n]v
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] lgldQ s]lGb|s[t cleofgfTds wSsfsf] e"ldsf
—
s'zn k|wfg
hg;d'bfosf]
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf hgtfnfO{ x/]s IF]qaf6 cfGbf]lnt ug'{
xf] . rfx] Tof] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts k|Zgdf hgtfnfO{
cfGbf]lnt ug{ ;lsG5 . cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo nIo /fhgLlts ;QF k|flKt g} xf],
hg;d'bfonfO{ /fhgLlts ?kn] cfGbf]lnt ug'{ xf] . cy{ft\ hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fnfO{
pTsif{df k'¥ofpg' klg xf] . oBlk hg;d'bfonfO{ /fhgLlts ?kn] Ps} k6s cfGbf]lnt
ug'{ k|fo c;Dej x'G5 . hgtfsf] b}lgs hghLljsf / sl7gfO{x?nfO{ j]jf:tf u/]/ kmut
/fhgLlts ?kn] cfGbf]lnt ug]{ s'/f sf]/f nºkmfhL x'g k'Ub5 . hg;d'bfosf] b}lgs
cfjZostfnfO{ ;d]t cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{;"rLdf /fVg' kb{5 . hxf“ cfGbf]ngdf
hg;d'bfosf] efjgf / cfsf+Iff cleJoQm x'G5 Toxf“ cfºgf] hLjg / eljio b]Vg
k'Ub5 . cfGbf]ngdf hLjg b]Vg / eljio lgsfNg ;s]sf] cj:yfdf dfq hg;d'bfo
cfGbf]lnt ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts sfo{df hgtfsf] b}lgs cfjZostf / efjgf ldnfpg] cyf{t
cfgbf]ngdf hg;d'bfosf] hLjg / eljionfO{ hLjGt agfpg]sf] cy{ a'¤g' kb{5 . hgo'4
:jod\ hg;d'bfosf] ;jf]{Rr cfGbf]ng xf] o;n] hgo'4n] /fi6«sf] hLjg / eljiodf
o'ufGtsf/L k|efj kf/]sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ bx|f];+u kqmg' kb{5 . hg;d'bfosf]
cfGbf]ngsf] jt{dfg cj:yfn] hgtfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lx:;f, tx / tKsfnfO{ gof“
prfOdf cfGbf]lnt ug]{ k|;+u;“u ljifo p7fOPsf] xf], of] jt{dfgsf] cfjZostf xf]
. hgo'4n] h;/L /fli6«o rl/q u|x0f dfq u/]sf] 5}g clkt' cGt//f{li6«o eO/x]sf]
cj:yfdf hg;d'bfosf] cfGbf]lnt x'g] cj:yfdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{g cfpg cfjZostf 5 . kl/l:yltsf]
kl/jt{g /0fgLlts ?kn] leGgtf cfPsf] ;Gbe{df hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L kxn cyf{t\
cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ prfOdf p7fpg h?/L 5 .
hg;d'bfonfO{
cfGbf]lnt ug]{ k|]/s tTj sDo'lgi6x? g} x'g\ . sDo'lgi6x?sf] cyjf d]xgt, Tofun]
hg;d'bfosf] pTkfbgsf] lglDt ;+3if{, ju{ ;+3if{ / pGgt r]tgfsf] k|of]u / ljsf; ug{
;Dej x'G5 . ;dfh ljsf;sf] rfns zlQm hg;d'bfo g} xf], Oltxf;sf] lgdf{tf hgtf g}
xf] eGg] ;TonfO{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] dfq cfTd;ft ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] sDo'lgi6x?sf]
hgtfaf6 lnP/ km]l/ hgtfnfO{ l;sfpg] l;4fGtnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ cy{ a'¤g h?/L 5 .
of] d"ne"t s8LnfO{ ;dfTg'sf] cy{ x'G5 hg;d'bfonfO{ g5f]8\g],
hg;d'bfoaf6 slxNo} gcnlUug], gs6\g] / ;fy;fy} /x]/ hgtfsf] cu'jfO{ ug'{sf] cy{
cfGbf]ngsf] ;[li6 x'g k'U5 .
oltv]/sf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL hgqmflGtsf] ljsf; u/]sf] o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf]
dxTjaf]w hg;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg' xf] . hgtfsf] dxfgtd\ Tofu alnbfgaf6 k|fKt
pknlAwnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ / To;}sf] cfwf/df dxfqmflGtsf/L cfgbf]ngsf] ljsf; ug]{
xfd|f] r'gf}tL xf] . hgo'4sf] ljsf;n] k|fKt u/]sf] ce"tk"j{
pknlAwx?nfO{ k'gM hg;d'bfodf :yflkt gu/Lsg gof“ prfOsf] cfGbf]ng ;[li6 ug{
c;Dej 5 . cfd hg;d'bfo;Dd hgo'4sf] ljsf;;+u} k|fKt ePsf xfd|f pRr ljrf/, gLlt,
sfo{qmd / g]t[TjnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+:yfut ug'{ kb{5 . ljutsf xfd|f ljlw / tl/sfx?
