cGt/{fli6«o
hut
ljZj
hgk|lt/f]w d~rsf] blIf0f Pl;ofdf bf]>f] cGt/{fli6«o k|ltlglwd08nsf] jQmJo
o'/f]k
÷ut dfr{ !) tfl/vb]lv @) tfl/v;Dd ef/tsf] ljleGg h]ndf /flvPsf g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L
g]tfx? l:ylt a'em\gsf nflu cfPsf] ljZj hgk|lt/f]w d~rsf] bf];|f] cGt/{fli6«o
k|ltlglwd08nn] ef/taf6 kms]{/ o'/f]ksf] j]lNhoddf uO{ dfr{ #) df Ps sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . pQm cj;/df hf/L ;f] d~rsf] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 lbOPsf]
5–
g]kfnsf
s|flGtsf/L g]tfx? rGb|k|sfz uh'/]n-s=uf}/j_ / df]xg j}B-s=ls/0f_nfO{ ljut nfdf]
;dob]lv lgtfGt /fhgLlts b'/f;o /fvL ef/tLo h]nx?df jGbL jgfO{ /fv]sf]n] jxf+x?sf]
jt{dfg cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{ k|ltlglwd08nsf] k|d'v p2]Zo lyof] .
;Dk"0f{ hgdfg;nfO{ g} cft+lst jgfp+b} ef/tLo ;/sf/n] jxf+x?nfO{ g]kfnsf]
zfxL ;}lgs zf;s ;fd' ;'k'b{uL ug]{ of]hgf jgfO/x]sf] 5 h'g s'/f ef/tLo / cGt/{fli6«o
sfg'g ljk/Lt 5 . olb To;f] ePdf jxf+x?sf] hLjg/Iff
uDeL/ vt/fdf kb{5 . To;}n] of] k|ltlglwd08nsf] cfof]hgf ef/tLo ;/sf/nfO{
jxf+x?sf] t'?Gt l/xf ug{sf nflu bjfj lbg, of] ;jfnnfO lnP/ hgr]tgf j9fpg /
;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL /fhjGbLx?nfO{ g]kfn ;'k'b{uL ug]{ s'/fsf] cGTo ug{ bjfj lbg
lglb{i6 lyof] .
Tof]
k|ltlglwd08nn] ef/tsf] k6gfs]f j]p/ h]ndf bogLo cj:yfdf /x]sf pGgfO; hgf g]kfnL
s|flGtsf/Lx?sf] cj:yfsf] jf/]df klg cg';Gwfg u¥of] hxf+ pgLx?nfO{ g]kfn ;'k'{buL
ul/g] elg wDsL lbOPsf] 5 . k|ltlglwd08nnfO{ Toxf“sf ;dy{s / jlsnx?n] jGbLx? /
h]nsf] bogLo cj:yf, jGbLx?nfO{ u}/sfg'gL 9+un] y'lgPsf] / clwsf/ xgg\ ugf{sf] ;fy}
ef/tsf ljleGg kf6L{sf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;d]t h]nleq b'Mv lbO/x]sf jf/]df
cjut u/fPsf lyP . o;sf ;fy} k|ltlgwd08nn] ef/tdf /fhg}lts jGbLsf lj?4 d[To'b08sf
jf/]df k/]sf lg/Gt/ lgj]bgsf] jf/]df klg hfgsf/L lnof] / d[To'b08sf] cGTo ug{
dfu u¥of] .
k|ltlglwd08nsf
s]xL JolQmx?sf] s=uf}/j, s=ls/0f / k6gfsf pGgfO; hgf jGbLx?nfO{ e]6g] k|of;nfO{
j]jf:tf ub}{ /fHo ;/sf/, cbfnt / ljxf/ ;/sf/ k|d'vn] s}bLx?sf jlsn /
k|ltlglwd08nn] r]GgfO, hnkfOu'8L / k6gf h]nleq hfg kfpg] cg'dltsf nflu u/]sf]
cf}krfl/s cg'/f]wnfO{ cl:jsf/ u¥of] . r]GgfOdf s=uf}/jsf jlsnn] ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgn]
lbPsf] jGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] ;/sf/ / sf/fuf/sf clwsf/Lx?n]
b'?kof]u ul/ s=uf}/jnfO e]6g glbPsf] / jxf+nfO e]6g cg'dlt lbOof];\ elg db|f;sf]
pRr Gofonodf l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/] .
