zxLbufyf
dxfg ;lxb k|]dk|;fb g]kfn -k|df]b_sf]
hLjgL
zxLb
u0f]z ;fksf]6f
dflg;sf] ;a}eGbf Kof/f] ;DklQ p;sf] hLjg xf] . dflg;nfO{ hLjg Ps k6s
lbOG5 . p;n] hLjgnfO{ s;/L ljtfpg' k5{ eg] p;n] v]/ uPsf jif{x?sf nflu
oftgfk"0f{ kZrftfk ug{ gk/f];\ p;n] gLr tyf 5'b| clttsf nflu eTetL kf]Ng]
cg'ej ug{ gk/f];\ . p;n] hLjgnfO{ s;/L ljtfpg' k5{ eg] dg]{ a]nfdf p;n] o;f] eGg
;sf];\– æ;+;f/df pRr nIo /x]sf] dfgj hfltsf] d'lQmsf] nflu d]/f] ;f/f hLjg
d]/f] ;f/f tfut nufOPsf] 5 .Æ lgsf]nfO{ cfT;Ajf:sL
dfG5]x? yl/–yl/sf x'G5g\ . d"ntM ef}lts kl/j]zn] dfG5]sf clei6nfO{
lgb]{lzt ub{5 . )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL /fhgLlts /ª\d~rdf lgZro g} s]xL kl/jt{gx?
u/]sf] lyof] . lglZrt ;Ldf;Dd o; cfGbf]ngsf] pknlAw eg]sf] ;Lldt /fhg}lts kl/jt{g
g} lyof] . tyflk of] cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f“:s[lts
If]qdf eg] tflŒjs kl/jt{g Nofpg g;s]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g . o;f] x'g' :jefljs
klg lyof] lsgsL )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] NofPsf] kl/jt{g eg]sf] gof“ af]tndf k'/fgf]
/S;L eGbf a9L s]xL lyPg eGg] s'/f ;a}df hu hfx]/ g} 5 .
pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{nfO{ pNn]v ug'{sf] Wo]o s] xf] eg] )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn]
g]kfnL o"jf ljBfyL{df gof“ /fhg}lts hLjgsf] z'?jft u/]sf] lyof] . ;Lldt?kd}
eP klg n]Vg], af]Ng], ;ª\u7g ug]{ ;ef tyf ;Dd]ng ug{ kfpg] clwsf/x? g]kfnL
hgtfn] k|fKt u/]sf lyP . x'g t of] cfGbf]ngdf g]kfnL o"jf ljBfyL{x?sf]
cToGt} dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] s'/fdf s;}sf] klg ljdlt x'g ;Sb}g .
ljBfyL{x? o"jf x'G5g\ / o"jfx?n] g} kl/jt{gsf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;S5g\ eGg]
s'/f zf:jt 5 . To;}n] dfcf]n] o"jfx?nfO{ pbfp“bf] ;"o{;“u t'ngf ug'{
ePsf] 5 . )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkZrft\ cGo /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] cfºgf /fhgLlts
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cl3 ;f/] em}+ tTsflng g]=s=kf= -Pstfs]Gb|_ n] klg cfºgf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] sfdsf] z'?jft u¥of] . tTsflng g]=s=kf= -dzfn_, g]=s=kf=
-rf}d_, ;j{xf/fjfbL >lds ;ª\u7g, ljb|f]xL d;fn / lhNnf :t/df ?krGb| lji6sf]
hgd'vL kf6L{sf] PsLs/0f kZrft\ lgdf{0f ePsf] g]=s=kf= -Pstfs]Gb|_ sf] pbon]
g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf gof“ km8\sf] dfg]{ sfd u¥of] . ufp“–ufp“df /fhgLlts
k|rf/, e]nf, k|lzIf0f, ;ef–;Dd]ngsf] sfo{qmd cl3 al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|]dk|;fb
g]kfn-s=k|df]b_ klg ;fg} pd]/df gof“ hgjfbL ;“:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zon]
ufp“df ;~rfng ul/g] ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmddf ;lqmo ;xefuL aGg' eof] . pxf“n]
g[To, ufog / jfBjfbg tLgj6} If]qdf sfd u/]/ /fd|f] snfsf/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug'{ eof] .