a'emfOdf w]/} ck'utf 5g\ To;nfO{ tf]8\b} lgjf{w ?kdf kf6L{ s]Gb|nfO{ hg:t/df ;+:yfut
ug]{ lbzfdf a9\g h?/L 5 . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfS;{jfb cyf{t\ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb
/ k|r08kynfO{ k|of]u / u'0ffTds ljsf; ug{ ljutsf xfd|f sof}+ k/Dk/fut ;f]rfO,
b[li6sf]0f / tl/sfnfO{ qmde+utfdf tf]8\g] ;fx; u/]/ dfq gof“ cfjZostf
k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . /fhgLlts kxnsbdL sfod /fVg ;lsG5 eg] hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L
?kfGt/0fsf] lglDt s]lGb|s[t cleofgfTds wSsfsf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
qmflGtsf/L o'4 g} hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ug]{ ;jf]{Qd ljlw xf] . o'4n]
hg;d'bfosf] ?kfGt/0f ug]{ dfq xf]Og hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L zlQmsf] pb\j]usf]
ljikmf]6 klg ub{5 . qmflGtsf/L o'4n] hgtfsf] cb\e"t tfstnfO{ cleJoQm ub{5 .
qmflGtsf/L o'4sf] ;dodf an k|of]un] j:t'hutsf] 36gf ljsf;df ;'“8]gLsf]
e"ldsf aGg k'Ub5 . To;sf/0f eGg ;lsG5 ls o'4sfnLg cj:yfdf ;dfhsf x/]s ju{ /
k|j[lQx? ktg / pTyfg, hLjg / d[To', >[hgf / ljgf;df tLa|tfdf ?kfGtl/t x'g
clgjfo{ x'G5 . j:t'ut kl/36gfn] x/]snfO{ tLj|tfdf ?kfGt/0f x'g dfu ub{5 .
j:t'ut?kn] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu ef}lts jftfj/0f olb /fhgLlts kxnx?sf]
snfTds k|of]u ePg eg] kl/jt{gsf] lbzf qmflGttkm{ x'g ;Sb}g .
/fhgLlts
kxnsbdLsf] cy{ xf] juL{o kIfw/tfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kqmg' cyf{t\ ;du|sf] ;+of]hg
/ g]t[Tj klg xf] . /fhgLlts kxnsbdL eg]sf] x/]s 36gf / k|j[lt, ljz]iftf /
ljlzi6tf, ;du|sf c+z–c+zsf] hfgsf/L / of]hgfj4tfdf kl/rfng klg xf] . /fhgLlts
kxnsbdL leq c;+Vo kxn x'G5g\ hf] h;sf] cGt/ ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . c+z–c+zsf]
ljeflht ;+hfnnfO{ cToGt ;ts{tfk"j{s ltI0f ljZn]if0f / b'/ufdL lg0f{o ug]{
IFdtfsf] vf“rf] kb{5 . hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] gfddf pNn]lvt cfwf/e"t
zt{nfO{ Vofn ul/Pg eg] an k|of]usf] ljz'4 dgf]ut cfu|x k|To'Tkfbs x'g k'Ub5 .
ljutsf sof}+ 36gfqmdaf6 xfdLn] kf7 l;Sg} kb{5 .
hgqmflGtdf
k|d'v p2]Zo g} hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ug'{ xf] . hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L
?kfGt/0f lagfsf] hgqmflGt / hg;Qf lg/y{s x'G5 . hgqmflGt sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;d'xut
qmflGt dfq xf]Og, of] lglZrt xf] ls qmflGtsf/L / ;j{xf/f sDo'lgi6x?n] qmflGtsf]
cu'jfO{ ub{5g\ . t/ hgqmflGtdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / s[ofzLntf ckl/xfo{ k|Zg aGb5 .
