]l/t u¥of] .
$= g]kfndf ju{;+3if{ o:tf] r/0fdf k|j]z u¥of] ls Psflt/ hgtf k'/fgf]
zf;gcGtu{t a:g laNs'n} clgR5's b]lvof] / csf{]lt/ k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{sf nflu k'/fgf]
tl/sfaf6 zf;g ug{ c;Dej eof] . ljBfyL{x?n] SofDk; SofDk;df ;+rfng u/]sf]
hgdt ;j{]If0fdf b'O{ ltxfO[ eGbf a9L dt u0ftGqsf] kIFdf b]lvg' / c;f]h !* kl5 ;k{n]
sf“r'nL km]/]h:t} ;/sf/ kl/jt{g eO/xg' k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfdf cfPsf] ;+s6sf] 7f];
k|df0f xf] . o; kl/j]zdf rf/ ljsNk /xG5g\– -!_ hgtfn] ljb|f]xåf/f
qmflGtsf/L ;Qf :yfkgf ug{' -@_ jftf{åf/f lgsf; lgsfNg' -#_ zf;g k|0ffnLdf s]xL
;'wf/ x'g' -$_ k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{n] lg/+s'ztf / kmfl;jfbL cEof; ug{' . klxnf]
;Defjgf cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] k|lts"ntf / kf6L{leqsf] ;'b[9 Pstfsf]
cefjdf jf:tljstfdf ablng ;s]g . bf];|f], bnfn–gf]s/zfxL k'“hLklt ju{nfO{
;Qfdf k|wfg l:yltdf k'¥ofpg clgR5's / ;Lldt pbf/ jL/]Gb|sf] kQf;fkm ug{] b]zL–ljb]zL
k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx?n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ jftf{åf/f ;Qfdf k|wfg l:ylt
k|bfg ug{] ;Defjgf lyPg . t];|f], @))& ;fnb]lv @)$^ ;Ddsf zf;g
k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/sf gf}6+sLaf6 af/Daf/ 7luPsf hgtfsf] cfºgf] zlQmzfnL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
df}h'bludf dfqfTds ;'wf/sf] s'g} cf}lrTo /x]g . rf}yf], ju{;+3if{n] o:tf]
kl/l:ylt / ;DaGwx? lgdf{0f ul/lbof] ls Pp6f abgfd kfqnfO{ gfossf] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{ ;Dej agfOlbof] . o;y{ ju{;+3if{sf] ljsf;sf] hl6n l:yltn] df3 !(
sf] sbd k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{sf nflu dg{] a]nfdf knfPsf] sldnfsf] Kjf“v knfP hlQs}
ckl/xfo{ eof] .
n'O{ af]gfkf6{sf] c7f/f}+ a'|d]o/df dfS;{n] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lgDg
cleJolQmn] o; ljifoj:t'nfO{ cem :ki6 kfg{]5– æof] :ki6 5 ls, k'“hLkltx?sf]
nflu ca af]gfkf6{nfO{ r'Gg' l;jfo csf{] s'g} ljsNk 5}g . sf]G:of6\ofG;sf]
rr{ kl/ifbdf ljz'4tfjfbL k|jQmfx?n] lzsfot ub{} kf]kx? b'/frf/k"0f{ hLjg
latfO/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ g}lts ;'wf/sf] dfu ubf{ sfl8{gn lko]/ b cfOn] pgLx?nfO{
km6\sf/]/ eg]sf lyP– ca z}tfg cfkm} cfP/ dfq Sofyf]lns rr{nfO{ arfpg ;S5g\, t/
tkfO{+x?n] eg] b]jb"tsf] dfu ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . o;}k|sf/ /fHo
k|To'TIf]k0fkZrft\ k'“hLkltx?n] eg] s]jn !) l8;]Da/ ;dfhsf ;/bf/n] g} cem} klg
k'“hLjfbL ;dfhnfO{ arfpg ;S5g\, h;/L rf]/n] g} ;fdfgsf], a]Odfgn] g} Odfgsf],
Jolerf/Ln] g} kl/jf/sf], cJoj;yfn] g} Joj:yfsf] lxkmfht ug{ ;Sb5 .Æ
36gfsf]
lgldQ sf/0f
!= g]kfndf jt{dfg ju{;+3if{n] o:tf] kl/l:ylt / ;DaGwx?sf] lgdf{0f u¥of]
h;n] 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/+s'z /fhf aGg] @))& ;fnb]lvsf] cw'/f] dxTjfsf+Iff k'/f ul/lbof]
. /fhgLlts kf6L{x?leqsf / kf6L{x?aLrdf cGtlj{/f]w ;[li6 tyf kl/rfng ug{] ;jfndf
pgsf] w"t{tf, oBlk Tof] …d"tsf] Gofgf]Ú eGbf c? s]xL lyPg,
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] ;+s6sf sf/0f tTsfnnfO{ ;kmn eof] .
@= ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] b]zL–ljb]zL zf;sx?k|ltsf] cTolws lge{/tf / k'R5/jfbL
gLltsf sf/0f @))& ;fnb]lv @)$^ ;Ddsf ;a} hgcfGbf]ngx? wf]sfk"0f{ ;Demf}tfdf
6'+lug'sf] kl/0ffd af/Daf/ b/af/nfO{ hgclwsf/ / k|hftGq ckx/0f ug{ rf]/b'nf]
ldlng} /x\of] .
#= ;+;b\jfbL zlQmx?sf] u}/k|hftflGqs / sltko k|Zgx?df u}//fli6«o cfr/0fn]
b/af/nfO{ ;+;bjfbL bnx?nfO{ v]nfpg, km'6fpg / cfk;df kmf6f] k}bf ug{ ;Dej eof] .
k+rfotsf] e"t dlG5 g;Sb} s';L{, sf/ / dxnsf] df]xdf k/]/ ax'bn :yfkgfsf]
k|f/lDes r/0fd} e'tk"j{ k+rx? nf]s]Gb| / ;"o{axfb'/nfO{ kfn}kfnf]
k|wfgdGqL agfP/ b'O{ 6fps] ef/08L r/fn]h:t} d'v{tfk"0f{ sbd rfNg k'u] .
cem b/af/ xTofsf08kl5 pgLx?n] 1fg]Gb|nfO{ :yflkt ug{ v]n]sf] e"ldsf cfºgf]
v'§fdf cfkm}n] a~r/f] xfGg'h:t} ;fljt ePsf] 5 . cGo s'/fx?df dte]b eP klg
#) jif{] k~rfotL sfn/fqLkl5 k|fKt ;Lldt k|hftGqsf] /Iffsf] ;jfndf;Dd Ps x'g ;s]gg\ .
h;af6 b/af/n] sfkmL kmfObf p7fof] / cfh pgLx?sf] of] b'b{zf x'g k'Uof] .
$= g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ leqsf] cGts{nxsf] cfef;n] df3 !( ut] k|ltudgsf/L
sbd rfNg] cf“6 k'/fgf] ;Qfdf k}bf eof] .
%= g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf k'R5/jfbsf] cjz]if cem} klg a]nfavt
cfzfd'lv k|j[lQsf] ?kdf b]vfkg{ vf]Hb5 . b/af/ / ef/tLo ;QfaLr cfwf/e"t
juL{o ;dfgtfsf afjh"b cGtlj{/f]wx? klg 5g\ . oxL cGtlj{/f]wsf sf/0f
Pscsf{sf lj/f]wLx?nfO{ Ps csf{]sf] lj?4 k|of]u u/]/ Pscsf{nfO{ sdhf]/ u/fpg jf
bafj ;[li6 ug{ vf]Hb5g\ . oL b'j}n] Pscsf{ lj?4 sDo'lg:6x?nfO{ uf]6Lsf] ?kdf
k|of]u u/]sf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . o;sf] cy{ sDo'lg:6x?n] 5f]Ol56f] afg{'k5{
eGg] xf]Og a? pgLx?aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w kl/rfng u/]/ qmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 .
t/ pgLx?k|lt e/f];f ug{' / cfzfjfbL aGg' eg] x'“b}g . o;f] ubf{ n'–z"gsf]–
æaf}nfxf s's'/nfO{ kfgLdf 5pGh]n lk6\g' kb{5, bof u/]/ aflx/ lg:sg lbof] eg]
cfkm}nfO{ 6f]lslbG5Æ eGg] egfOnfO{ Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 . cGoyf kQ} gkfO{
cfkm} pkof]u x'g k'luG5 .
