cGo ;dfrf/

nf]sdl0f cleofgsf] xfnva/

lj/f6gu/÷cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_n] ;+rfng u/]sf] jL/ nf]sd0fL k|lt/f]w cleofg cGtu{t ePsf ljljw ;dfrf/x? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .

;f] cleofgsf] qmddf emfkfsf] @ g+= Pl/ofsf] 7]ls6f]nfdf zfxL ;]gfsf n7}tx?;“u zf/Ll/s ;DjGw /fVb} cfPsL jL;{gf /fhj+zLnfO{ oxL r}q * ut] lgoGq0fdf lnO ;f] lu/f]xsf cGo ;b:ox? ;lxt cleofgsf] kxndf hg;d'bfosf ;fd' dfkmL dufO cfOGbf To:tf] Jojxf/ gug]{ zt{df  d'Qm ul/Psf] 5 .

To:t} @ g+= Pl/ofsf] 7]ls6f]nfd} r}q & ut] rf/ j6f a+s/ lgd{f0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] kmfol/ª h'n';kl5 yflkPsf] PDj';df zfxL ;]gfsf b'O{ hjfg ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . ptf ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o tyf d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo ;+of]hs ;L=kL=s8l/ofsf] k|d'v cfltYodf wgs'6fsf] uug uf=h=;=-dw'dNnf_df r}q & ut] cleofgsf] aL l6dn] ;~rfng u/]sf] ljzfn hg;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug'ePsf] 5 . jxf“n] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;}Go ;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf lng ;z:q af6f] ckgfpg} kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

       cleofgs} qmddf ;L l6dn] emfkfdf ljljw ultljlw u/]sf ;dfrf/x? klg k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . h;cg';f/ r}q ^ ut] gSsnL dfcf]jfbL alg rGbf cft+s dRrfpg] tf]kuf5L & sf Hjfnf eg]/ lrlgg] k|sfz l3ld/], ls/0f elgg] a;Gt y]j] / xs{ /fO{nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO p7fPsf] /sd kf6L{nfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{ / cfOGbf To:tf] Jojxf/ gug]{ zt{df d'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . r}q ! ut] tf]kuf5Lsf] ;dou9df sf]0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 eg] s'Voft ;fdGt u0f]z l3ld/]sf] 3/, hUuf,  cGg / rf}kfofx? ;d]t sAhf u/L ;'s'Djf;LnfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

ejgdf ad lj:kmf]6g

Onfd÷ oxL r}q !) ut] /ftL ( ah] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?n] Onfd gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ejgdf zlQmzfnL ad lj:kmf]6g u/fPsf 5g\ . lj:kmf]6gaf6 ejg sfd gnfUg] x'g'sf] ;fy} ;f] ejgleq /x]sf sDKo'6/ nufotsf clwsf+z k|fljlws ;fdu|Lx? gi6 ePsf 5g\ .

kmfu'g #) ut] dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf s=k|r08åf/f 3f]if0ff ePsf] r}qel/sf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd cGtu{t hgtfsf] k|ToIf zf]if0f ul//x]sf] kmfl;jfbL ;Qfsf] :yfgLo lgsfodfly of] ;]jf]6]h ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .  

Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] kf6L{ 5f8]

      lj/f6gu/÷ Pdfn] df]/ª lhNnfsf Pshgf Onfsf ;lrj, b'O{hgf ;b:o / Pshgf ufp“ sld6L ;lrjn] kf6L{af6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs jQmJodfkm{t\ To;/L Pdfn] 5f8\g]x?df df]/ªsf] s]/faf/Lsf Onfsf ;lrj tyf k"j{ lhlj; ;b:o gjLg yfkfdu/, Onfsf ;b:o tyf k"j{ uflj; cWoIf gf/fo0f du/, ;b:o xl/axfb'/ a:g]t /  s]/faf/L ufp“ sld6Lsf ;lrj tyf s]/faf/L uflj; pkfWoIf v]d/fh ;'j]bL x'g'x'G5 .     
       kf6L{ 5f8\g]x?dWo] s;}n] la/fdLsf] sf/0f t s;}n] JolQmut 3/fo;L sf/0f b]vfPtf klg Pdfn]n] zfxL kmfl;jfbsf] lj?4df h'emf? ;+3if{ ug'{sf] ;§f p;s} cf]t d'lg a:g] ljrf/ / Jojxf/f b]vfPsf]n] tL OdfGbf/ sfo{stf{x?n] ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqk|lt k"0f{ ;dy{g hgfp“b} Pdfn] kl/Tofu u/]sf] ljZj:t ;"qaf6 yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 . 