hg;d'bfosf] hgqmflGtdf ;xeflutf :j]lR5s dfq x'G5 eGg] x'“b}g . j:t'ut kl/l:yltsf]
ljsf;qmd / hgqmflGtsf] k|d'v ljsf;;+u} clgR5fk"j{s klg qmflGtdf ;xefuL aGg
afWofTds l:ylt ;[hgf x'G5 . qmflGtsf/L o'4sf] nk]6fdf k/]kl5 ;dfhsf s'g} klg ju{
;d'bfox? hgqmflGtsf] k|efjaf6 cnu /xg ;Sb}gg\ . of] klg hg;d'bfonfO{ qmflGtsf/L
?kfGt/0fsf] nflu ul/g] an k|of]usf] Pp6f leGg ?k xf] . o; cy{df klg eGg ;lsG5 ls
dfn]dfjfbn] ljsf; u/]sf] lx+;fTds qmflGt / an k|of]usf] ;fj{ef}d l;4fGt g} xfd|f]
dfu{lgb]{zs lbzf xf] . dfcf]T;]t'ªn] Psk6s eGg' ePsf] lyof] æhg;d'bfonfO{ abNg
klg ank|of]usf] vf“rf] kb{5 .Æ an k|of]usf] o:tf] t/Lsf ls ju{ zq'dfly
lx+;fTds qmflGtsf] ;}Go x:tIf]k ubf{ n8fO{s} ljsf; k|lqmof ;+u;+u} hg;d'bfo klg
o'4d} :jfefljs k|lqmofdf ;xefuL aGb} hfG5g\ . lx+;fTds qmflGtsf] dxfg\ ?kfGt/0fsf]
bf}/fgdf xhf/ jif{df gablnPsfx? bz jif{df, ;o jif{df gablng]x? Ps–b'O{ jif{sf]
;dodf rdTsfl/s ?kn] ablng] ub{5g\ .
hg;d'bfonfO{
abNg'sf] dtna hgqmflGtdf ;lqmotfk"j{s ;r]t ?kn] ;xefuL agfpg' xf] .
hg;d'bfosf] clxt x'g] Wo]oaf6 x'g] hgtfsf] :j]lR5s kl/rfng klg hg;d'bfosf] lglDt
bL3{sfnLg ?kn] cfTd3ftL x'g;S5 . hg;d'bfox?sf] lglDt g} eg] klg olb /fhgLlts
g]t[Tj gk'¥ofOsg an k|of]u ul/G5 eg] Tof] b'Z;fx; x'G5 . hgtfnfO{ cfbz{sf] ?kdf
dfGg] t/ hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ug{ qmflGtsf/L an k|of]usf] e"ldsf
nfu" ug{ lxlRsrfx6 ug]{ k|j[lt klg cGttM dWodfuL{ pbf/tfjfbL x'G5 .
hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] lglDt wSsf o:tf] ljlw xf];\ h;af6 hgqmflGtsf]
dxf;d/df ;dflxt ug{ ;lsof];\ .
hg;d'bfosf]
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] lglDt an k|of]u ug]{ k|Zg lknf] vl6/f] lgrf]g{] h:tf] klg
xf] . lknf] lgrf]bf{ lgZro klg si6bfoL x'G5 t/ of] pkrf/ k|lqmof g} xf] . pkrf/sf]
ljlw k|of]u ubf{ Ifl0fs si6 p7fpg] ls bL3{sfn;Dd b'Mv si6 ;lx/xg] eGg] g} xf] .
h:tf] ls ;–;fgf 3fpx?k|lt nfk/jfxL / pbf;Lg aGgfn] cGttM Tof] eofgs SofG;/ /f]udf
kl/0ft eO{ hLjgnLnf ;dfKt x'g ;d]t ;S5 . 7"nf 7"nf 3fp rf]6 lr/kmf/ -ck]|zg_
x? klg ;dod} pkrf/ eof] eg] d[To'sf] d'vdf k'Ug]x?n] klg k'ghL{jg k|fKt ug{
;S5g\ .
xfd|f]
rfxgf hg;d'bfon] ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mv si6af6 d'Qm x'g kfpg'k5{ eGg] g} xf] . k/Gt'
qmflGtsf/L o'4sf] ;dodf eg] hg;d'bfon] ;r]ttfk"j{s c;fWo b'Mv si6 ;xg] u/L
qmflGt ;DkGg u?g\ eGg] g} xf] . xfd|F] hf]8 o:tf] x'g' kb{5 ls qmflGtsf/L o'4df
hg;d'bfosf] ;r]ttfk"j{s ;xeflutf xf]cf];\ / sl7g eGbf sl7g IF0fx?sf] ;fdgf
ug{ tof/ x'g] / dxfljklQx? lgDofpg ;sf];\ eGg] xf] . oL ;a} l:ylt >[hgf ug{
k|f/Desfndf ju{ j}/Ldfly an k|of]usf] ljlwx? clgjfo{ 5 . an k|of]usf] ljlwx?