^= g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / ;+;bjfbLx?aLr tfnd]n / ;xdltsf] cefjn] ubf{ !(
ut]sf] 36gf 36g an k'u]sf] xf] . dfcf]jfbL;“u eGbf /fhtGqk|lt cfzfjfbL
aGg] ;+;bjfbLx?sf] ;f]rn] b/af/nfO{ /fd|f] an ldNof] . b/af/nfO{ bafj lbP/
pgLx?nfO{ em'sfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; k}bf ePkl5 o;k|sf/sf] k|ltudgsf/L sbd rfNg ;xh
agfof] . dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ;+;bjfbLx?n] af]n] dfq pgLx?k|lt g/d x'g] b/af/sf]
cleJolQmn] of] s'/fsf] k'li6 x'G5 .
&= ef/t / rLg tyf ef/t–kfls:tfgaLrsf] cGtlj{/f]wn] jt{dfg 36gfdf an
k|bfg u¥of] . cfh b/af/n] tfOjfgsf] k|Zgdf v'n]/ rLgsf] ;dy{g ug{' / bnfO
nfdfk|lt s7f]/ /j}of ckgfOPsf] tYon] / rLg / kfls:tfgn] hfx]/ u/]sf cleJolQmx? /
;xof]un] of] s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 .
*= cd]l/sfn] ckmuflg:tfg / O/fskl5 O/fg / pQ/ sf]l/oflt/ Wofg s]lGb|t ug{
k/]sf] / g]kfndf cd]l/sfn] k|ToIf e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ ef/t;“u ;DaGw lalu|g]
s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbP/ ef/tnfO{ g} g]kfnsf] ljifodf kxn ug{ 5fl8lbPsf] sf/0f b/af/ /
ef/taLrsf] s6'tfsf sf/0f b/af/ pQ]lht eP/ of] sbd rfNg k|]l/t eof] . rLg
‘/ ?;sf] cd]l/sf;“u a9\b} uPsf] cGt/lj/f]wn] klg pQm 36gf 36fpg an ldNof] .
lgisif{
36gf :jo+n] cfºgf] pTklQsf] sf/0fnfO{ k|efljt ub{5 . / :jo+ csf{]
36gfsf] sf/0f klg aGb5 . sf/0f / 36gfaLrsf] åGåfTds ;DaGwnfO{ cfTd;ft
u/]/ xfdLn] kxn u¥of}+ eg] of] df3 !( sf] gsf/fTds 36gf, h'g 36\g'df xfdLn]
;[li6 ul/lbPsf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds sf/0fn] e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5, nfO{
b[9OR5fzlQm / ;fxl;nf sbdåf/f ;sf/fTdsdf abNg ;lsG5 . cyf{t\ …nfQfn]
xfg]sf] s's'/ vl6of pk/Ú eGg] nf]splQmnfO{ Jojxf/åf/f k'g{k'li6 ug{ ;lsG5 .
t/ xfdLn] of] 36gfsf] nflu h'6fOlbPsf] ;sf/fTds sf/0fnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L 9+un]
a]n}df cufl8 a9fpg / gsf/fTds sf/0fnfO{ a]n}df ;Rofpg ;lsPg eg] 1fg]Gb|sf]
kmfl;jfbL ;Qfn] cfºg} pTklQsf sf/0fx?, h'g xfd|f sdLsdhf]/L;“u ;DalGwt 5g\,
nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L 9+un] kl/rfng u/]/ df3 !( ut]sf] k|ltudgsf/L sbdnfO{ :yfloTj
k|bfg ug{] lglZrt\ k|foM 5 . clxn] kmfl;jfb / hgjfb, lg/+s'ztGq / nf]stGq
Pscfk;df tLj| ?kn] 6s/fO/x]sf 5g\ . kmfl;jfbn] lhTg] xf] ls hgjfbn] lhTg]
xf] cem} lglZrt eO;s]sf] 5}g . oltv]/ h;n] cfºgf] ju{leqsf] cyf{t\ cfGtl/s
cGtlj{/f]w xn u/L ;'b[9 Pstf sfod u/]/ dWodju{nfO{ cfºgf] kIfdf h'6fpg ;S5 ToxL
kIf ljhoL aGb5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbnfO{ k|of]u u/]/
;'b[9 Pstf sfod u/L cGo ldqju{ / zlQmx?nfO{ ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]
Go"gtd sfo{qmdsf cfwf/df uf]naG4 u/L kmfl;jfb lj?4 s]lGb|s[t / PsLs[t
;+3if{ kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 . o;sf nflu æbfz{lgsx?n] ;+;f/sf] JofVof t
u/]sf 5g\, d'Vo s'/f o;nfO{ abNg' xf]Æ eGg] dfS;{sf] egfOnfO{ hLjgbz{g agfpg ;Sg'
kb{5 . cGoyf Oltxf;sf] sfnf] kfgfdf xfdL ;d]l6g k'Ug] lglZrt k|foM 5 .