lu/km\tf/kl5 lgd{d xTof

    kf“ry/÷kf“ry/sf] /f“s] ahf/af6 l;nf}6L 6fj/sf zfxL ;]gfn] lgbf]{if ljBfyL{ czf]s lg/f}nfnfO{ r}q * ut] lu/km\tf/ u/L r}q !& ut] 6fj/eGbf s/Lj ! sf]if tn nlu uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]/ k'/]sf] vj/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf n]G; gfos dbg b]jsf]6fn] ljb|f]x u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{ ePkl5 ;f] 36gfsf] jf:tljstf v'n]sf] xf] . 

    hfgsf/L cg';f/ lgh czf]s lg/f}nf ;f] lbg emfkfdf SofDk;df cWoog ug{sf] lglDt cfÇgf] 3/ tfKn]h'· l;s}hf ^ af6 /f“s] ahf/ cfOk'u]sf lyP . kl/jf/hgn] ;a}lt/ vf]hL ubf{ klg st} km]nf kl//x]sf lyPgg\ . zfxL ;+rf/ dfWodn] Ps k6s lghsf] gfd hf]8\b} cft+ssf/Lsf] d[To' elg k|rf/ u/]sf] ePtf klg lghsf kl/jf/hgdf xfn;Dd hfgsf/L eP÷gePsf] yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}5\ .  

;'/fsL / Jolerf/LnfO{ hgsfjf{xL

     kf“ry/÷cfkm\g} efO -nf]s]Gb| ;DjfxfDkm]_sf] ;'/fsL u/L zfxL ;]gfaf6 xTof u/fpg] /fgLufp“ $ sf uf}/Ldfg ;DjfxfDkm], dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ eLd ;DjfxfKkm]sf] ;'/fsL ug]{ ;f]xL ufp“ j8f g+ & sL ufp“sL csL{ ;'/fsL x/Ldfof v8\sf / xfª\u'd ^ sf of}g Jolerf/L jL/axfb'/ 9sfnnfO{ kf“ry/sf] hg;Qfn] clglZrt\sfnLg >dlzlj/df k7fPsf] 5 .

       k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ uf}/Ldfgn] efO;+u hdLgsf] ljifodf klxn]b]lv rn]sf] ljjfbsf] OjL ;f“Wb} cfkm}n] lbPsf] l/kf]{6sf] cfwf/df )%( h]i7 @! ut] efO nf]s]Gb| ;DjfxfDkm]nfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] df/]sf] s'/f kmfu'g @& ut] hglx/f;tdf :jLsf/]sf lyP . cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf lghsf a'jfcfdfn] klg To:t} l/kf]{6 kf6L{nfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] . o;} u/L x/Ldfof v8\sf SofDk;df k/LIff lbg ;b/d'sfd hf“bf b'Zdgn] lu/Çtf/ u/L b'O{ dlxgf;Dd y'gfdf /fv]sf] a]nf ufp“sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;'/fs lbg] sjf]n u/L y'gfd'Qm ePsL lyOg\ . ;f] cg';f/ g} lghn] lbPsf] ;'/fssf] cfwf/df )^! sflQ{s !$ ut] zfxL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ eLd ;DjfxfDkm]sf] /fgLufp“ ltªb]gdf xTof u/]sf] s'/f] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf lgh v8\sfn] :jLsf/]sL 5g\ .