k|of]u ubf{ hg;d'bfonfO{ s:tf] knf{ eGg] lrGtf JoQm ug{ plrt x'“b}g ls <
o;/L
g} hg;d'bfonfO{ qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ug{sf] lglDt :j]R5fk"j{s xf];\ jf
h'g;'s}?kn] klg hgtfnfO{ qmflGtsf/L o'4sf] 3]/fleq ;dfj]z ug'{ cfjZos dfq xf]Og
clgjfo{ x'G5 . qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf hg;d'bfosf] :j]lR5s Pjd\ ;r]t ;xeflutfnfO{
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] k|f/lDes r/0f dfGg'kb{5 . hg;d'bfosf] s'g} lx:;f qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngsf] bfo/f eGbf aflx/ /xg rfx\of] eg] Tof] lx:;fnfO{ p;sf] clgR5fsf]
afjh'b klg cfGbf]ngsf] 3]/fleq Nofpg ef}lts jftfj/0f agfpg' kb{5 . of] Ps ljlzi6
k|sf/sf] ank|of]usf] ljlw klg xf] . :j]lR5s xf];\ jf clgR5fk"j{s xfd|f]
cfGbf]ngsf] 3]/fleq cfO;s]kl5 hgqmflGtk|ltsf] hAa/ e|d / kf6L{ ljrf/nfO{ a'¤g]
b[li6sf]0fdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{g cfpg]5 . o;k|sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f / a'emfOdf u'0ffTds
kl/jt{g Nofpg krf;–;o j6f cfd;ef –k|lzIF0faf6 eGbf k|efjsf/L ;fljt x'g] ub{5
. h:tf] ls ;}Go zq'nfO{ xfdL sAHffdf lnG5f} / xfd|F] ljrf/ /fhgLlt / p2]Zo cGt/lqmof
u/]/ k|ToIft a'emfp“5f}, an k|of]u u/]sf] of] e"ldsfn] p;sf] b[li6sf]0fdf
u'0ffTds leGgtf >[hgf ub{5 . of] k|lqmofn] p;nfO{ ldq agfpg g;s] klg
zq'tfk"0f{ p;sf] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g cfpg] ub{5 . t/ hg;d'bfonfO{ ul/g]
o;k|sf/sf] wSsfk"0f{ ljlwn] hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fdf u'0ffTdstf cfpg]
ub{5 . hg;d'bfonfO{ cfGbf]ng jf qmflGtsf/L o'4eGbf cnu jf 3]/f aflx/ /xg lbP/ ?kfGt/0fsf]
k|lqmof rnfpg ;ls+b}g . h'g;'s} tl/sf jf ljlwcg'?k s]lGb|t wSsf jf c? s]xL egf}+,
hg;d'bfonfO{ qmflGtsf/L o'4sf] bfo/fleq kfg}{ kb{5 . of] g} hg;d'bfonfO{ ?kfGtl/t,
cfGbf]lnt / hfu[t ug]{ ;jf]{Qd ljlw xf] .
hg;d'bfonfO{
cfGbf]lnt kfg{ cyf{t\ hfu[t ug{ ju{ ;+3if{ dxTjk"0f{ zt{ xf] . hg;d'bfonfO{
cfGbf]lnt kfg]{ / hfu?s agfpg] k|lqmof ;/n, ;Eo / ;xh 9+un] dfq x'g} ;Sb}g . gof“
ljrf/n] k'/fgf] ljrf/nfO{, gof“ ;Qfn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] :yfg lng csNkgLo 36gf /
qmflGtsf] k|lqmofaf6 g} ;Dej x'G5 . j}1flgs lzIff / r]tgfsf] k|rf/–k|;f/åf/f
dfq hg;d'bfonfO{ cfGbf]lnt jf hfu?s kfg]{ bL3{sfnLg ylst / lg/Gt/ ult k|jfxdf
x'g] t ub{5 . t/ ;dfhnfO{ abNg] k|lqmof bL3{sfnLg, ylst, l3l;|g] lg/Gt/
:j:km"t{af6 geO{ 7"n7"nf wSsf / s]lGb|t wSsfåf/f ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhnfO{
g} emgemgfx6 k}bf ub}{ dxfkm8\sf]sf] ult k|jfxdf x'g] ub{5 .
hg;d'bfonfO{
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;xefuL agfpg csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIF :yfgLo ju{
;+3if{sf] k|s[ltsf] klxrfg / ;+rfng ug'{ klg xf] . :yfgLo ju{ cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{
hah{:t ;txdf Nofpg' / qmflGtsf/L kIfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s d"nwf/df Nofpg'
kb{5 . dWodjuL{o ;dfhdf k|foM ju{ cGt/lj/f]wx? ljljwtf / hl6ntfdf x'g] ub{5 .
