:ynut
l/kf]6{
chDd/L
sDo'gsf] e|d0f
r]tg
s'“j/
nfdf]
;dob]lvsf] sDo'gnfO{ e]6\g] lh1f;f cfh k'/f x'g] ePsf] 5 . d+;L/ dlxgfsf] bf];|f]
;ftf laxfgLsf] lr;f] xfjf;+u} xfdL sDo'g ufp“tkm{ lx8\of}+ . d]/f ;fydf
x'g'x'G5 hgfb]zsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs dx]Zj/ bfxfn . Pp6} ldzg / lh1f;f;fy xfdL psfnf]–cf]/fnf]
/ vf]nfx?sf] af6f] x'“b} Ps306f lx8]kl5 Pp6f xl/of] ux'“ nufOPsf] rSnfaGbL
af/Ldf k'U5f}+ . !% ldg]6 u“x'af/L kf/ u/]kl5 ;fgf] kxf8sf] km]bLdf s/La b'O{
/f]kgL hUufdf kvf{n nufOPsf] s/];faf/L cfp“5 . s/];faf/Ldf w]/}h;f] v';f{gLsf
af]6x? 5g\ t af“sL hdLgdf t/sf/L v]t b]lvG5 . To;sf] nuQ} Pstn]
3/ b]vf k5{ . ToxL 3/ xf] chDd/L sDo'g a:g] d"n3/ .
xfd|f]
cfudgsf] k"j{ hfgsf/L ePcg';f/ pQm chDd/L hg sDo'gsf OGrfh{ sd/]8 k|tfk
xfdLnfO{ lng s]xL k/ cfpg' eof] . nfn;nfd ub}{ bl/nf xftx? ldnfp“b} pxf“n]
xfdLnfO{ ;/f;/ leq cfpg eGg'eof] . xfdL eg] rf/}lt/ cf“vfx? 3'dfof}+ . cfugdf
v';f{gL #÷$ j6f dfGb|f]df ;'sfOPsf] lyof] . 3/sf] s]xL k/ Pp6f sf7sf] cfw'lgs
rlk{ agfOb} lyof] .
l56f]
l56f] cf“vf nufp“b} ubf{ leq hfg' k¥of] . bnfgdf *÷!) jif{sf] gfgLn] l98f]
/ ;fu vf“b}lyOg\ . xf“:b} s] vfG5f} gfgL– vfgf vfG5, xfd|f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm
;lhn} lblG5g\ tL gfgLn] . xfdL leq k:of}+ . r'nf jl/kl/ kl/jf/df cGo ;b:ox? cf–cfºgf]
sfddf Jo:t lyP . c+u]gfdf l98f] d:sfp“b} u/]sf sd/]8 em/Lsf] cg'xf/df kl;gf
cfPsf lyof] . csf{ ^) jif{ pd]/sf csf{ j[4 Psd'7f] efhLsf] ;fu lnP/ sf6\b}
x'g'x'GYof] . sd/]8 dx]Zj/ / d sfkL sndsf;fy tof/L eof}+, sDo'gsf] af/] hfgsf/L
lng .
*
kl/jf/ / #& hgf hg;+Vof /x]sf] pQm chDd/L sDo'gsf] ;a} kl/jf/ eg] Toxf“
lyPgg\ . ;a} cf–cfºgf sfdsf lhDdf lnP/ u};s]sf lyP . sDo'g kl/jf/df s/La Ps
8]8306f 6f9fsf] b'/Ldf 3/ ePsfx? ;+u7Lt lyP . leGgfleGg} kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? Ps}
7fp“df a:bf Pp6f vfnsf] /dfOnf] t 5 g} . t/ ;a} kl/jf/ eg] ;w}+ Ps}7fp“df
ga:g] /x]5g\ . kl/jf/sf x/]ssf] cf–cfºg} sfdsf] lhDdf lbOPsf] /x]5 . clxn]
sDo'g kl/jf/df ljleGg ljefux? u7g ul/Psf] 5 . pTkfbg / ;xsf/L;+u ;DalGwt ljefux?–
s[lif, Jofkf/ / kz'kfng cflb x'g\ . log} ljefudf lqmofzLn x'G5g\ sDo'g kl/jf/sf
;b:ox? . t/ dlxgfsf] clGtd lbg eg] ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf] hd36 x'g] ub{5 . cfOkg]{
;d:of / sfdsf] l/kf]6{ lbgsfnflu o;/L d;fGtdf hDdf e} /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s
5nkmnsf;fy} ld7f] dl;gf] xf“;L v'zL;+u} vfg] k/Dk/f yfngL u/]sf] s'/f sDo'g kl/jf/sf
OGrfh{ atfpg' x'G5 .