       ptf xfª\u'd ^ sf jL/axfb'/ 9sfnn] ;f]xL 7fp“sL ;~r/fgL lnDj";+u k6s–k6s of}g ;DjGw /fVb} cfPsf] / kmfu'g @% ut] sAhfdf lnO ;fdfGo ef}lts sfjf{xL u/L ;'w|g] r]tfjgL ;lxt 5fl8Psf] lyof] . t/ ;'w|g'sf] ;§f lghn] cem} 3/df >LdtLnfO{ s'6lk6 ub}{ ;~r/fgL;+u} of}g ;DjGw /fVb} cfPsf] / ;~r/fgLn] jL/axfb'/nfO{ k7fPsf] lr¶L ;lxt lghsL >LdtLn] hgcbfntdf ph'/L btf{ u/]kl5 hgcbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd ltgLx?nfO{ clglZr\sfnLg >dlzlj/df k7fOPsf] 5 . 

k|jf;lt/

cnu 5}gg k|jf;Lx? klg hgcfGbf]ngaf6

       g]kfn 3/ u'NdL / xfn xl/of0ff /fHosf] u'8uf“psf] Pp6f ;fgf] sDkgLdf sfo{/t dhb'/ b'uf{ u}/]n] clk|n ^ slxn] cfpnf eg]/ cf}+nf ef“r]/ k|tLIff u/]sf] klg w]/} lbg eO;s]sf] 5 . pgnfO{ To; lbg lbNnLdf x'g] g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] lj/f]w sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfpg / g]kfndf eO/x]sf xfnsf ultljlwsf af/]df hfGg 7"nf] pT;'stf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg 7fp“df sfo{/t cfkm\gf ufp“7fp“sf lrg]hfg]sf dfG5] e]6\g] df}sfsf] ?kdf klg pgn] o; sfo{qmdnfO{ lnPsf 5g\ . o;}n] pgL o; lbgsf] sfo{qmddf hfgsf nflu sDkgL dflns;“u 5'§L ldnfO;s]sf 5g\ .

       g]kfn 3/ uf]/vf / xfn pQ/ k|b]zsf] uflhofjfbsf] Ps …df]xNnfÚdf /flt rf}sLbf/L ug{] slkn b]jsf]6f klg clk|n ^ tbg';f/ r}q @$ ut]sf] hgclwsf/sf] sfo{qmddf hfg uf]8f prfn]/ a;]sf 5g\ . pgL dfq To; sfo{qmddf hf“b} 5}gg\ To; If]qdf sfo{/t cGo g]kfnLnfO{ lnP/ hf“b}5g . pgL eG5g\ — æd]/} :jtGq kxndf t]x| hgf g]kfnLx? sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/fp“b}5' .Æ

       pgLx? b'j} hgf g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltsf sfo{stf{ eg] xf]Ogg\ . b'uf{ u}/] klxnf Pdfn] / slkn b]jsf]6f g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{ x'g . b'j}df k'/fgf] kf6L{k|lt sfkmL ljt[i0ff t 5 t/ pgLx? clxn] g} cGo kf6L{ of ;+u7gdf k|j]z u/L xfNg] dgl:yltdf b]lvb}+gg\ . b]zleq dfcf]jfbLn] rnfPsf] hgo'4k|lt cfsif{0f a9\b} uPsf] 5 pgLx?df . hgtfsf] kIfdf x'g] ;a} vfn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ aflx/af6 ;xof]u u/]/ hfg] pgLx? dg;'jf JoQm u5{g . oxL p2]Zosf ;fy pgLx? hgclwsf/sf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'“b}5g\ . s]xL lbg klxn]sf] ;+;bjfbL zlQmsf] lbNnLdf ePsf] ;+o'Qm sfo{qmddf klg pgLx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