o:tf] cGt/lj/f]w ePsf ufp“j:tL / zx/sf ju{ ;+3if{sf] :j?k cy{ /fhgLlt cyf{t\
ju{ ;+3if{n] /fhgLlts ?k u|x0f ul/;s]sf] x'G5 . ju{ cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] cGt/
k|lqmofx?sf] cy{ /fhgLltleq} vf]lhg' kb{5 / ju{;+3if{ ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . ju{
;+3if{sf] pTsif{ /fhgLlts u[xo'4 xf] . /fli6«o o'4sf] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
r/0fdf ljsf; ePsf] ;Gbe{df klg ju{ ;+3if{sf] ?kx? ;dfhdf ljBdfg /xG5g\ . ju{
o'4sf] ;dodf klg ju{ ;+3if{nfO{ pk]IFf eof] eg] hg;d'bfonfO{ u[xo'4 jf /fli6«o
o'4df ;xefuL agfpg ;ls+b}g . xfdLn] ju{–;+3if{nfO{ slxNo} la;{g' x'“b}g .
olb o:tf] eof] eg] cfGbf]ng ;Lldt 6's8L jf ;+u7gsf] dfq dfldnf aGg k'Ub5 .
hg;d'bfonfO{
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] an k|of]usf] e"ldsf nfu" ubf{ ;fdflhs ;f“:s[lts
?kfGt/0f klg cToGt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . t/, ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmof cToGt
hl6h / bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltsf] x'G5 . ;f“:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] dfldnfdf xtf/ -hNbafhL_
gug{ s=n]lggn] ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 . hg;d'bfosf] qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fdf j}rfl/s /fhgLlt;+u}
;f“:s[lts klg ;“u;“u} rNg] ub{5 . ;f“:s[lts kIfnfO{ cnu /fv]/ cGo IF]qdf
hg;d'bfonfO{ qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] s'/f ug'{ sf]/f nºkmfhL x'g k'Ub5 . To;}n]
j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts ?kfGt/0fsf] ;fy;fy} ;f“:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|Zg ckl/xfo{ t/
;fjwfgLk"j{s rnfpg' kb{5 . hgtfsf] ;f“:s[lts dfldnf >d pTkfbg / ljt/0f
k|0ffnL;“u b}lgs cfr/0f;“u hf]l8g] ePsfn] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] ljsf;;+u ;f“:s[lts
?kfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ k|ZgnfO{ klg Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
n]v
dfS;{{jfb / ls/ftL d'lQmsf]
k|Zg
/fhg
ls/ftL
æhf] pTkLl8t ;d'bfo pTkL8gsf] lj?4 ;ª\3if{ ug{ tof/ x'“b}g / pkfPsf]
vf]hL klg ub}{g Tof] ;d'bfo ;w} bf; aGg nfos x'G5 .Æ n]lgg
dfgj d'lQmsf] ;jf]{Rr lj1fg g} dfS;{{jfb xf] . dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] sfd
;+;f/nfO{ x]g'{, a'‰g' / JofVof ug'{ dfq xf]Og vf; cy{df ;+;f/ kl/jt{g ug'{ xf]
. oxL 7f]; dfGotfnfO{ Xbou+d ub}{ ;+;f/ kl/jt{g ug]{ dxfcleofgsf ;fy g]kfnL
wtL{df ljZj;j{xf/fju{sf] Ps 6's8L g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf juL{o, hftLo,
If]qLo / dlxnf d'lQmsf] lglDt dfS;{jfbL lj1fgsf] j:t'ut cfjZostfsf] sf/0f @)%@ ;fndf
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] pb\3f]if eof] . ;lbof}+ jif{b]lv pTkL8gsf] hf“tf]df lkl;+b}
cfpg' k/]sf pTkLl8t ;d'bfo g} g]kfnL wtL{sf] j:t'ut sf/0f lyof] eg] pTkL8gsf] dx;';
u/L ljb|f]xfTds r]tgfsf] ljsf; x'g' g} cfTdut sf/0f lyof] . To;/L cfTdut tyf
j:t'ut sf/0fn] g} hgo'4sf] pb\3f]if;“u} d'lQmsfdL hg;d'bfosf] pn{bf] e]nn]
ltj|td ultdf hgo'4sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'“b} cufl8 a9\of] . dfS;{jfbL lj1fg
To:tf] lj1fg xf] h;n] ;dfhdf /x]sf] ;a}vfn] pTkL8gsf] cGTo u5{ eGg] s'/f
b'lgof“df csf6\o ;flat ePsf] 5 / b'lgof“sf k'“hLkGyL gfOs]x?n] klg
dfS;{jfbL lj1fgnfO{ cfh;Dd c:jLsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . oxL lj1fgnfO{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/df
k|of]u ub]{ klZrd g]kfnsf] cfwf/e"t j:tLaf6 ;+rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4n]
k"j{sf] ls/f“tL ;d'bfonfO{ klg k|efj gkfg{ / c5'tf] /fVg ;s]g . dflg;åf/f
dflg;dfly eO/x]sf] zf]if0fsf] cGTou/L ju{ ljlxg cyf{t ;fDojfbL ;dfh lgdf{0fsf]
lbzfdf cufl8 a9g' dfn]dfjfbsf] j}rfl/s xltof/ ljgf csf]{ ljsNk g/x]sf] tkm{ ls/f“tLx?