pTkfbgsfnflu
k|of]u x'g] hdLg eg] ljvl08t vfnsf] 5 . sf]xL stf 5g\, t sf]xL stf . To;}u/L
pTkfbg klg km/s km/s x'g] ub{5 . v]tL klg kfn}kfnf] nufOG5 . Ps jif{df Ps v]tL
dfq . of] jif{ uf}+ nufOPsf]df csf]{ jif{ ds} . Tof] afnL nufpg] hdLg Ps l;hg eg]
af“em} /xG5g\ .
z'?df
o; sDo'gn] s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ g} k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . k/+k/fut pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{
qmdzM k|ljlw / gof“ tl/sfsf] k|of]uåf/f pTkfbg a9fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . kl/jf/sf]
cfo;|f]t a9fpg z'?df gub] jfnL nufOof], t/ To;n] klg wfGg ;s]g . To;kl5 Jofkf/
IF]qdf nufgL ul/of] . clxn] pQm kl/jf/n] b'O{ yl/sf] Jofkf/ u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f
sDo'gsf] cfkm\g} Jofkf/ / csf]{ ;xsf/L . clxn] yjf¨df ;+rflnt ;fª ;xsf/Ldf @^
xhf/ z]o/ nufgL u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] d'gfkmf ls:tfaf6 lng] ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] ;xsf/L
d'gfkmfdf g} rn]sf] 5 . o;afx]s csf]{ sDo'g kl/jf/sf] cfºg} k;n 5 . o;df g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if IF]qn] Ps nfv ?k}of+ nufgL ul/lbPsf] 5 . t/,
pwf/f] nufgLn] o;af6 cfzf u/]hlt cfDbfgL x'g g;s]sf] sd/]8 k|tfk atfpg' x'G5 .
d]l8sn Joj;fodf klg z]o/ nufgL ul/Psf] 5 . of] Joj;fo klg ;]jfd'vL ePsfn]
cfDbfgL To:tf] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cfDbfgLd"ns / kl/jf/sf] vr{ wfGg] Joj;fo eg]
xf]6n xf] . z'?df kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“ dfq nufgL ul/Psf] xf]6ndf clxn] h]/L,
gdsLg, ;]n/f]6L, df;', lrof nufot gf:tfx? agfOG5 . yjf¨df /x]sf] o; xf]6n lbgel/
g} u|fxsx?n] el/Psf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . !%÷!% lbgdf lx;fa lstfa n]vfhf]vf ul/g] pQm
xf]6nn] dfl;s !% b]lv !* xhf/ cfDbfgL ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf]
tTsfnLg cfjZostf o;af6} k'/f ePsf] sd/]8 k|tfk atfpg' x'G5 .
o;
kl/jf/df vr{ ug]{ lgod klg cfºg} vfnsf] 5 . x/]s ;b:on] dfl;s rf/;o eGbf a9L vr{
ug{ kfOb}g . o;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df cfºgf] JolQmut vr{ rnfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;afx]s
nQFsk8f, vfBfGg ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/s} nflu Ps}k6sdf vl/b ul/G5 .
s[lif
pTkfbgdf gub]afnLaf6 klg sDo'g kl/jf/sf] /fd|} cfDbfgL x'“b} uPsf] 5 . o; jif{
s/La Ps s¶f hdLgsf] s/];faf/Ldf * ;o v';f{gLsf af]6 nufOPsf] lyof] . o;af6 (
d'/L v';f{gL kmn]sf] 5 . h;dWo] fwf ljqmL e};ssf] s'/f sd/]8 em/L atfpg' x'G5 .
sd/]8 em/L sDo'g kl/jf/ ;b:o eg] xf]Ogg\ . pgL s[lif ljz]if1 x'g\ . If]qLo s[lif
tyf ;xsf/L ljefun] pgnfO{ sDo'g x]g{sf nflu v6fPsf] 5 . pgn] cfufdL jif{df s[lif
/ kz'kfng IF]qdf gof“ 9+un] sfo{qmd n}hfg] atfp“5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ o; jif{
h;L{ hftsf] pGgt uf]?sf] Ps hf]8L leœofOPsf] 5 . 3f“;kftx?sf] cfk"lt{sf]
nflu pGgt hftsf h} 3f“;, kf;kf]ndnufotsf xl/of] 3f“;sf] v]tL ul/Psf] 5 . o;
afx]s a+u'/ kfngsf nflu klg gof“ 9+un] ;f]+lrb} 5 .
