d'Vo ;dfrf/x?
dfcf]jfbLåf/f hg;d'bfok|lt cfef/ JoQm
sf7df8f}+ ÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] cfh Ps jQmJo k|sflzt ug{'eO{ tdfd
sl7gfO{ / zfxL ;}lgs kmfl;jfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] bdg / cft+ssf jfjh'b aGbnfO{ ;kmn
kfg{ ;xof]u ug{] ;a} tx / tKsfsf hg;d'bfok|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ug{'ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] cfkm\gf] jQmJodf xfn} ePsf] ?s'dsf] vf/fsf] le8Gtn] ;du| o'4nfO{ gof“
:t/df p7fPsf] jtfpg'ePsf] 5 .
Úotf
s]xL ;dob]lv xfd|f] kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgaf/] hg;d'bfodf e|d 5g{] s'lT;t dg;fon]
b'Zdg / cj;/jfbLx?åf/f eO/x]sf] lgof]lht b':k|rf/k|lt klg xfd|f] Wofg cfslif{t
ePsf] 5Ú eGg'x'“b} pxf“n] jQmJosf] cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 5 – Úo'4sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf]
Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{leq cd"s g]tf jf sfo{stf{ cg'zf;gsf] sfjf{xLdf kg{] /
k'g:yf{kgf x'g] :jfefljs k|lqmofnfO{ ltnsf] kxf8 agfpg] b'Zdgsf if8\oGqx? kfgLsf]
kmf]sf em}+ ljnfpg] s'/f lglZrt 5 . Ú
pxf“n]
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/sf] pRrfo'Qmsf] If]qLo sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u ug{]
atfp“b} eGg'ePsf] 5 – …clxn] dfgjlwsf/sf] dfq ko{j]If0fsf lgldQ eP klg ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3sf] kxnnfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] lglZrt ?kdf ;xof]u ug{]5 .Ú
cWoIf
sd/]8 k|r08sf] jQmJo ;fdlos Pjd\ P]ltxfl;s ePsfn] To;sf] ;Dk"0f{ kf7
k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 –
!_ ut df3 !( ut]sf] slyt zfxL 3f]if0ffsf lj?4 xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] /fhg}lts / kmf}hL b'j} If]qaf6 ;zQm k|lt/f]w ub{} cfPsf]
5 . g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lg/+s'z k~rfotL sfn/fqLdf kmsf{pg b':;fx; ug{] pQm
3f]if0ffsf] k|lt/f]wsf] kl5Nnf] s8Lsf] ?kdf xfdLn] oxL r}q @) ut]b]lv #) ut];Dd
cfd x8tfn -g]kfn aGb_sf] cfJxfg u/]sf lyof} . cfkm\gf tdfd sl7gfO{ / zfxL ;}lgs
kmfl;jfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] bdg / cft+ssf jfjh'b aGbnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;xof]u ug{] ;a}
tx / tKsfsf hg;d'bfok|lt xfd|f] kf6L{ xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . aGbsf sf/0f x'g]
cK7\of/fx?k|lt ;r]t x'“bfx'“b} klg ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfsf] cGTo / k|hftflGqs gof“
g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfsf] r]tgfn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ To;k|sf/sf
cK7\of/fx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd t'NofPsf] 5 .
@_ b]zJofkL kmf}hL k|lt/f]wsf] >[+vnfdf xfn} ?s'dsf] vf/fdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
tkm{af6 zfxL hNnfbx?sf] SofDkdf ;fxl;s cfqmd0f ul/Psf] 5 . zfxL lg/+s'z ;Qfsf
tdfd s'k|rf/x?sf lj?4 pQm cfqmd0fdf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] jL/tf / alnbfgsf] gof“
sLlt{dfgåf/f b'Zdgsf] d'6' dfq ysf{Psf] 5}g clkt' df]rf{a4 o'4sf] b'O{ lbg]