ef/tsf]
;+3Lo ;/sf/n] s=uf}/jnfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] ;+1f lbOPsf] s'/f Gofonodf pkl:yt sfg'g
Joj;foLx?sf] s'/faf6 j'emg ;lsGYof] / o;nfO{ u[xdGqfnosf] lbNnL zfvfn] :yfgLo
;/sf/ tfldngf8'nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] uf]Ko ;Gb]zn] klg k|i6 kfYof]{ .
xfd|f]
cg';Gwfg / jx;sf] bf}/fgdf cem} s] s'/f k|i6 eof] eg] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf oL
b'O jl/i6 g]tfx?nfO{ ef/tLo clwsf/Lx?n] /fhg}lts jGws jgfO/fv]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f
pgLx?dfly nufOPsf] æljb|f]x / ef/tLo /fHo;Qf lj?4 o'4 ug{ ef/tLo hgtfx?nfO{
pS;fO/x]sf]Æ cf/f]kn] g} k|i6 kfb{5 t/ h'g cf/f]knfO{ k|i6 kfg]{ k|df0f ef/tLo
;/sf/;“u xfn;Dd 5}g / pgLx? o;nfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] cj:yfnfO{ g}
k|df0fsf] ?kdf x]b{5g\ . To;}n] oL b'j} cf/f]kx? sfg'gL ?kn] ;kmfO{ lbg]eGbf
s]xL j9L x'g\ eGgfsf] tfTko{ tL jl/i7 g]tfx?nfO{ ;'k'b{uL u/L sf7df8f}+df ;Lldt
zfxL ;]gfsf] zf;gnfO{ zlQm k|bfg ug{sf] nflu ;xof]u dfq x'g]5 .
xfdL
o; lgisif{df k'Uof}+ sL pGgf; hgf cGo g]kfnL gful/sx? hf] k6gf h]ndf cdfgjLo
oftgf ;x]/ jl;/x]sf 5g\ / pgLx? ks|fpsf] cj:yfdf sfg'gL ?kdf g} ePtf klg
pgLx?nfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] ;b:o / ;dy{gsf] cfwf/df …ljb|f]xLÚ cyjf …ef/t
lj?4 o'4 e8sfPsf]Ú cf/f]kdf jGbL jgfPsf]n] pgLx?sf] dfgjLo clwsf/sf] uDeL/
pNn+3g u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . pgLx?nfO{ u}/sfg'g 9+uaf6 g]kfn ;'k'b{uL ug{ ;Sg]
uDeL/ vt/f 5 hxf+ jGbLx?NffO{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n] cdfgjLo oftgf lbg] / h]nleqjf6}
j]kQf kfg]{ s'/fnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dfgjclwsf/ pRr cfof]u, Pdg]li6 OG6/g];gn,
x\o'dg /fO6;\ jfr h:tf ;+:yfx?n] cToGt ;l6s 9+un] lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ .
ef/t
hf] cfkm'nfO{ ;+;f/sf] ;j}eGbf k|hftflGqs dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/Ifs eGb5, Toxf+ cem}
klg d[To'b08 lbg] ul/G5 h'g s'/fnfO{ k|ltlglwd08nn] uDeL/ ljifosf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5
. xfn;Dd P3f/ hgf /fhg}lts jGbLx?nfO{ ef/tn] d[To'b08 lbO;s]sf] 5 . Tolt dfq
xf]Og s}+of}+ ul/j ls;fg / blntx?nfO{ ;fdfGtL
hldGbf/x?sf] cf8df x'ls{Psf u'08fx? / k'ln;sf] z;:q cfs|d0fsf] k|lt/f]w ubf{ ;d]t
d[To'b08 lbOPsf] 5 . d[To'b08sf lj?4 ;du| ef/tLo ;ldltn] k|ltlglwd08nnfO{ hfgsf/L
lbP cg';f/ ef/tsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] t/ ul/j k|b]z ljxf/df dfq ljleGg /fhg}lts
sfo{stf{x?, ul/j blntx? / ls;fgx? u/L sl/j krf;eGbf j9L s}bLx?nfO{ em'G8fP/
d[To'b08 lbOPsf] 5 .