gof“
k/Dk/fsf] df]8]n kl/jf/ aGb} uPsf] chDd/L sDo'gdf /Llt;+:s[ltdf klg kl/jt{g
cfPsf] 5 . rf8jf8, ljjfx, sfhlqmofdf ul/g] sfo{x? ablnPsf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;+:sf/df
vlr{nf] x'g] ub{Yof] t/ clxn] To:tf] 5}g . ljjfx k|ultzLn 5, sfhlqmof klg To:t}
5 . o:tf sfo{x? ubf{ hge]nf ul/G5 . ;fgf] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L, gof“ k/Dk/fsf]
dxTjaf/] :ki6 ub}{ dGtJo lbg], z'esfo{ 5 eg] km'ndfnf, cjL/ / z'esfdgf lbg] / ;dj]bgfsf]
sfo{ 5 eg] ;dj]bgf JoQm ub}{ sfdx? ;lsG5 . o;afx]s hftkft, 5'jf5't klg ;dfKt}
ePsf] 5 o; kl/jf/df . o;}u/L a]Unf a]Un} kl/jf/sf dfG5] Ps};fy /x“bf kfx'gf /
cfkmGthgx? cfp“bf s;/L ;Ddfg ug]{ eGg] ;d:of klg oxf“ 5}g . h;sf kfx'gfx?
cfP klg Gofgf] cfltYo u/]sf] kfOG5 . a? ld7f] dl;gf] vfgsfnflu qmflGtsf/L kj{x?,
hgo'4sf jif{uf“7 nufotsf gof“ kj{x?df ;a}nfO{ af]nfpg] / Ps};fy vfg] /dfpg]
u/]sf] sDo'gsf csf{ ;b:o sd/]8 ldq atfpg' x'G5 .
o;/L
x]bf{ o; chDd/L sDo'gdf /x]sf x/]s kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? pT;flxt / ;'vL b]lvG5g\ .
z'?df sDo'gdf ;+ul7t x'“bf ;a}sf] kfl/jfl/s cfly{s k[i6e"ld Ps} lyPg .
s;}sf] k"“hL yf]/} lyof] t s;}sf] w]/} . oBlk vfg nfpg eg] ;a}nfO{ k'UYof],
sltn] eg] a9L ePsf] a]r]/ d'gfkmf sdfp“y], t/ oxf“ ;+ul7t ePkl5 a]Rg
gkfPsf]df klg c;Gt'i6 rf“lx 5}gg\ . a? a9L pTkfbgnfO{ ;d'xdf /x“bf
af“8Lr'8L vfg kfOPsf] 5, of] g} v'zLsf] s'/f xf], pgLx?sf] egfO 5 .
of]
sDo'gsf] :yfkgfsf] Oltxf; Tolt k'/fgf] 5}g . o;sf] u7g ePsf] b'O{ jif{ klg
k'u]sf] 5}g . @)^) h]7 !$ ut] o;sf] hGd ePsf] xf] . o;sf z'?sf ;+:yfksx? ^ hgf
dfq lyP . sd/]8 ;fª, k|tfk, ljifd, df};d, ;'¤tL / of]hgf ;+:yfks ;b:o x'g\ .
sd/]8 uf]/] / cGo Ps hgf kl5 ylkP/ cf7 3/sf] sDo'g kl/jf/ ag]sf] xf] . oL ;b:ox?
dWo s=;fª zxLb e};Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxf“ kf6L{sf] PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf
qmddf u08s IF]qdf uPsf a]nf ut ;fn ebf}{df ndh'ª lhNnfdf ;/sf/L ;]gfn] lu/ºtf/
u/L xTof u/]sf] xf] . pxf“;lxt o; sDo'g kl/jf/df $ hgf zxLb e};Sg' ePsf] 5 .