       g]kfn 3/ u'NdL / lk/fu9Lsf] Ps xf]6ndf sfo{/t /fd l3ld/]sL kTgL sNkgf l3ld/] cfkm\gf] rf/ dlxgfsf] aRrf sfvL Rofk]/ eP klg sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] atfO/x]sL l5g\ . >Ldfgn] udL{ / eL8sf sf/0fn] aRrfnfO{ ufx|f] x'G5 eGb} >LdtLnfO{ ghfg cfu|x u/] klg pgL Tof] s'/f ;'Gg tof/ 5}gg\ . pgL ufp“sf] l5d]sL Ps dlxnf 5fkfdf/sf] gfd lnb}+ elG5g– p;n] aRrf af]s]/ ;w}+ o'4df psfnf] cf]/fnf] lx+8\bf d aRrf lnP/ lbNnLsf] sfo{qmd ;'Gg lsg ;lSbg <

       hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltn] /fv]sf] clk|n ^ sf] sfo{qmddf 7"nf] pT;fxsf ;fy hg;xeflutf x'g] b]lvG5 . hg;xeflutf  h'6fpg hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt ef/tn] klg krf{ kf]:6l/ª, jfn k]lG6ª / 3/ b}nf] sfo{qmd rnfPsf] 5 . To;}n] of] sfo{qmddf hgclwsf/sf g]tf, sfo{stf{, ;dy{s dfq xf]Og 7"nf] ;+Vofdf cGo kf6L{sf sfo{stf{, ;dy{s, hgtf / efOrf/fsf] klg ;xeflutf x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . hgclwsf/sf cWoIf nId0f kGt eGg'x'G5 – æo; sfo{qmddf ef/tel/af6 Jofks ;+Vofdf hgtf, g]tf, sfo{stf{sf] pkl:ylt x'g]5 . /, o; sfo{qmddf efOrf/fsf] klg ;xeflutf x'g]5 .Æ

       sfo{qmd:yn lbNnL /fHosf cWoIf ;xb]j af]u6L eGg'x'G5 æef/tJofkL cfpg] xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf] lglDt x'g] cfjZos Joj:yfkgsf] tof/L k"/f ul/;s]sf 5f}+ .æ pxf“n] lbNnL / o; j/k/sf hgtfsf] pNn]Vo pkl:yltsf lglDt ljz]if 9+un] nfu]sf] klg atfpg' eof] .

       g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltsf pkfWoIf ldqz/0f eGg'x'G5–  ær}q @$ sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] :d/0fdf ul/g nfu]sf] o; sfo{qmddf o; k6s blIf0f ef/tsf hgtfn] cfkm\g} vr{df 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] atfPsf 5g . ef/tdf /x]sf g]kfnL /fhfaf6 ePsf] kl5Nnf] sbdaf6 lgs} cfqmf]l;t 5g\ / cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL eP/ cfkm\gf] cfqmf]; kf]Vg rfxG5g\ .Æ

       g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldtsf ;lrj /fhg bfxfn klg x}b/fjfb / cGo If]qaf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf lbNnLsf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] atfpg' x'G5 .

       hgclwsf/ pQ/ klZrd /fHo ;ldltsf cWoIf ;L=kL= zf:qL, k+hfa–hDd"–sZdL/sf cWoIf /fdk|;fb l3ld/], k+hfj–xl/of0ff–/fh:yfgsf cWoIf ljZjgfy zdf{, dxf/fi6«sf 6Lsf/fdn] klg gf]s/L / cGo y'k|} sl7gfOsf afjh'b lbNnLsf] sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf] If]qaf6 hgtfsf] 7"nf] ;xeflutf /xg] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

       clxn] hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltdf cfj4 x'g]x?dfq} xf]Og cGo /fhgLlts ;+u7gdf sfd ug{] sfo{stf{ ;dy{sx?sf] klg 7"nf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt x'g] b]lvG5 . h'emf? sfo{qmd gNofO/x]sf sf/0f c;Gt'i6 ag]sfx?nfO{ hgclwsf/sf] nuftf/sf] cfGbf]ngn] cfsif{0f k}bf u/]sf] 5 / ltgLx?sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf x'g] ;Defjgf 5 .