k|ltlglwd08nsf
;j} ;xefuLx?n] Pl;of, o'/f]k / ljZjel/sf hgtfn] lo ljifox?dfyL u/]sf k|of;nfO
;sf/fTds of]ubfgsf ?kdf lnPsf 5g . vf; ul/ xfdLx? s=uf}/j, s=ls/0f / pGgfO;
dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO hjh{l:t u}/sfg'gL 9+un] g]kfn lkmtf{ k7fpg] /
jlGbx?dfyL ul/g] cTorf/, cGt/{fli6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfsf] b'?kof]u tyf g]kfn / ef/tsf
/fhg}lts sfo{stf{x?dfyL cGt/{fli6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tf ljkl/t ul/g] s[ofsnfkx?, /fhg}lts
/ cGo jlGbx?nfO d[To'b08 lbg] ef/tsf] h+unL cEof;sf] jf/]df hgr]tgf hufpg ;fk]lIfs
?kdf ;kmn eof}+ .
of]
k|ltlglwd08nn] :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o k|]; hutdf 7"nf] :yfg kfof] / s]xL cGt/f{li6«o
vj/x?df klg s=uf}/jnfO e]6g kfpg] xfd|f] l/6sf] ;'g'jfOdf pRr Gofono db|f;n]
xfd|f] e]6g kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ u}/sfg'gL 9+un] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] vj/ :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o
vj/x?n] cTolws ?kdf k|sfzg u/] .
s=uf}/j,
s=ls/0f / cGo g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] d'lQmsf] ;+3if{df cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf :yfgLo
sfo{stf{x? ;+u7gx? / sfg'g Joj;foLx?;“u of] k|ltlglwd08nsf] /fd|f] ;xsfo{
/x\of] . k|ltlglwd08nsf] o'/f]lkog ;b:ox?n] s=uf}/j / s=ls/0fsf] d'lQmsf] nflu
o'/f]kdf eO/x]sf] cleofgsf] jf/]df blIf0f Pl;ofsf hgtfnfO{ l/kf]{6 ug{ ;kmn eof]
. o;n] :yfgLo ;dy{sx?nfO{ ;+3if{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg jlnof] k|]/0ff lbof] . ljz]if
u/L k6gfsf] h]ndf jGbL jgfOPsf g]kfnL jGbLx?, cGo jGbLx? / d[To'b08 kfO;s]sfx?sf]
jf/]df dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx? ;+sng ug{ ;kmn eof] .
k|ltlglwd08n
of] lgisif{df k'Uof] sL s=uf}/j / s=ls/0fnfO{ jxf+x?k|lt nufOPsf] bf]if k|dfl0ft
ug]{ s'g} jf:tljs sfg'gL cfwf/ gx+'bf–gx'+b} klg ef/tLo ;/sf/ pgLx?nfO{ of t /fhg}lts
;f}bfjfhLsf] ?kdf /fVg rfxG5 of jxf+x?sf] hLjg c;'/Iffsf jfjh'b g]kfndf ;'k'b{uL
ug{] tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . o;}sf/0fn] of] k|ltlglwd08nn] ef/tLo ;/sf/nfO{
rGb|k|sfz uh'/]n / df]xg j}Bsf] oyfzL3| l/xfOsf] nfuL bjfj lbof] .