h;df ;fª, h]g]ef, jL=kL / hf]jg;/L x'g'x'G5 . h]g]ef hgd'lQm ;]gfdf k"jL{
IF]qdf /x“bf cf]vn9'|+ufsf] ?Dhf6f/df zxLb x'g'eof] eg] sd/]8 jL=kL= rflx ;GwLvs{
sfjf{xLdf . o;/L x]bf{ of] kl/jf/ kLl8t t/ pRr ;fx; / gof“ Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug]{
cf“6 af]s]sf] gd"gf kl/jf/ eGg ;lsG5 .
z'?df
s;/L ;Dej ePxf]nf of] kl/jf/ ;+ul7t ug{, Pp6f lh1f;f k}bf x'g ;S5 . t/ yjf¨L
hgtfsf] ;Gbe{df Tof] s'/f eg] Tolt gf}nf] ePg . ha kf6L{n] ;a} sDo'gLs/0f
x'g'k5{ eGg] cjwf/0ff cufl8 Nofof] ta yjf¨L qmflGtsf/L ;r]t tKsf o;df ulx/f]
5nkmn / ax;df h'6\of] . ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? ;lxt ;+o'Qm 5nkmnsf] klqmof
z'? eof] . ljleGg sf]0fx?af6 Ps jif{sf] nfdf] 5nkmn / ax;kl5 dfq klxnf] k6s o;
chDd/L sDo'gnfO{ hGd lbOPsf] xf], sd/]8 k|tfk cfºgf] cg'e"lt atfpg' x'G5 .
clxn]
o; kl/jf/df /f]Ssf, k'g / a'9f y/sf d+uf]n hfltsf dfG5]x? dfq ;+ul7t 5g\ . t/
x/]s gof“ t/ j}1flgs k/Dk/fsf] yfngL ub}{ hf“bf ;dfhdf sDo'gk|lt hgrf;f]
a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . 6f9f 6f9fsf ufp“af6 klg oxf“ cfpgsf nflu lgj]bgx? cfpg
yfn]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;xefuL u/fp“b} n}hfg] klg of]hgf 5 . cfp“bf] hgo'4sf]
jflif{sL;Dd @) 3/;Dd aGg] 8f6f cfO;s]sf] sDo'g OGrfh{ atfpg' x'G5 .
;+ul7t
x'g] / 5f]8\g] af/]df klg Tolt c;xh b]lvb}g . cfºgf] OR5fcg';f/ h;/L ;xefuL
eOG5, To;}u/L cfºgf] lrQ ga'em] 5f]8]/ hfgnfO{ klg s'g} cj/f]w x'“b}g . æxfd|f]
sDo'gdf ;+ul7t x'g / 5f8\g s'g} hl6n s'/f 5}gÆ ;+:yfksx? atfp“5g\ . sDo'gsf]
kl/rfng / Jojl:yt ;+rfngsfnflu ;+u7lgs k|lqmof cfºg} lsl;dsf] 5 . clxn] ;a} kl/jf/
s'g} g s'g} ;+u7gdf cfj4 5g\ . sfdnfO{ ;lhnf] agfpgsf nflu ljefuLo ;]qm]6/Lsf]
cjwf/0ff 5 . ;]qm]6/Ln] x/]s !%÷!% lbgdf ljefuLo sfdsf] l/kf]6{ OGrfh{ ;dIf k]z
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
kf6L{
tyf ljefuLo lhDdfaf/]] a}7s, 5nkmn lgoldt x'g] ub{5, of]hgfx? th'{df ul/G5g\ .
of]hgfx? cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg x'G5g\ . efjL of]hgfx? ljleGg p2]Zodf cfwfl/t 5g\
. sDo'gsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf Gofo, lzIff, :jf:Yodf ljz]if vfnsf lg0f{ox? lnOPsf]
5 . :jf:Yodf Wofg lbgsf nflu kl/jf/sf x/]s ;b:onfO{ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t
tflnd lbOb} 5 . jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOsf nflu a+u'/ kfng / cfw'lgs rkL{sf] gof“
9+un] Joj:yfkg ul/b}5 . lzIff If]qdf lg/If/tf pGd'ng ug]{, afnaflnsfnfO{ clgjfo{
:s"n k9fpg], afn ;+/If0f / kfng kf]if0fdf Wofg lbg] /x]sf 5g\ .
clxn]
lkpg] kfgLsf] cfjZostfnfO{ sDo'gn] cfkm} wf/f], kfOkåf/f NofP/ k"/f u/]sf]
5 . t/ cfufdL )^%÷)^^ ;Dddf kl/jf/nfO{ ;+o'Qm a:g k'Ug] !)÷!@ sf]7] 3/, lah'nL
aQL lgsfNg] / lgs6 elj:odf Ps :jf:YosdL{ / ljBfno;Dd cfºg} agfpg] s'/f sDo'gsf]
gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf /x]sf] OGrfh{ k|tfk atfpg' x'G5 .