cEof;af6 ;du| o'4nfO{ gof“ :t/df ljsf; ug{] lzIff / cg'ejsf] 9f]sf ;d]t
vf]n]sf] 5 . b'Zdgsf] /IffTds / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] cfqmd0ffTds l:yltnfO{ k|dfl0ft
ug{] pQm df]rf{sf] cg'ejn] gof“ ljho cleofgnfO{ hGd lbg] s'/f lglZrt 5 . ;du|
o'4nfO{ gof“ :t/df p7fpg df]rf{j4 o'4df cfkm\gf] k|f0fsf] cfx'lt lbg] qmflGtsf/L
of]4fx? cd/ /xg]5g\ †
#_ otf s]xL ;dob]lv xfd|f] kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgaf/] hg;d'bfodf e|d 5g{]
s'lT;t dg;fon] b'Zdg / cj;/jfbLx?åf/f eO/x]sf] lgof]lht b'Zk|rf/k|lt klg xfd|f]
Wofg cfslif{t ePsf] 5 . bz jif{b]lv dxfg\ hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj ub{} cfPsf] Ps ;hLj /
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ x'g'sf] gftfn] To;leq cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;fj{ef}d lgodcg';f/ ljlzi6
jx; x'g' ;j{yf :jfefljs 5 . jL;f}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejaf6 lzIff
lnO{ @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;
;DaGwL gof“ k|:tfjgfsf ;fy xfd|f] kf6L{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . To;cg';f/ gof“
kf6L{, gof“ ;Qf / gof“ ;]gfsf] :j?k / ;DaGwaf/] xfdL uDeL/ cWoog / ax;sf]
k|lqmofdf 5f}+ . xfd|f] kf6L{ o;k|sf/sf] ;}4flGts ax;df cfd hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf
;d]t ;'lglZrt ug{ k|lta4 5 . Oltxf;df gof“ k|of]uåf/f ljrf/sf] ljsf; ug{]
xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf] of] k|lqmofnfO{ cWoIf k|r08 / afa'/fd e§/fO{sf]
JolQmut emu8fsf ?kdf lu/fP/ k|rf/ ug{] tTjx?k|lt ;fjwfg /xg xfdL qmflGtsf/L
hg;d'bfodf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . o'4sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] Pp6f qmflGtsf/L
kf6L{leq cd"s g]tf jf sfo{stf{ cg'zf;gsf] sfjf{xLdf kg{] / k'g:yf{kgf x'g]
:jfefljs k|lqmofnfO{ ltnsf] kxf8 agfpg] b'Zdgsf if8\oGqx? kfgLsf] kmf]sf em}+
ljnfpg] s'/f lglZrt 5 .
$_
zfxL ;}lgs SofDksf] tf/ jf/ / /fhwfgLdf ;Lldt ;fdGtL tTjx?n] c~rfnfwLz / If]qLo
k|zf;ssf] lgo'Qm u/]/ lg/+s'z k~rfotL e"tnfO{ Ao'“emfpg] yk gf}6+sLsf]
k|bz{g ul/;s]sf 5g\ . of] k~rfotL e"tsf lj?4 df]rf{a4 cfGbf]ngsf lgldQ
xfd|f] kf6L{ k'gM b]zsf ;a} /fhg}lts bn, gful/s ;dfh, jf}l4s tKsf /
cfdhg;d'bfo;“u hf]8bf/ ckLn ub{5 . zfxL ;}lgs kmfl;jfbsf] dGb ljifaf6 d'Qm eO
hgtfsf] jf:tljs k|hftGqsf lgldQ hLjgd/0fsf] n8fO+{ nl8/x]sf] kf6L{;“u df]rf{
sfod ug{ hlt l9nf u¥of] cGo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cl:tTj Tolt g} ;Lldt x'“b} hfg]
s'/f :ki6 5 . ctM ljutsf sdLsdhf]/Lk|lt cfTdfnf]lrt x'“b} Ps} 7fp“df pleP/ ;fdGtL
lg/+s'z /fhtGqaf6 g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug{ tyf ;+ljwfg;ef / ax'bnLo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] ul//x]sf] ckLnnfO{ k'gM lgwf/
v'DrfP/ ljrf/ ug{ xfdL ;DalGwt ;a};“u cfu|x ub{5f}+ . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfsf lj?4
cGTo;Dd n8\g xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .
%_ g]kfndf ljBdfg k|hftGq / lg/+s'ztGqsf aLrsf] n8fO“df ljBdfg uDeL/ /fhg}lts
d'2fnfO{ ;Daf]wg / ;dfwfg gu/L zlfGt / dfgjclwsf/sf] jf:tljs k|flKt ;Dej 5}g .