jxf+x? sf/fuf/df /x+bf;Dd jxfx?nfO{ ;Ddflgt Jojxf/ ul/g' kb{5 / ef/tLo
sfg'gcg';f/ jxf+x?sf] clwsf/ / ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . k|ltlglwd08nn] g]kfnL
gful/sx?nfO{ ef/tLo ;/sf/n] ub}{ cfPsf] ;k'b{uL, lgisfzg / g]kfn lkmtf{ k7fpg]
sfd jGb ug{ dfu u¥of] . k|ltlglwd08nn] ef/tdf d[To'b08sf] nflu klv{/x]sf hlt
klg d'2fx? 5g\ ltgnfO{ /f]Sg / d[Tob08nfO{ lgd"n{ kfg{ klg dfu u¥of] .
cGTodf
of] k|ltlglwd08n hf]8 lbG5 ls ;+o'Qm tyf b[9 ;+slNkt ljZj hg;d'bfosf] ;+3if{/t
k|ofajf6 dfq jf:tljs Gofo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf;nfO{ xfd|f] ef/t
e|d0fsf] cg'ejn] l;4 u/]sf] 5 .
k|ltlglwd08nsf
;b:ox? M
!=xfOs
s|fp;–jl/i6 clwjQmf, hdgL{
@=xfn's
uu{/, n]vs–ljZjljBfnosf e"=k"= k|fWofks tyf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{
#=lx/yf
8fod–k|utLlzn sfg'g Joj;foL ;d"x, j]lNhod
$=nIfd0f
kGt–cWoIf,g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, ef/t
%=lk6/
u|fG6–ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ng,o'/f]k
^=tf/fl;+x–ljZj
hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ng, ;+of]hs blIf0f Pl;of
dfr{
#),@))%
rLgdf
hfkfg lj/f]wL k|bz{g hf/L
ut
xKtfb]lv rLgdf p7]sf] hfkfglj/f]wL k|bz{g / ultljlwx? rLgJofkL lj:tfl/t ePsf] 5
. ptf hfkfgdf ;d]t rLglj/f]wLx? k|bz{g ePsf / lrlgofx?sf ;DklQdfly cfqmd0f ePsf
;dfrf/x? cfPsf 5g\ .
rLg
/ hfkfgsf aLrdf tgfj a9\b} uPkl5 To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ b'O{ b]zsf ljb]z dGqLx? aLr
ePsf] e]6jftf{ klg ljkmn ePsf] 5 . rLgsf ljb]zdGqLn] hfkfgn] u/]sf] rLgdf ePsf
hfkfglj/f]wL ultljlwx?sf nflu dfkmL dfUg' kg{] dfu cfkm"x?n] g:jLsfg{]
atfPsf 5g\ . lrlgof ljb]zdGqLn] rLgn] dfkmL dfUg' kg{] To:tf s'g} uNtL gu/]sf]
atfPsf 5g\ .
hfkfgsf]
kf7\oqmddf bf];|f] ljZjo'4 cl3 ul/Psf] cltqmd0fsf] af/]df ;fdfu|L /fv]sf] lj/f]wdf
rLlgof e|flGtk"0f{ o'jfx? o;/L hfkfglj/f]wL k|bz{gx?df plqPsf x'g\ . pQm
kf7\oQmddf cltqmd0fsf] ljifodf ;TotTy 9fs5f]k x'g vfnsf] ;fdfu|L /flvPsf]
rLlgofx?sf] cf/f]k 5 rLlgof o'jfx?n] rLgdf hfkfgL ;fdfg k|of]u gug{ cfJxfg ;d]t
u/]sf 5g\ .
ljZn]ifsx? rLg / hfkfgaLr ePsf] o:tf] ;+sf ljut tLg bzsdf ;a}eGbf uDel/ ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] uDeL/ ;+s6 lgDTofpg] ljifox?df hfkfgL kf7\ofqmddf ePsf] e|flGtk"0f{ ;fdfu|Lsf cnjf, …Oi6 rfOgf ;LÚ af/]df ePsf] b'O{ b]zsf] ljjfb ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifbdf hfkfgn] u/]sf] ;b:itf bfj]bf/L af/]sf] ljjfb xfn} tfOjfgsf] ljifodf hfkfg cd]l/sfsf] kIfdf nfUg] kl5Nnf] sbdsf sf/0f pAh]sf] ljjfbx? /x]sf] 5g\ .