)^! r}q @@
–;xh
of] b]zdf k/fk"j{sfnb]lv j;f]af; ub]{ cfPsf yfdL hflt hghflt cGtu{t
kb{5g\ . of] hfltnfO{ cem ulxl/P/ x]bf{ cflbjf;L hghflt eGg ;lsG5 . of] hflt ls/ft
;d'xdf kb{5 . oxf“ ls/ft ;d'bfo g} g]kfnsf] klxnf] jfl;Gbf x'g eGg] s'/f Oltxf;
/ lznfn]vaf6 k|dfl0ft ePsf]n] yfdL hflt klg w]/} klxnf b]lv a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf]
:ki6 5 . of] hflt t/fO{sf] kmf“6b]lv uf}/Lz+s/sf] km]b;Dd g} a:b} cfPsf] 5 .
of] hflt ;fd'lxstfdf ?rL /fVb5 / a;f]af; ubf{ Ps} 7fp“df em?Kk ufp“ agfP/
a:g a9L ?rfp“5g\ . of] hflt d'Vo ?kdf j;f]jf; ug]{ If]qdf bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
/ /fd]5fk eP klg ljz]iftM sfln~rf]s /]~r g} o;sf] pbud :yn xf] . yfdL hflt cToGt}
;f]emf], ldng;f/ / em}–emu8f g?rfpg] zflGtk|]dL hflt xf] . t/ of] hflt
zq';“u zq'tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ l;kfn' x'G5 . of] hflt clt g} kl/>dL hflt
klg xf] t/ hflt ;f]emf]s} sf/0f kmfObf p7fp“b} cGo af7f hfltaf6 zf]lift /
zflift eO/x]sf] 5 . of] hflt cWoog sfo{ -lzIff_ df eg] Tolt nfu]sf] kfOb}g t/
ljsf;sf] qmddf cWoog sfo{df ?rL /fVg yfn]sf] 5 . cWoog sfo{nfO{ u/LaLsf] sf/0f
aLr}df 6'ª\Uofpg' of] hfltnfO{ ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] lbPsf] pkxf/ xf] . k|foh;f]
yfdL hfltdf sDo'lgi6 l;4fGtjf6 dfq} cfºgf] d'lQm x'g] r]tgf ljsf; ePsf]n]
g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf o; hfltsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x“b} cfPsf]
5 . cGt/f{li6«o dxŒj af]s]sf] lk:s/ xTofsf08df zxLbx? On] yfdL / jL/axfb'/
yfdLn] cfºgf] /ut aufp“b} g]t[Tjsf] /Iff ug'{n] o; hfltsf] cfGbf]ngk|ltsf]
lgi7fsf] emNsf] lbG5 . t/ clxn] cfP/ o; hftLnfO{ ;+;bjfbL, ;+zf]wfgjfbL tyf
k|ltlqmofjfbL u'6n] g/fd|f];“u wf]sf lbP/ csd{0otfdf km;fPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy;fy}
o; hfltsf k5f8L o; ;d'bfonfO{ b]zsf d'7\7Le/ zfifsju{x?n] cfly{s nufotsf k|nf]eg
b]vfP/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'lQm cleofg …hgo'4Ú lj?4 k|of]u ug]{ w[i6tf ul//x]sf]
5 .