jt{dfg
ljZjdf ;dfhjfb ktg e};s]sf] eg]/ k'“hLjfbLx?n] xNnf lkl6/x]sf a]nf /f]Nkfsf]
yjf¨L j:tLaf6 ;fDojfbsf] kl/sNkgfdf sDo'gsf] k|lqmofdf 5nf¨ xfGg tlD;/x]sf yjf¨Lx?
sf]af6 k|efljt eP t < o;sf] hjfkm ;lhn} lbG5g\ pgLx?– ÆrLgsf] t'ªlyª
sDo'g g} k'/fgf] sDo'g xf] . xfdLx? o;af6} k|efljt ePsf xf}+, o;sf] t'ngfdf xfdL
g]kfndf qmflGtsfnd} oxf“;Dd cfpg] hdsf]{ u/]sf 5f}+, xfdL cufl8 ePsf 5f}+ .Æ
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] pj{/ e"ld 7flgPsf] yjfª @)!# ;fnb]lv g} sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] lqmofzLntf a9]sf] b]lvG5 . @)!# ;fndf ls;fg ;+u7gsf] gfdaf6 ;+u7g lj:tf/
u/]sf] kfOG5 . k~rfotsfndf klg k~r / sDo'lgi6x? aLr ;+3if{ rNb} cfof] . o;s} r/d
;+3if{sf] :j?k yjfªL hgtf ;fdGtL ;QFsf] cf“vfsf] sl;+u/ aGg k'u] . @)#$ ;fndf
/fhf jL/]Gb| yjfªdf uPsf lyP ljsf;sf] gf/f lnP/ . t/, yjfªL hgtf k|efljt ePgg\
. ;tL;fn em+} plePsf yjfªL hgtfnfO{ 9fNg @)#* ;fndf ;]gf cfof] . 8]9 dlxgf;Dd
yjfªdfly ;}lgs ck|]zg ;+rfng eof] . qmflGt / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{k|ltsf] cf:yf d]6fpg
;fdGtL lg/+s'z ;Qf nflu/x\of] . t/ Tof] cf:yf d]l6Pg . jx'bn cfof] . To;kl5 klg
yjfªL hgtfdflysf] cfqmd0f /flsPg . yjfªL ;'gb/ j:tLdf cfuf] nufOof], ad xflgof],.
sof}+ qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ uf]nLn] p8fOof] . bh{gf} 3/x? v08x/ 5g ,xfn;Dd yjfªdf
dfq} #) hgfeGbf a9L zxLb e};s]sf 5g\ . t/, cx“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{k|ltsf] cf:yf, ;dfhjfb
/ ;fDojfbk|ltsf] cf:yf un]g, emg\ emf+luP/ kf] uPsf] 5 yjf¨L hgtfdf . chDd/L
sDo'g o;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] .
laxfg
* ah]b]lv !@ ah];Ddsf] s/La $ 306fsf] nfdf] enfs';f/Ln] xfdLnfO{ Pp6f uf}/j /
pT;fxsf] cg'e"lt e}/x]sf] lyof] . d]/f]af6 xfd|f], k'/fgf]af6 gof“, l;+uf]
b'lgof“nfO{ Pp6} dfnfdf uf“:g p2]lnt sDo'gdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfbz{ g}
hLjgsf] cfbz{ ag]sf] 5 . labf x'“bf sd/]8x? cfp“b} ug'{xf]nf xfd|f] sDo'g
u/La 5, s] lbg ;SYof}+ / eGb} b'O{j6f km"nsf y'¨f xftdf pkxf/ lb+b} Tof]
dxfg\ p2]Zo af]s]sf] sDo'g kl/jf/ labfO ug{ nfd nfUof] . bl/nf xftx? ldnfp“b}
/ftf] clj/sf] 6Lsf nufp“b} ulj{nf kfOnfx? cufl8 a9] . xfd|f] x[bob]lv g} efjgf
5rlNsof] . wGo 5 † chDd/L sDo'gnfO{ km"ln/xf];\ kmln/xf];\ / dxfg\ ;fDojfbsf]
nIo r'Dg ;sf];\ †