o;sf lgldQ xfd|f] kf6L{n] nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] e"ldsfsf] dfu
ub{} cfPsf] 5 . clxn] dfgjlwsf/sf] dfq ko{j]If0fsf lgldQ eP klg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf]
kxnnfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] lglZrt ?kdf ;xof]u ug{]5 . xfdL rfxG5f}+ ls /fi6«;+3n]
slyt zfxL ;]gfåf/f ljutb]lv jt{dfg;Dd eO/x]sf /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x?nfO{ a]kQf kfg{],
lgbf{]if / lgxTyf ls;fgx?sf ufp“ cfuf] nufpg], dlxnfx?dfly anfTsf/ ug{] /
d'7e]8sf em'¶f aofg hf/L u/]/ lu/km\tf/ sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof ug{] h:tf h3Go ck/fwsf]
5fgljg / kbf{kmf; ug{]5 . To;df xfd|f] kf6L{sf] k"/} ;xof]u x'g]5 . km]l/
klg dWoo'uLg ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf] lj?4 hgtfsf] ljb|f]xsf] clwsf/nfO{ / cfkm\gf]
efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{] k|hftflGqs ljlwnfO{ :yfkgf gu/];Dd g]kfnsf] ;d:of
jf:tljs ?kdf ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] tYok|lt klg xfdL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] Wofg cfslif{t
ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
P3f/ lbg] g]kfn jGb P]ltxfl;s?kdf ;kmn
sf7df8f}+÷
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f
;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ pb\3f]ifsf ;fy cfx\jfg ul/Psf] P3f/
lbg] g]kfn aGb P]ltxfl;s ?kdf ;kmn
ePsf] 5 . zfxL ;Qfsf] ;}Go bdg, p;sf] ;+s6sfn, k|]; ;]G;/;Lk Pj+ dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{, o;sf] g]t[Tj / cfGbf]ngsf lj?4 tdfd k|f]kf]uf08fsf jfjh'b cfd g]kfnL
hgtfn] g]kfn jGb zfgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn kf/]/ dfcf]jfbLn] cufl8 ;f/]sf Ph]08fx?nfO{
cg'df]bg ub}{ lg/+s'z ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ ultnf] emfk8 lbPsf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] cfx\jfg d'tfljs g]kfn jGbsf qmddf olt nfdf] ;do;Dd b]ze/
oftfoft, snsf/vfgf, jhf/, lzIf0f;+:yf, sfof{no Pj+ ljleGg Joj;fox? k'/} 7Kk x'g
k'u] . s]xL zx/L If]qdf aGb v'nfpg zfxL ;Qfsf ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm
nufP/ Joj;foLx?sf tfnf kmf]8\g] tyf oftfoft ;fwg rnfpg hjh{:tL ug]{ u/] klg pgLx?
;kmn x'g ;s]gg\ . a? P3f/ lbg nfdf] g]kfn jGbsf] ;j}eGbf a9L c;/ zfxL ;Qfsf]
k|efj If]q elgPsf zx/, ;b/d'sfd Pj+ /fhdfu{x?df g} k/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf
sf/0f /fhwfgL / ;b/d'sfddf ;Lldt aGg k'u]sf] kmf;LjfbL zfxL ;Qfn] tL If]qx?jf6 ;d]t
cfkm\gf] k|efj u'dfpg k'u]sf] s'/f g]kfn jGbsf] k"0f{ ;kmntfn] k'li6 ub{5 .
olt nfdf] ;do;Dd o;cl3 g]kfn jGbsf] cfof]hgf ePsf] lyPg .
o;sf/0f klg s]xL dflg;x?n] olt nfdf] ;do;Dd jGb ;kmn eO/xg ;Sg] s'/fdf
cfz+sf;d]t u/]sf lyP . t/ jGbsf z'?sf lbgx?eGbf clGtd lbgx? o;jf6 cem a9L
k|efljt / ;zQm /x] . cfd hg;d'bfo g} tdfd sl7gfOx?sf] j]jf:tf ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf]
sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ ;lqmo?kn] nflu kg'{n] hgtfx? ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf]
:yfkgfsf] nflu xtfl/Psf 5g\ eGg] ;fljt ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] Tof] rfxgf jdf]lhd ;fdGtL
;Qfsf lj?4 cem ;zQm / s8f vfnsf sfo{qmdx? 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ cfjZosQf 5 eGg];d]t
o;n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
P3f/ lbg] g]kfn jGbsf] qmd;“u} dfcf]jfbL kf6L{, hg;Qf Pj+ hg;+u7gx?n] ;fdGtL
;Qfsf lj?4 e08fkmf]/ Pj+ /fhg}lts k|rf/sf ljljw ultljlwx? cl3 a9fPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf of]4fx?n] b]z}e/L k|lt/f]wk"0f{ sf/jfxLx? ;d]t hf/L /fv]sf
5g\ . jGbs} qmddf ?s'dsf] vf/fl:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] SofDkdf ePsf] eL8Gtdf krf;f}
zfxL cft+ssf/L ;]gf dfl/Psf 5g\ . ptf jGb hf/L /x]s} ;dodf oxL r}q @& ut]
bf]nvfsf] ;b/d'sfddf g} hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;kmn sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L b]zsf k|d'v zx/x? Pj+ ;b/d'sfdx?df k'/fgf] ;Qfsf sfof{nox?df
;]jf]6]h, ljleGg sf/jfxL, 1fg]Gb| /
kf/;sf k'Tnf bxg, kf]i6l/ª, jfnk]lG6ª Pj+ dzfn h'n'z k|bz{g h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg
eO/x]sf 5g\ . oxL r}q @( ut] jlb{ofsf l;l8of] jfnfgGb sfkm\n]nfO{ lghsf] Sjf6{/leq}
hgof]4fx?n] ;kmfof ul/lbPsf 5g\ . lgh l;l8of] hgxTof, gful/s j]kQf, e|i6frf/nufotsf
bh{gf} hglj/f]wL sfo{df ;+nUg eO/x]sf] / k6sk6ssf] r]tfjgLsf] ;d]t j]jf:tf u/]sfn]
;kmfof ul/Psf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . sf:sL, lrtjg, ?kGb]xL, gjnk/f;L, jlb{of, bfª,
jf“s], s}nfnL, emfkf, df]/ª, Onfd, /f}tx6, hgsk'/, cf]vn9'+uf, /fd]5fk,
l;Gw'kfNrf]snufotsf lhNnfx?df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] PDj'; xdnf, ljikmf]6 / uf]nLk|xf/df
kl/ bh{gf} zfxL ;]gfx? xtfxt x'g'sf ;fy} y'k|} 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . To:t} zfxL ;Qfn]
;'/Iff lbP/ rnfPsf elgPsf s]xL uf8Lx?;d]t Wj:t kfl/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 . oL ;dfrf/x?nfO{
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] eg] ;+rf/dfWodjf6 oyfy{?kdf jflx/ cfpgjf6 /f]s nufO/x]sf] 5
.