;r]ttfk"j{s dfS;{jfbL bz{gnfO{ u|x0f ug{ k'u] . dfS;{jfbsf] ;fdflhs lj1fg
cg'?k ;dfhdf /x]sf] pTkL8gsf] cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;xL 9ª\un] ;+rfng ub]{ dxfg\ tyf
uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4nfO{ ;lqmo ;dy{g
ub}{ -h'g a]nf dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ s;}n] g}lts ;dy{g;Dd ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg_ s=uf]kfn
vDa'sf] g]t[Tjdf ls/ftL qmflGtsf/Lx? gf]s/zfxL jfx'gjfbL ;Qfsf] lj?4df ;z:q ;ª\3if{sf]
3f]if0ff u/L cfºgf] sfo{ k|f/De u¥of] . y'k|} xf]gxf/ of]4fx?sf] Tofu, tk:of /
alnbfgsf uf}/jdo Oltxf;x? sfod ub]{ ljsf; eO/x]sf] hgo'4 dfS;{{jfb ;Ddt lyof]
h;sf] sf/0fn] dfS;{jfbL kåtL Pstf, cfnf]rgf / ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmof cg'?k ls/ftL
qmflGtsf/Lx? / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_aLr ;dosf] j:t'ut cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{
;}4flGts ?kdf P]ltxfl;s Pstf sfod ug{ ;kmn eof] . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] dfu{
lgb]{zs l;4fGtn] lgb]{i6 u/]sf] j}rfl/s c:qn] dfq b]zdf ljBdfg /x]sf] hftLo /
juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ 7Ls 7fp“df k'¥ofpg ;Sg]5 eGg] 7f]; pbfx/0f g]kfnsf]
xsdf dfq geP/ blIf0f Pl;ofs} xsdf dxŒjk"0f{ ?kdf ;fljt ePsf] 5 . To;n]
blIf0f Plzof d} bzsf}+b]lv /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng / juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
hf]8\g g;s]sf] sl8nfO{ hf]8]/ Pp6f gof“ t/ª\u k}bf ub]{ g]kfnL hgo'4n] ljZjd}
dxŒjk"0f{ lbzf lgb]{z u/]sf] 5 .
s=dfcf] eGg' x'G5– æax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f“:s[lts / ax'hftLo
d'n'sdf /fi6«jfbsf] bf]xf]/f] cy{ nfUg] u5{ .Æ h;cGtu{t cfGtl/s /fi6«jfb /
jfx\o /fi6«jfb, cfGtl/s /fi6«jfb ls/ft, du/ft, yf?jfg, td'jfg, dw]z h:tf k5{g
eg] cfGtl/s /fi6«jfbsf] ;+of]hg g} jfx\o /fi6«jfb g]kfn xf] . xfdL cfGtl/s
/fi6«jfbsf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+, cfGtl/s kIf g} k|wfg kIf xf] eGg] j}1flgs ;RrfO{nfO{
cfTd;ft ul//x]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] /fi6« aGgsf] nflu ;femf e"uf]n, ;femf efiff,
;“:s[lt / ;femf ;fdflhs hLjg z}nL clgjfo{ ;t{ /xG5 . h'g s'/f o; e"lddf
cflbdsfnb]lv /x“b} cfPsf] cflbjf;Lx?sf] xsdf lg;t{ nfu" x'G5 . h;nfO{ æh;sf]
hf]t p;sf] kf]tÆsf] ?kdf klg lng ;lsG5 . h;sf] Jojxfl/s cEof;df nfu" ub}{
:jfoQ u0ftGq ;Qfsf] lgdf{0fn] ;fdGtL lxGb' ;+/rgfsf] slyt /fli6«o PstfnfO{ Wj+z
agfp“b} gof“ cfwf/df jf:tljs /fli6«o Pstfsf] ;[b[9Ls/0fdf ;dlk{t x'g cfd
pTkLl8t hfltsf] k|wfg bfloTj /xG5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]
o'u ePsf]n] ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfåf/f :jtGq g]kfndfly k|ToIf cfqmd0fsf] ;Defjgf
klg k|jn b]lvG5 . h'g a]nf /fli6«o d'lQm o'4sf] n8fO{+ n8\g :jfledfgL g]kfnLsf]
k|wfg bfloTj /xG5 . To;}n] xfdLn] eGb} cfPsf 5f}+ ls @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] g]kfn
leotgfd aGg] 5 . h;sf] lglDt cfGtl/s /fi6«jfb dha't ge}sg jfx\o /fi6«jfb dha't
x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fdf ;a} g]kfnLsf] Wofg cfs[i6 x'g' h?/L b]lvG5 . h'g s'/fnfO{
ljutsf slyt sDo'lgi6 egfp“bfx?n] k"/} j]jf:tf u/]sf] lyof] / ;j{xf/fju{sf]
dfq s'/f u/]/ juL{o d'lQm kfOG5 eGb} hgtfnfO{ e|d lbg ;kmn slyt sDo'lgi6x?
