;+:d/0f
cf:yfsf] bLk ;xof]4f s=;l/tfsf] ;Demgfdf
–;+u|fdL
vf]O{ † sxf“af6 z'? u/f}+, s;/L sndsf] lga 3'dfp“m, s'g zAbn] sb/
u/L n]v'“, ;f]+Rg] zlQm z'Gotfdf uP/ ljnfP5, 86k]g klg crn aGg k'u]5 . km]l/
unf klg cj?4 eP5 . :g]xL ldq s=;l/tfsf] gfddf n]Vg] ;f]r]/ sfkL / snd tof/ kfg]{
ljlQs} . t}klg pxf“ clxn] lxdfnsL 5f]/L eP/ kl/lrt eO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . cfsfz}
uhf{pg], kxf8 xNnfpg], d'6' ysf{pg], b''Zdgsf] SofDk / kf]i6 v/fgL kfg{ ;Sg] ;Ifd
bIf ;fx;L jL/fª\ugf alg x'“sf/ 5f8L /fVg] k/fqmdL ag]/ hfg' ePsf] 5 .
pxf“sf] hLljt z/L/ o; wtL{df gePtf klg cld6 cf:yf, dw'/ af]nL arg clg WjgL
o;a]nf sfgdf u'l~h/x]sf 5g\ . cf“vfsf] jl/kl/ 3'ld/x]sf] 5, kmd]{zgsf]
dfr{kf;df klg Tolts} af“lr/x]sf] b]V5', k/]8 v]Ng] le/kfvf / rp/df klg Tolts},
6f]nL s]lGb|t x'g] a]nfdf klg d]/f] cf“vf cufl8 gflr/x]sf] g} b]v] t/ pxf“
d;“u xft ldnfpg cfp“5 ls cfp“5 ls h:tf] cfzf leq efjaf6} hfUof] . Tof]
cflv/ clenf;fdf g} ;Lldt /x\of] . oBlk pxf“ clxn] cf:yfsf] bLk alg aln/xg'
ePsf] 5 . b'Zdgsf] ;fd' kl5 slxNo} gx6L zfxL ;]gfsf ef6x?sf] ;fd' lgeL{stfsf ;fy
cfd ;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQmsf] nflu gx8a8fO{sg k|r08kyn] lgb]{lzt u/]sf] ky dfu{df
nflu /xg' ePsf] lyof] . cem eGg'kbf{ To;} l;nl;nfdf kf6L{sf] of]hgf cGt/ut
pxf“sf] klg sf]6f cfof], ToxL sf]6fdf pxf“ klg kg'{ eP5 .
kfl/jfl/s
e]63f6sf] lgldQ 3/ hfg] of]hgf to ePsf] lyof] . Tof] of]hgf ;kmn kfg{sf] nflu
pxf“ nufot w]/} ;fylx? cf–cfºgf] 3/ kl/jf/ e]63f6df xfd|f] kmd]{zgaf6 bl/nf
xftx? ldnfP/ 5'l§g' eof] . xfdLx?
klg To; 7fp“nfO{ 5f]8]/ cf–cfºgf] sfo{If]qtkm{ nfUof}+ . h;df aLPg PrSo"
6f]nL, P sDkgL / aL sDkgL oltn] rf“xL /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] e"uf]naf6 bf]nvfsf]
P]ltxfl;s :yfgtkm{ 6f]nLn] dfr{kf; u¥of] . km]l/ slt sfd ubf{ klg xfd|f] rf}wf}+
j6flnogsf] tkm{af6 kmfol/ª PDa';af6 xltof/ sJhf x'g ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . h'g ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfb, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbaf6 ;~rflnt / lgb]{lzt zfxL cd]l/sL hNnfbnfO{
ltlNdnfpgsf] nflu lhDd]jf/ sdf08/ sld;f/x?n] cf–cfºgf] 7fp“af6 lbdfunfO{
Sofd]/fsf] l/n em}+ 3'dfO{ /fvL/xg' ePsf]
lyof] . To;}a]nf 5flgPsf] KjfOG6sf] lgwf{/0f eof] . h'g 7fp“ xfd|f] j6flnogsf]
lgzfgfdf k¥of] . tt\kZrft Pp6f P;l6Pkm u|'ksf] klg u7g u¥of] . Tof] 6f]nL cfºgf]
lgzfgftkm{ hfgnfO{ tof/ eof] . af“sL ar]sf 6f]nLsf] klg cf–cfºgf] sfo{
ljefhg eO;s]sf] lyof] . To;} avt PkmPd /]l8of]af6 cfsl:ds ?kdf Knf6'g sdf08/ ;l/tf