vf/fdf hg;]gf / zfxL ;]gfaLr eLif0f
n8fO“
sf7df8f}÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf / zfxL
;]gfaLr ?s'd lhNnfsf] vf/fdf r}q @% ut] ;f“em ^ ah]b]lv ef]lnkN6 lbp;f] !
ah];Dd eLif0f n8fO{ ePsf] s'/f xfd|f ?s'dl:yt ;Djfbbftfn] hgfPsf 5g\ . hgd'lQm
;]gf;“u nl8/x]sf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;kf]6{ ug{ hfg nfu]sf zfxL ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{;“u
/f]Nkfsf] lnjfª, ?s'dsf] d';Lsf]6 / ;Nofgdf klg 7"nf] le8Gt ePsf] lyof] .
;a}lt/sf] le8Gtsf qmddf ^) hgf eGbf a9L zfxL ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' ePsf] /
b'O{ ;o hgfhlt 3fOt] ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . t/, lj:t[t ljj/0f eg] k|fKt eO;s]sf]
5}g .
;'?b]lv
g} Ps ah];Dd hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] kxnsbdL lnPsf] lyof] . hg;]gf vfgf vfO/x]sf]
a]nfdf PSsf;L ;ft j6f x]lnsf]K6/n] dflyaf6 cfqmd0f u/]kl5 hg;]gf ;'/lIft :yfglt/
kms{]sf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] Iflt / k/fhonfO{ n'sfpg zfxL ;Qfn] dfcf]jfbLlt/
7"nf] Iflt ePsf] egL lgs} hf]8tf]8sf ;fy k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 .
vf/fsf]
clxn]sf] n8fO{df hg;]gfn] o'4;fdu|L sAhf ug{ g;s] klg df]rf{j4 o'4sf] cEof;sf]
yfngL ePsf] 5 . o;n] k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf hfg] ;+efjgfnfO{af6f]
vf]n]sf] 5 .
bf]nvfsf] ;b/d'sfddf cfqmd0f, aGbL l/xf
sf7df8f}+÷oxL
r}q @& ut] bf]nvfsf] ;b/d'sfddf g} hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;kmn sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5 .
;f] sf/jfxLdf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ Jof/]sd} s}b u/]/ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no,
;ftbf]jf6f]l:yt r]skf]i6, lhNnf sf/fuf/, dfnkf]t sfof{no;lxt Psbh{g a9L sfof{no
sAhf ug'{sf ;fy} lt sfof{nodf ljikmf]6 u/fO Wj:t kfl/Psf] 5 . o;qmddf sf/fuf/df
y'gfdf /flvPsf /fhjGbL;lxt #@ hgfnfO{ ;s'zn d'Qm ul/Psf] 5 eg] sf/fuf/ zfvf /
;'/Iffkf]i6x?jf6 hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ef/L;+Vofdf xftxltof/ sAhf u/]sf] 5 . pQm sf/jfxLsf]
qmddf Ps c;O;lxt b'O{ k|x/L dfl/Psf 5g\ eg] hgd'lQm ;]gftkm{ ;fdfGo 3fOt] ePsf @
hgf pkrf/kl5 :j:Yo eO;s]sf] / o;jfx]s cfkm\gf] tkm{ s'g} klg Iflt gePsf] jtfOPsf]
5 .