gld7f] u/L cGw;j{xf/fjfbL vf8\ndf hflsPsf] 5 / hgtf ljgfsf] kf6L{ aGb} lj:yflkt
eO/x]sf] 5 eg] xfd|f] kf6L{n] hftLo ;d:of klg g]kfnsf] lglDt ljBdfg ;d:of ePsf]
7f]; lgisif{ lgsfnL hftLo ;jfnnfO{ d't{ ?kdf cufl8 ;f¥of] h:sf] kl/0ffd :j?k
;+;f/s} Pp6f lhDd]jf/ kf6L{sf] ?kdf :yflkt eO/x]sf] 5 .
pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbL lrGtg eg]s} ;fdGtjfbL lrGtg xf] h;sf] lj?4df pTkLl8t
hfltx? ljutsf] sfnb]lv g} ;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfpg' k/]sf] tfhf Oltxf;} kfOG5 . vf;u/L
!! cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ ef/tdf ePsf] lxGb' / d'l:ndx?sf] ;fDk|bflos o'4af6 efu]/ z/0f
lng g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] lxGb'jfbLx?n] ljleGg hfnem]n / if8\oGq u/]/ cfbLjf;Lx?sf]
:jflwg /fHo cfºgf] xftdf kfg{ ;kmn eof] / cGo :jtGq u0f/fHox? klg /fHo lj:tf/sf]
qmddf /fi6« PsLs/0fsf] slyt gfd lbP/ ;fdGtjfbsf gfOs] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] cfºgf]
;fd|fHo km}nfp“b} ls/ftLx?sf] :jflwg /fHo klg v"gL xdnf u/L !*@) df x8\Kg
;kmn eof] . h;sf] sf/0f cflbdsfnb]lv o; e"ldnfO{ cfjfb u/L a;f]af; ub}{
cfPsf ls/ftLx? ;/0ffyL{ ;/x af“Rg ljj; ag] . ls/tLx?sf] ;j{:j n'l6of],
;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ vf];]/ lxGb" j0f{ cj:yf nflbof], cflbjf;L tyf
hghfltx?nfO{ ;'b| gfdfs/0f u/L s'g} hfltsf] cl:tTj gfd]6 ug'{ 5 eg] To; hfltsf]
efiff, wd{, ;“:sf/ / ;“:s[lt gfd]6 u/L lbg' k5{ Tof] hflt cfkm} ktg eP/ hfG5
eGg] d]lhgLsf] egfOnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ zf]if0f ul//x]sf] 5 . /fhg}lts ?kaf6 ls/ftLx?nfO{
hlxn] klg, hxf“ klg pk]]Iff u/L /x\of] . /fhgLlts r]tgfaf6 al~rt u/fP/ logLx?
;Eo / lzlIft eP eg] xfd|f] l;/L v'/L sxf“ hfnf eGb} lgDg k'“hLjfbL lrGtg
j}b]lzs dfl;stf, k/hLjL / k/lge{/ l:yltdf e'Nof/x\of] . /fhgLlts ?kaf6 jl~rt
ePkl5 cfly{s ?kdf dhj't x'g] s'/} ePg . ls/ftLx? ToxL afx'gsf] x?jf, r?jf,
uf]7fnf, v]tfnf / bf; aGg' l;jfo lhpg] csf]{ pkfo /x]g . ;fdflhs ?kdf ;dflhs
d"No / dfGotfaf6 jl~rt u/fO{ slyt pRr hflt egfp“bfx?nfO{ dfg—;Ddfg ug'{
kg]{ afWofTds kl/l:ylt ;[hgf u/fof] h:n] ubf{ 68\sf/f] ?kdf hftLo cGt/lj/f]wsf]
;[hgf eof] . eflifs?kdf v; efiffnfO{ /fli6«o efiffdf 3f]if0ff u/L ls/ftLnufot
cflbjf;Lx?sf] efiffnfO{ k|ltjGw nufO{ s'g} :yfg lbOPg . o;/L ls/ftLx?nfO{ c/fli6«o
agfpg vf]lhof] . lzIffsf] If]qdf ls/ftLx?nfO{ :jtGq 9¨n] lzIff cfh{g ug]{ cj;/af6
jl~rt u/fO{ j}b]lzs dfgl;stfdf hs8fO/x\of] lzIFf If]qdf eGbf a9L ljb]zlt/
k|f]T;flxt / p2]lnt agfpg] sfd u¥of] . o;/L cflbjf;L ls/ftLx?nfO{ ljb]z k7fP/
b]zdf /emfO{ ug'{ p;sf] s'lgot lyof] . To;/L g} cj}1flgs d[t efiff ;“:s[t
lzIFf nfb]/ cflbjf;L tyf hghfltx?nfO{ pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{af6 k|ltaGw nufOof] .