;fdfGo ls;fg kl/jf/df hGdg' ePsf s=k|df]b ;fg} pd]/b]lv ljb|f]xL :jefjsf
x'g'x'GYof] . ufp“df x'g] cGofo, cTofrf/sf lj?4df n8\g pxf“ slxNo} klg kl5
kg'{ x'b}gYof] . o;} qmddf )$* ;fnb]lv g} pxf“n] ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gdf ;lqmo?kn]
sfd ug'{eof] . g]kfnL ;j{x/fju{sf] cu|b:tf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_n] @)%@ ;fn
kmfu'g ! ut]af6 hgo'4 z'? ug'{ cl3 g} u|fdL0f Onfsfdf ;Rrflnt u|fdL0f ju{ ;ª\3if{df
x]lng] qmddf ufp“sf Ps hgf km6fxfdfly ef}lts sf/afxL ug]{ lznlznfdf pxf“n]
klg ;lqmo ;xefuLtf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;} df}sf kf/]/ pQm km6fxfn] ufp“sf
;j{ ;fwf/0fsf ;fy} dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s lzIfsx?nfO{ kqmgsf] nflu afDaf/ k|x/L Nofpg]
sfd u¥of] . To;} lznlznfdf )%@ ;fn df3 !* ut] sIFf sf]7fdf k9fO/x]sf Ps hgf
lzIfsnfO{ lu/ºtf/ x'gaf6 arfpg ljBfyL{x?n] k|ltsf/ ug]{ qmddf lzIfsnfO{ lu/ºtf/
ug{ cfPsf dWo] Ps hgf k|x/Lsf] efUg] qmddf vf]nfdf 8'j]/ d[To' eof] . To;kZrft\
ufp“sf !) jif]{ afnsb]lv &) jif]{ a[4fx?nfO{ lu/ºtf/ ubf{ pxf“ klg lu/ºtf/Ldf
kg'{ eof] . pxf“ nufot ;a}nfO{ rsf]{ oftgf lbOof] .
@)%# efb| dlxgfdf ;DkGg ljBfyL{sf] lhNnf e]nfåf/f pxf“ cg]/f:jljo"
-qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] sf]iffWoIf aGg' eof] . pxf“n] ;ª\u7gdf
/x]/ ;lqmotfk"j{s cfºgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ub}{ cfpg' eof] . )%# ;fn d+l;/
@^ ut] ufp“s} Pshgf Jolerf/L km6fxfdflysf] ef}lts sf/afxLkZrft\ pxf“ klg lu/ºtf/Ldf
kg'{ eof] . pxf“nfO{ rsf]{ oftgf lbOof] . ;f“9] tLg jif{sf] s7f]/ h]n
hLjgkZrft\ l/xf x'g'eof] / pxf“ )%& ;fn c;f/ dlxgfjf6 k"0f{sflng
sfo{stf{ aGg' eof] . ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] kmf}hL tyf /fhgLlts Ifdtf / sfo{If]qdf lg/Gt/
vl6/xg] pxf“sf] u'0fn] ubf{ kf6L{n] pxf“nfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Lx? ;'Dkb}
uof] . pxf“ )%& ;fn r}qdf kf6L{ lhNnf ;ª\u7gsf] ;b:o tyf :Sjfo8 sdf08/
aGg' eof] . )%* ;fn efb|df l;Gw'kfNrf]s±bf]nvf lhNnf:t/sf] eL=;L= aGg'eof] .
To;eGbf cl3 g} ljleGg kmf}hL tyf u}/kmf}hL sf/afxLx?df pxf“n] dxŒjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
@)%* ;fn >fj0f * ut] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf / xfd|f] dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{aLr ePsf] tLg r/0f;Ddsf] jftf{ c;kmn eO;s]kZrft\ kf6L{sf] of]hgfcg';f/ )%*
d+l;/ !) ut]sf] zfxL ;]gfdflysf] kmf}hL sf/afxLdf pxf“n] klg efu lng' eof] .