;f] sfjf{xLsf] lhDd]jf/L ln+b} k"jL{ l8lehgsf sdf08/
s=cgGtn] oxL r}q @* ut] Ps jQmJo hf/L ug'{ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf] :d/0f
sf7df8f}+÷ !% cf}++
hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf] cj;/df g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf sd/]8
k|r08n] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] ;fdGtL tTjdfly ljho gx'“bf;Dd
hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ul//xg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . æd/0ff;Gg ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGq / To;sf gfOs]
1fg]Gb| zfxLsf kfv08L k|rf/, cfttfoL lqmofsnfk / sfo/tfk"0f{ wDsLsf cufl8
dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtf sbflk em'Sg] 5}gg\Æ eGgx'“b} jxf“n] cufl8 hf]8 lbb}
eGg'ePsf] 5– æ;fdGtL xTof/fx?sf] O“6sf] hjfkm kTy/n] lb+b} g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rg / jx'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ k"/f u/L
5f8\g]5g\ .Æ
k|:t't 5 cfh hf/L ;f] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7–
r}q
@$ ut] cfhs} lbg @)$^ df /fhtGq–d"bf{jfb / k|hftGq–lhGbfjfbsf] uuge]bL
gf/fsf ;fy g]kfnL hg;fu/ ;8sdf au]sf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ 3[0ff /
cfqmf]z;lxt Tof] hg;fu/ lg/+s'z /fhf dx]Gb|sf] zflns tf]8\b} ;fdGtL b/jf/ 3]g{
cufl8 al9/x]sf] lyof] . hg;d'bfosf] tof] P]ltxfl;s kxnsbdLaf6 eolet / cft+lst ;fdGtL
tTjx? cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{ ljgfzaf6 arfpg ;Demf}tfsf] tfgfjfgf a'Gb} lyP .
cGttM r}q @^ ut] /ftsf] c“Wof/f]df cfGbf]ngsf] tfTsflns g]t[Tjdf xfjL /x]sf /fhg}lts
bnsf g]tfx?af6 cd"t{ / ;Lldt k|hftGtdf b/jf/;“u ;Demf}tf ug]{ sfd eO{
5f8\of] . b"/ufdL / P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] pQm ;Demf}tf wf]sfk"0f{ /
3ftsl;4 tYonfO{ cfhsf xfdL dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?n] tTsfn 3f]if0ff u/] klg
hg;d'bfosf] cfqmf]zdf rL;f] kfgL vGofpg] sfd eO;s]sf] lyof] .
cfh
!% jif{sf /fhg}lts 36gfqmdsf] ljsf;n] pQm ;Demf}tf b]z, hgtf / k|hftGqsf lgldQ
cToGt 3fts lyof] eGg] tYo :ki6 ePsf] 5 . s'Voft b/jf/ xTofsf08 x'“b} c;f]h !*
/ clxn] df3 !( kl5 g]kfnL hgtfn] b]zs} dxfcft+ssf/L, e|i6 / xTof/f] ;fdGtL lu/f]xsf]
c;Ld lg/+s'ztfsf] ;fdgf ul//x'g k/]sf] 5 . lgof]lht / k"0f{?kdf k|hftGqsf]
3f“6L /]6]/ To;sf] /ut lkpg] ;fdGtL kmfl;jfbLx?sf d'vaf6 k|hftGqsf] b'xfO{ ;'Gg'kg]{,
xTof, cft+s / u'08fubL{ / tZs/x?sf gfOs]sf d'vaf6 zflGt, ;'zf;g / cft+sjfbsf] lj/f]wsf]
s'/f ;'Gg'kg]{ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cf7f}{ cfZro{ cfh g]kfndf eO/x]sf] 5 .
cfkm\gf]
;f/tTjdf dxfg\ g]kfnL hgo'4 r}q @$ ut]sf] hgljb|f]xsf] ljsf; / lg/Gt/tf xf] .
x/]s jif{ P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf ?kdf cfGbf]ng s} aLrdf r}q @$ nfO{
dgfpg'sf] xfd|f] tfTko{ klg ToxL xf] . ut df3 !( ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 xfd|f]
kf6L{n] uDeL/tfk"j{s b]zsf ;a} /fhg}lts bnx?;“u df]rf{ sfod ug]{
P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf / To;df cfkm\gf] tTk/tf ;fj{hlgs ub}{ lg/+s'ztfsf lj?4 k|lt/f]wnfO{
a9fO/x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] xftdf / ;fdGtL b/jf/sf] xftdf /x]sf] aGb'snfO{ Pp6} b]Vg'
cGttM lg/+s'ztGqsf cufl8 3'“8f 6]Sg' / g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|hftlGtqs cfsf+IffnfO{
wf]sf lbg' dfq} xf] eGg] P]ltxfl;s tYonfO{ ga'em\g' 7"nf] e"n x'g]5 .