wfld{s ?kdf lxGb' wd{ gdfGg]nfO{ ;hfo lbg] sfg'gL k|fjwfg agfP/ ls/ftL wd{dfly
7f8f] x:tIf]k u¥of] h:sf] sf/0f ls/ftLx? lxGb' wd{ dfGg jfWo ag] . o;/L
o'uf}+b]lv pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbL ;Qf ub}{ cfPsf] pTkL8gsf] lj?4df hLjg d/0fsf] ;ª\3if{
ub}{ ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf / eft[Tjk"0f{ zf;g Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{sf] lglDt
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s xltof/ cfh ls/ftLx?n] k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ToxL
j}rfl/s xltof/n] dfq pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbL ;QfnfO{ k"0f{?kdf Wj:t kf/L ;dfgtfd"ns
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] 5f}+ eGg] cfTd ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .
s=n]lgg eGg' x'G5– æhftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng g} /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng xf],
x/]s /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf hftLo /fHo agfpg]lt/ lgb]{lzt x'G5, h;
cGtu{t cfw'lgs k'“hLjfbsf] pRrtd 9¨n] ljsf; x'G5 .Æ o; egfO{sf] d"n
dfGotf xf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgjfbL clwgfosTj sfod u/L cfw'lgs k'“hLjfbsf]
ljsf; ug'{ . ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] u7aGwgåf/f ;+rflnt cw{ cf}klgj]lzs tyf cw{
;fdGtL /fHo Joj:yf ePsf] sf/0f Psflwsf/ k'“hLjfbsf] zf]if0ffåf/f hgjfbL
k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g / ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf ;+qmd0f x'g ;Sb}g . h;sf] d'Vo
tuf/f] eg]s} ;fdGtL lxGb' /fhtGqTds /fHo ;+/rgf ePsf]n] To;nfO{ k"/} kl/jt{g
gu/L cflbjf;L tyf hghfltx?sf] d'lQm / cfw'lgs k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf; lsdfy{ ;Dej
5}g . h:sf] lglDt hgjfbL u0ftGqfTds /fHo ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf u/L hfltx?nfO{
cfTdlg0f{sf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/L gof“ cfwf/df gof“ /fli6«o Pstf sfod ug'{
k'“hLjfbL u0ftGqsf] d"n gLlt /xg' k5{ . h;sf] lglDt hgjfbL cfly{s gLlt,
wd{ lg/k]If /fHo, cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] hftLo :jzf;g, eflifs ;dfgtf,
hgjfbL / j}1flgs lzIFf k|0ffnL, hgjfbL ;“:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f h;sf] clgjfo{ ;t{x?
hgjfbL Joj:yfsf] Go'gtd Ph]08f x'g' kb{5, log} ;jfnx? g} ls/ftL/fi6«jfbsf] klg
7f]; gLlt xf] .
qmflGtsf] af6f] cK7\of/f] t 5 t/ ;'gf}nf] eljio ;'lglirt 5, gof“ o'usf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ cleef/f o'usf tGg]/Lx?sf] xf] . of] t Oltxf; s} cfjZostf / ;dosf]
dfu klg xf] . o; cfjZostf / dfunfO{ a'‰g ;lsPg eg] Oltxf;n] lwsf{g]{ 5, @! cf}+
ztfAbLn] nft dfg]{ 5 . To;}n] d'lQmsf] lglDt qmflGtsf] ljsNk g/x]sf] x'“bf
;Dk"0f{ ls/ftLx? ;r]t, ;+ul7t / ;ª\3if{lzn aGb} hftLo :jzf;g /
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] lglDt nfdj4 x'“b} ljZj ;fDojfbL o'usf] lgdf{0f ug'{
dfS;{jfbL lj1fgsf] d"n dfGotf xf] .
æcfh ltdLn] o'usf] lglDt /ut aufpg] ;fx; u/]gf}+ eg] lglZrt ?kdf ef]ln ltd|f] ;Gtfgsf] /ut aUg] 5, ca ltdL cfkm} eg ltd|f] /ut aufpg rfxG5f} ls ltd|f] ;Gtfgsf] <Æ of] egfOk|lt xfdLn] Ps k6s Wofg lbg] ls <