)%( ;fn c;f/ dlxgfdf ag]sf] gof“ kmf}hL ;+/rgf cg';f/ pxf“ ;f]n'±cf]vn9'ª\uf
lhNnfsf] Knf6'g sdf08/ aGg' eof] . )%( df3 dlxgfdf ag]sf] If]qLo sDkgLdf pxf“
d]rL±sf]zL If]qLo sDkgLsf] ;xsdf08/ aGg' eof] . k"j{df l8lehg ag] kZrft\
pxf“ sDkgL sdf08/ aGg' eof] .
bf]>f] k6ssf] o'4 lj/fd eª\u ePkZrft\ kf6L{sf] kmf}hL /0fgLlt cg';f/
ljs]lGb|t sf/afxL k"/f eP kZrft\ s]lGb|t sf/afxLsf] tof/Lsf] qmddf )^)
kmfu'g * ut] vf]6fª lhNnfsf] P]+z]n'vs{df b'Zdg lj?4sf] n8fO{+nfO{ s;/L ;kmntfdf
6'ª\Uofpg] elg 5nkmn ul//x]sf] ;dodf b'Zdgn] k|xf/ u/]sf] 6' OGr df]6f{/sf]
;]naf6 pxf“ nufot j6flnog sdf08/ s=ljKnk, a6flnog eL;L s=;[hg / cGo ! hgf sd/]8
nufot pxf“n] klg zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ eof] . pQm eL8Gtdf b'Zdg tkm{ klg ! bh{g
eGbf a9Lsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
lgsf]nfO{ cfqf]l:Jsn] eGg' eP em}+ pxf“sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljutk|lt slQklg
kZrftfk ug}{ gkg]{ u/L uf}/jflGtt t'Nofpg] dxfg\ sfo{x?n] ;d[4 /x]sf] 5 . o'4
d}bfgd} sd/]8 ;/nf;“u ljjfx aGwgdf af“lwPsf] @ xKtf klg gk'Ub} pxf“n]
qmflGtnfO{ clGtd / Psdfq Kof/f] rLh ef}lts hLjg ck{0f ug'{eof] . sfo/x?
/0fe"ldaf6 efUg] ub{5g\, u2f/x? kLk / y'ssf] g/sdf 8'Jb5g\ clg cfqmf]z /
3[0ffsf] w/fkdf kb{5g\, cj;/jfbLx? hgtfaf6 gfª\luG5g\ t/ sd/]8 k|df]b h:tf dxfg\
;fx;L of]4fx? ;bf–;bfsf nflu o'u–o'u;Dd af“lr/xg' x'g]5 . lt dfG5]x? g}
dxfg\ / cfb/0fLo 5g\ h;n] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ lgdf{0fsf] vflt/ xf“;L–xf“;L jlnbfg
u/]sf 5g\ . ltg} dxfg\ dfG5]x?sf] sf]6Ldf kg'{ x'G5 sd/]8 k|df]b .
d/]sfx?af6 af“Rg]x?n] gl;s] af“Rg]x?sf] s'g} cy{ x'“b}g . sd/]8
k|df]bsf] zxfbtn] xfdLnfO{ cToGt} ddf{xt agfPsf] 5 . kf6L{n] Ps kmf}hL / /fhgLlts
s'zn sdf08/ u'dfPsf] 5 . tyflk d[To' of d'lQmsf] ;ky vfP/ cufl8 a9\g' ePsf sd/]8sf]
zxfbtnfO{ xfdLn] dxfg\ cfbz{sf] cy{df u|x0f ub}{ pxf“n] b]vfPsf] af6f]df
Psd'7L k|f0f 5p~h]n;Dd lxl8/xg' g} xfd|f] k|d'v bfloŒj xf] / of] dxfg\ bfloŒjaf6
xfdL sbfkL Ro"t x'g ;Sb}gf}+ .
-n]vs zxLb ;fksf]6fnfO{ zfxL ;Qfsf ;'/IFfsdL{x?n]
ut sflt{s @ ut] bf]nvfsf] e";fkm]bf ufh;df uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf x'g\ ._