d/0ff;Gg
;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGq / To;sf gfOs] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf kfv08L k|rf/, cfttfoL lqmofsnfk /
sfo/tfk"0f{ wDsLsf cufl8 dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtf sbflk em'Sg] 5}gg\ . xfd|f]
kf6L{ ;fdGtL tTjdfly ljho gx'“bf;Dd hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ul//xg]5 . ;fdGtL xTof/fx?sf]
O“6sf] hjfkm kTy/n] lb+b} g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg / jx'bnLo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ k"/f ul/ 5f8\g]5g\ . r}q @$ utsf] dxfg\
hgefjgfnfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g . cGTodf xfd|f] kf6L{ ;fdGtL xTof/fx?sf]
if8oGqaf6 ljrlnt geO{ k'0f{ k|hftGsf lgldQ cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“af6 kxn lng b]zsf
;a} hgkIfLo /fhg}lts bn, gful/s ;dfh af}l4s ;d'bfo / cfd hg;d'bfo;“u k'gM
xflb{s ckLn ub{5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qf em'Sg afWo, g]kfndf
o"PgPr;Lcf/sf] sfof{no /flvg]
sf7df8f}+÷ :jL6\h/Nof08sf]
h]g]efdf eO/x]sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u ^! cf}+ dxf;efdf g]kfnsf]
k'/fgf] ;Qf lj?4 dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf] lgGbf k|:tfj btf{ x'g] / Tof] kfl/t x'g]
lglZrt ePkl5 k'/fgf] ;Qf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf cufl8 em'Sg afWo
ePsf] 5 . pQm a'“bfsf] lgGbf k|:tfj btf{ x'g] s]xL 306f cufl8 ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRr cfo'Qm n'O; cfj{/ / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf k/f/fi6« dGqL /d]zgfy
kf08]aLr g]kfndf o'PgPr;Lcf/sf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
lxhf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;"rgf s]Gb|åf/f hf/L jQmJodf g]kfndf
dfgjlwsf/sf] l:ylt / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gsf] cg'udg ug{sf nflu pRr cfo'Qmsf]
If]qLo :t/sf] sfof{no sf7df8f}+df :yfkgf ug{] / t'?Gt} sfd yfNg] ;Demf}tf ePsf]
hgfOPsf] 5 . pQm sfof{non] cfjflws ?kdf cfof]unfO{ l/kf]6{ a'emfpg] 5 . pQm
jQmJodf cfo'Qmn] g]kfnsf] åGå/t b'j} kIfaf6 ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] klg pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] cfh Ps jQmJo k|sflzt ug{'eO{ ;+/f;+sf]
dfgjclwsf/sf] pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nonfO{ cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;xof]u ug{] atfpg' ePsf]
5 .
o;cl3 g]kfndf o:tf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq :yfkgfsf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
?kdf 7"nf] bjfj ;[hgf ePsf] lyof] . o;}qmddf g]kfndf dfgjlcwsf/sf] :jtGq /
5fgljg ug{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3÷;+:yfsf] :jtGq 6f]nL cfjZos ePsf]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] atfPsf] lyof] . r}q @# ut] ;f] kf6L{sf k|jQmf s=
s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] Ps jQmJo hf/L u/L o:tf] lsl;dsf] 6f]nLsf] dfu ug{'ePsf] lyof]
.
o;}u/L g]kfnL sf+u];, Pdfn] / k|hftflGqssf lzif{:y g]tfx?n] r}q @& ut]
Ps ;+o'Qm jQmJo k|sflzt u/L g]kfnsf] ljifd kl/l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/
;+qmd0fsfnLg /fli6«o k|ltj]bs lgo'Qm u/L dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx?sf] :jtGq Pj+
lgikIf cg'udgsf] lj:jfl;nf] Pjd\ ;j{dfGo ;+oGq cljnDj lgdf{0f ug{] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3
;dIf ljz]if cfu|x u/]sf lyP .
ptf /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjlwsf/ cfof]usf] dxf;ef rln/x]sf] :yfg h]g]efdf cGt/f{li6«o
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx? -PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn, Xo'dg/fO6 jfr / OG6/g]zgn sld6L ckm
h'l/i6 tyf @% j6f g]kfnL ;+3÷;+:yfx?n] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L cfof]usf ;b:ox?nfO{
cfO6d g= ( btf{ ug{ / To;sf] kIfdf dt /fVg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . o;}u/L o';]ksf
:jL6\h/Nof08, gj{] nufotsf sof}+ b]zx?n] ( g+= cfO6d btf{ ug{] atfp“b}
g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly Aofks bjfj lbPsf lyP .
g]kfnsf]
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ;+;bjfbL g]tf–sfo{stf{sf] l/xf u/]/ zfxL ;]gfn] s]xL j]kQf gful/ssf]
l:ylt ;fj{hlgs u/]/, gh/aGbdf /x]sfx?;“u e]6\g kfpg] atfP/ tyf ljz]if ?kdf
cfof]usf kbflwsf/LnfO{ e]6]/ ;f] k|:tfj /f]Sg] sf]lz; klg u/]sf] lyof] .