@)%@ kmfu'g ! ut]af6 ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 b]z / ;j{xf/fju{sf]
d'lQmsf] vflt/ >dhLjLju{n] rnfPsf] dxfg\ g]kfnL hgo'4df cfºgf] d'lQm b]v]/
of] hfltn] ljljw 9ª\un] hgo'4nfO{ ;3fp“b} / ;lDdlnt x'“b} uPsf] kfOG5 .
ef}lts ?kdf d[To'dfly ljho k|fKt gu/L d'lQmsf] ;Defjgf 5}g eGg] cf]hsf ;fy nfUg'
ePsf s=/fh]Gb| yfdL, s=lht]Gb| -afa'sfhL_, s=sNof0f yfdL, o;} u/L yfdL /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{sf tTsflng dxf;lrj /Tgaxfb'/ yfdL -s=pbo_ nufot ;Dk"0f{ zxLb Pj+
lk:s/ xTofsf08df ;d]t hLjg jlnbfg lbg' x'g] jL/axfb'/ yfdL / On] yfdLsf jlnbfgn]
yfdL hfltsf] pTyfg / d'lQmsf] uf}/jdo Oltxf;sf lhp“bf k|df0f x'g\ . g]kfnsf]
of] gof“ lk9Ln] rnfPsf] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] l;nl;nfdf ;d]t yfdL hflt / ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfn]
csf]{ dxŒjnfO{ :yflkt ul//x]sf] 5 .
t;y{ yfdL hfltsf jL/ jL/fª\ugfn] ;+zf]wgjfbL uf]n rSs/ / cfly{s k|nf]eg
;d]tnfO{ rsgfr'/ kf/L hLjg hgtfsf] lglDt pT;u{ ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o;/L Oltxf;sf]
6'6]sf] s8L / gof“ s8L aLr Pstf sfod ub}{ dxfg\ hgo'4df ;xefuL e} gof“ 9ª\un]
Oltxf;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg yfdL hflt cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . ljb|f]x ug'{ clwsf/ xf] eGg]
dfS;{jfbL k|:tfkgfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ Pdfn] h:tf] 3f]/ blIf0fkGyL, cj;/jfbL, /fhfjfbL
lsQfaf6 ljb|f]x u/L dxfg\ Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cu|;/ x'g' g} jf:tjdf yfdL
hfltsf] d'lQmsf] Psdfq af6f] xf] . To;sf/0f hftLo d'lQmsf] klxnf] cfwf/ :tDe v8f
ug{sf nflu ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfnfO{ a'‰g' / cfkm"nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug'{ g}
jf:tjdf o; hfltsf] d'lQm cGt/ lglxt x'G5 .
yfdL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{df Pstfj4 eO{ ;lbof}+ b]lvsf zf]if0f, pTkL8gaf6
d'lQm kfpg] Psdfq af6f] hgo'4 ePsf]n] o;df ;xefuL aGg h?/L 5 . o;n] dfq
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+zf]wfjfb tyf gj;+zf]wgjfbL u'6sf] lrxfg vGg] 5 . To;sf/0f yfdL
hfltsf] Pstf / hgo'4df ;xefuLtf g} Tof] P]ltxfl;s bfloTj k"/f ug]{ dfu{
ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ulDe/tf k"j{s cfTd;ft ug'{ kb{5 . jf:tjdf juL{o d'lQm ljgf
hftLo d'lQm c;Dej ePsf]n] pTkLl8t hflt, /fi6« / >dsf] Pstf g} jf:tjdf ljZj
qmflGtsf] t'kmfgnfO{ j]ujfg ultdf cufl8 a9fP/ ljZj k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] lrxfg vg]/
zf]if0f d"ns ;dfhsf] cGTo u/L ;dtfd"ns ljZj ;fDojfbL ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug{
;lsG5 . hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng juL{o cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfdf cGt/lglxt ePsf]n] ljZj
PTkLl8t hfltx?df kg]{ yfdL hfltsf] d'lQmsf] jf6f] klg ju{o'4 xf] . ;j{x/f juL{o
cfGbf]ngdf Pstf sfod ug'{ kb{5 . yfdL hftLsf] tkm{jf6 yfdL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{
dfq To:tf] ;ª\u7g xf] h;n] juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng cyjf hgo'4df hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ng hf]8\b} cfºgf] P]ltxfl;s bfloTj k"/f ug{ cu|;/ 5 .
yfdL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{–lhGbfjfb,
dxfg\ hgo'4–lhGbfjfb †