       b]zdf dfcf]jfbLn] rsf{p“b} cfPsf] cfGbf]ngaf6 cfslif{t eP/ / To;af/] hfGg] pT;'stfsf ;fy cfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof klg pNn]Vo x'g] b]lvG5 .

       b'uf{ u}/]s} zAbdf æb]znfO{ ajf{bdf k'¥ofpg] /fhfsf] lj/f]w / xfdLh:tf u/Lasf] kIfdf clxn] dfcf]jfbL plePsf] 5 . /, ;a}sf] e/kbf{] ljsNk ag]sf] 5 . o;}n] klg b]zdf dfcf]jfbLn] s] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;'Ggsf nflu dfG5] of] sfo{qmddf cfp“b}5g\ .

       slkn b]jsf]6fsf] dt klg To:t} vfnsf] 5 . b]jsf]6f eG5g\ æ ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?n] Oltxf;df 7"nf] uNtL u/] . cfkm\gf] / cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] pHHjn eljiosf lglDt b]z / hgtfsf] eljionfO k"/} cGwsf/df ws]n] . pgLx?n] k|f8f], kh]/f] / dxnsf nflu cfkm\gf] cf:yf dfq a]r]gg\ ls ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ lg/+s'z k~rfotL Joj:yfeGbf km/s xf] eGg] cg'e"t u/fpg} ;s]gg\ . cfh o;}sf] kmfObf p7fP/ /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] ;}lgs andf lg/+s'z zf;g rnfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ljsNk ;}lgs ;Qf xf]Og u0ftGq x'g'k5{ . clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 cWoIf k|r08n] cl3 ;f/]sf] ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq o; dfg]df ;fGble{s 5 . oxL g} clxn] ;a}sf] ;femf gf/f x'g'k5{ .Æ

       g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] af/]df ef/tdf dhb'/L u/]/ klg ;l6s 9+un] ljZn]if0f ug{;Sg] u}/] / b]jsf]6f dfcf]jfbLn] ljuteGbf cfkm"nfO{ lgs} ;'wf/]sf] wf/0ff AoQm ug{'x'G5 . b]z / hgtfsf lglDt u/] dfcf]jfbLn] u/] s]xL unf{ c?af6 t gtfn] cfzf dfl/;s]sf] pxf“x?sf] ts{ 5 .

       j8f km/fl;nf / ljDj k|of]u ub{} ts{ ug{] b]jsf]6f eG5g\ æ/fhfn] ;+;bjfbLx?sf] lgj'jf lgrf]/]/ lg:s]sf] 5f]qmf em}+ kf/]/ /x\ofgdf ldNsfOlbP .æ pgL cem cufl8 a9\b} eG5g\— æ/fhfn] ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?nfO{ lgx'“/fp“bf lgx'/fp“bf olt;Dd lgx'/fP ls uf]8f;Dd 9f]Ug nufP . clxn] ToxL lgx'/]sf] 6fpsf]df 3g ahf/] . t/ pgLx?sf] :jfledfg olt lul/;s]sf] /x]5 ls tL g]tfx?sf] ;+3if{ ug{} g;Sg] l:yltdf k'lu;s] 5g\ . ltgLx?sf] clnslt a'l4 cfpg] xf] eg] of] a]nf ;+3if{df cfP/ uNtL ;Rofpg' k¥of] . t/, wg'i6sf+/ eP/ lgx'l/Psf;“u km]l/ 7f8f] lz/ kf/]/ n8\g] ;+efjgf d}n] rflx+ b]lVbg .Æ

       b]jsf]6f / u}/]sf] s'/fn] cfGbf]ngn] gof“ w'j|Ls/0fsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 . k'/fgf lj/f;tx? eTsfP/ kl/jt{gsf] kIf / ljkIfdf b]znfO{ af“8\g] 9+¨n] .

k|jf; ;Djfbbftf