;+;bjfbLsf] cfGbf]ngM u0ftGqnfO{ ;femf
Ph]08f jgfpg dfu
sf7df8f}+÷k|ToIf lg/+s'z ;}lgs zfifg ;+rfng ug]{ ;fdGtL
gfos 1fg]Gb|sf] ut df3 !( sf] slyt
zfxL sbdkl5 cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf kf“r ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem Jofks /
k|efjsf/L jgfpg] tof/L ul//x]sf 5g\ . bnx? / ltgsf ljleGg ;+u7gx?n] eg] cfkm\gf
sfo{qmdx? hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . oxL r}q @^ ut]sf] b]zJofkL k|bz{gkl5 gof“ r/0fsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf kf“r bnsf g]tfx?dfly nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{
cfGbf]ngsf] ;femf Ph]08f jgfpg bjfj al9/x]sf] 5 . lt bnleq}sf] 7"nf] k+lQm
Pj+ gful/s ;dfhn] k"0f{ k|hftGqsf nflu /fhtGq g} k|d'v jfws /x“b} cfPsfn]
o;sf] cGTosf nflu 7f]; Ph]08f to u/]/ dfcf]jfbL;“u ;d]t PsLs[t e} cfGbf]ng cl3
a9fpg dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ .
kf“r
bnleq} /x]sf] hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] t u0ftGqsf] /fhgLlts
gf/fdf dfcf]jfbL;“u ;d]t tfnd]n u/L cfGbf]ng p7fpg cfjZos /x]sf] jtfPsf] yfxf
ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L o;cl3 g} ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf lg0f{o ul/;s]sf Pdfn], ;befjgf,
sfu|]; -k|hftflGqs_ leqsf]
7"nf] tKsf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} utjif{b]lv g} u0ftGqsf] kIfdf
Jofks ultljlwx? ub}{ cfPsf] sfu|];sf] o'jfx?sf] 7"nf] hdft cj cfGbf]ngsf]
nIo u0ftGq x'g' kg]{df k|i6 /x]sf] jtfp“5 . u0ftGqnfO{ ;femf Ph]08f jgfP/ ;zQm
cfGbf]ng cl3 a9fpg rf}tkmL{ bjfj kl//x“bf klg g]t[Tjn] To; lbzfdf s'g} kxn
a9fPsf] 5}g . a? s]xL ljb]zL zlQmx?n] /fhf / bnx?df d]nldnfk u/fO{ dfcf]jfbLlj?4
ptfg{ ul//x]sf] k|oTgnfO{ g} jn k'Ug] u/L sfu|]; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] /fhf
/ ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?df d]nldnfksf] gf/f cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . df3 !( cl3 /fhflj?4 s8f ?kdf
k|:t't x'g] tyf dfcf]jfbL / bnx?aLr jftf{ u/L ;dembf/L ug'{kg]{ jtfpb}+ cfPsf
sf]O/fnf gh/jGbjf6 d'Qm x'gf;fy efsf km]/]/ g/d?kdf jf]Ng'n] s]xL cfz+sf hGdfPsf]
5 . pgsf] of] egfOsf] Jofks cfnf]rgf eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn sf]O/fnfn] ljleGg bnsf
k|d'v g]tfx?;“usf] e]63f6 hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . o;qmddf pgn] ;+;b kg{:yfkgfsf]
jf;L Ph]08f cl3 ;f/]/ To;df ;dy{g h'6fpg] k|of; u/]sf] jtfOG5 .
ut df3 !( sf] slyt zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 t k|hftGqsf] k|d'v
jfws eg]sf] ;fdGtL /fhtGq g} xf] eGg] s'/f b]zleq dfq} xf]Og l;+uf] ljZjn] g}
a'lem;s]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf /fhtGqsf] cGTo / nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] cfjZostf
cem a9]/ uPsf] 5 . df3 !( kl5 l;¨f] b]z g} ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf lj?4 cfGbf]lnt alg/x]sf]
5 . dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?b]lv ;+;bjfbL;Ddsf zlQmx? /fhtGqsf lj?4 ljljw k|sf/n]
cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf 5g\ . t/, ;Dk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?n] ;femf Ph]08f to
u/]/ PsLs[t cfGbf]ng ;+ul7t ug{ g;Sbf g} b]z / hgtfnfO{ af/Daf/ wf]sf lbb} cfPsf]
lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] k"0f{ pGd"ng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf
cfGbf]ngsf] jndf /fhtGqsf] cGTo u/L ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{
kg]{ ljifo ;j} k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf] tTsflns /fhg}lts gf/f jGg' kg]{ xf] . t/
;+;b kg{:yfkgf jf o:t} jf;L gf/f cl3 ;f/]/ /fhtGqnfO{ hf]ufpg] tyf u0ftflGqs
cfGbf]ngdf lr;f] kfgL vGofpg] k|of; yflng' clxn]sf] ;do;+u d]n vfg] s'/f xf]Og .
;j}h;f] ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf tdfd sfo{stf{x?n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{ g]t[Tjn]
cfGbf]ngsf] 7f]; Ph]08f to ug{ v'6\6f sdfPsf] / lg/+s'ztGqsf cufl8 km]l/ 3'8f
6]Sg nfu]sf] hgfO/x]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]t[Tjn] ;dosf] dfunfO{ a'em]g eg] pm :jo+
cfkm\g} sfo{stf{ / hgtfjf6 s6g] l:ylt cfpg ;Sg]5 .
dfgjlwsf/ cfof]u zfxL ;Qfsf] tfj]bf/ <
sf7df8f}+÷k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f
ul7t g]kfn dfgjlwsf/ cfof]un] slknj:t'sf] 36gfdf u/]sf] 5fgljg / To;sf] l/kf]6{
aflx/ Nofpg] qmddf b]vfPsf] Jojxf/n] p;sf] e"ldsf yk ljjflbt ag]sf] 5 .
cfof]un] zfxL s" kl5 slknj:t'df ePsf] g[z+; xTofsf08 / cfuhgLsf] 5fgljgsf]
qmddf cfkm\gf] rl/q pbf¨f] kf/]sf] 5 .
kmfu'gsf] klxnf] ;ftf slknj:t'sf ljleGg ufp“x?df k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf] gfddf
zfxL ;Qfn] u/]sf Hofbltsf] 5fgljg u/L oxL r}q !( ut] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf
cfof]un] dfl/Psf JolQm / ;+Vof pNn]v ug{ dfq ;s]g ls pQm 36gfsf] 5fgljg ug{ csf]{
;ldlt agfpg / bf]ifLdfly sfjf{xL ug{ k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ cfu|x u/]/ zfxL ;Qfsf]
tfj]bf/L u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf
!! j6f dfgjlwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?n] oxL r}q @! ut] Ps ;+o'Qm k]|; lj1KTFL hf/L u/L
cfof]usf] r}q !( sf] k|]; lj1lKtk|lt Wofg cfs[i6 ePsf] jtfPsf 5g\ . dfgjclwsf/
pNn+3g Pjd\ Hofbltk|lt ;d]t cfof]u ;+j]bgzLn gePsf] eGb} jQmJodf elgPsf] 5– ækmfu'g
^ ut]b]lv hf/L /fHo, dfcf]jfbL / k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf] lx+;fTds lqmofsnfksf af/]df
cfof]uaf6 5fgljg ug{ uPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ s'/f :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] atfPsf /
b]vfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] uDeL/ ljifodf sfg'gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u gu/L pN6} ;/sf/nfO{
g} 5fgljg ;ldlt agfpg', 6'+uf]df k'Ug' / h] ug{ dg nfU5 ug'{ eGg] l;kmfl/; hf/L
ug{sf nflu /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g ul/Psf] xf]Og . o:tf] emf/f 6fg]{
cleJolQmk|lt xfd|f] uDeL/ cfklQ 5 .Æ
o;/L jQmJo hf/L ug{] dfgjlwsf/jfbL ;+yfx?df OGx'/]8÷lxd/fO6\;, OG;]s,
x'/]k—g]kfn, cf/=cf/=Pg=, dlxnf k'g{:yfkgf s]Gb, sf/ g]6js{, x'k]{s—g]kfn,
l;ljg, l;leS6, sf]Sofk, ;]x'8]{; 5g\ .
:d/0f/xf];\ slknj:t'df slyt k|ltsf/ cleofg rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
u[xdGqL, lzIffdGqL / >ddGqL u0f]zk'/ uP/ slyt k|ltsf/ ;ldltnfO{ ck/fw ug{
pS;fPsf lyP eg] s[i0fk'/ Jof/]sdf sof}+nfO{ s'6L–s'6L dfl/Psf lyof] . /,
s}of}+nfO{ eg] lhp“b} hnfP/ / dlxnfx?nfO{ anfTsf/ kZrft\ xTof ul/Psf] lyof] .
oL ;a} ck/fwx? zfxL ;]gf, k'ln;sf] cf8 tyf ;+UnUgtfdf :yfgLo tyf ef/tLo
u'08fx?n] u/]sf lyP . ;f] qmddf c9fO{ bh{g eGbf a9L hgtfsf] xTof x'g'sf ;fy} sl/a
* ;o 3/df cfuf] nufOPsf] / tLg ;o eGbf a9L 3/ n'l6Psf lyP .
ptf
o; 36gfnfO{ df]xgljqmd l;+xn] dfcf]jfbLlj?4 hgtfsf] Gofof]lrt k|lt/f]w eg]sf]df
pgs} kf6L{df rsf{] lj/f]w eO/x]sf] 5 / pgn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf tTsfn} dfkmL dfUg'kg{]
lhls/ sfo{stf{x?n] ul//x]sf 5g . Pstf–s]Gb| d;fnsf Ps sfo{stf{ gfd g5fKg]
zt{df eG5g– æzfxL ;Qfaf6
hgtfdfly olt 7"nf] HofbtL x'“bf klg To;nfO{ Gofof]lrt eGg] Pd=aL= zfxL ;Qfs}
tfj]bf/ t xf]Ogg\ < clxn] pgL u0ftGq / ;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg 8/fpg'n] klg oxL s'/fnfO{
g} k|dfl0ft ub{5 .Æ