-lgd{nf >]i7_ / sDkgL ;b:o glthf eGg] dfcf]jfbLsf] z}n'ª]Zj/L Onfsfsf] k}tL
eGg] 7fp“df ;s]6 ad k|xf/ ug{ vf]Hbf ;'/IffsdL{sf] sf/afxLdf kl/ d[To' eof] eg]/
;'gfof] . To; zAb ;'Gg] ljlQs} d]/f] d'6' klg 5}g h:tf] nfUof] . dg dl:ts g} sxf“
k'u]sf] xf] Tof] klg yfxf ePg . t/ d}n] pxf“sf] Tofu, tk:of, lgeL{s, kf}/vL /
b]zsf] cl:dtf / cl:tTjsf] zfgnfO{ hf]ufpg] dxfg\ ljrf/ / nIo p2]ZonfO{ ;lDem/x]+
. jf:tjdf eGg' kbf{ k"j{s} /ftf] tf/f dxfg\ zxLb s=lbndfof nfdf, Knf6'g
sdf08/ s=sljtf, ljleGg df]rf{ / eL8Gtx?df klg dlxnf hg;]gfx?sf] pRr zxfbtn]
xfd|f] cfGbf]ngd} gof“ lslt{dfg sfod ePsf] 5 . ev{/} km]l/ z}n'ªsf] k}tL eGg]
7fp“df zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] cfttfoL b'i6n] 3]/fxfnL !* cf}+ j6flnog cGt{ut P
sDkgL Ps gDj/ Knf6'g sdf08/ sd/]8 ;l/tfnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf]
5 . pxf“sf] ;fydf Pshgf ;]S;g le;L sd/]8 glthfsf] klg To;/L g} ToxL xTof
u/]sf] 5 . cfºgf] JolQmut :jfy{ Tofu]/ lg:jfy{ efjgf af]s]/ dfgj ;dfh kl/jt{g
u/]/ b'lgofdf ;dfgtfsf] ho j;fNg] Pp6f ;'Gb/ ;kgf ;l/tfsf] lyof] . cfh pxf“n]
Tof] ;dfgtfsf] cfnf]s 5l/ lbP/ hfg' ePsf] 5 . km]l/ pxf“ lIflthdf a;]/ lgofnL
/xg' ePsf] 5 . cfsfzdf u8\ofª–u'8'ª ubf{ adaf?bsf] w'jfdf n'sfdf/L v]Nb}
;d/sf] kydfu{df ;}/ ug{ ;xL dg;'jf lbP/ lgb]{zg pxf“x?n] lbO/xg' ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L of] ;fdGtjfbsf v'gL/fhsf e/f}6]x?n] lgl/x, sfo/, cjnf, c;xfo elg pk]lIft
zAbx? af/Daf/ cf]snL jsjf; ul//x]sf] kl/j]zsf] ;dodf dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL kf6L{df
ju{;ª\3if{ ug{nfO{ sf“wdf sf“w, xftdf xft ldnfP/ cfuf]sf] bgbgL aNg]
Hjfnfdf xfd kmfNg' ePsf] lyof] pxf“x?n] . pxf“ gof“ / ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0fdf slxn] dxfef/tsf] tf/f v;f}nL n]sdf t slxn] l;:g]r'nL / hnhnfsf] z}ndf,
t slxn] ;u/dfyf, lbDaf, l;lnªr'ª t slxn] c?0f, tdf]/ b'wsf]zLsf] t6df kl;gf
aufp“b} t slxn] tfdfsf]xL, ;'gsf]zL, dl/g, afudtLsf] t6df kl;gf aufp“b} t
e]l/ s0ff{nL, lq;'nL, /fKtL, ;]tL / dxfsfnLsf] t6df kl;gfsf] vf]nf aufp“b} b]z
/ hgtfsf] ;kgf af]s]/ lxl8/xg' x'GYof] . clxn] pxf“sf] Tof] ld7f] sNkgf / ;kgf
k"/f ePsf] cfkm} b]VgnfO{ of] v'gL /fhsf s's'/x?n] lbPgg\ . ;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtsf]
gf}6+sL h+lh/x? r'8fn]/ d}bfgdf plqg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“nfO{ aLraf6f]df g}
kf;f] xfnL uf]nLsf] k/f{df kf¥of] . t/ slxNo} gnlqg] / gem'Sg] lt ljrf/x?, cbDo
;fx;, snf, l;h{glzn ljj]sx? c6n / cd/ alg gIFqdf rlDs/x]sf 5g\ . /, xfdLnfO{
dfu{bz{g ul//x]sf 5g\ .
æha dflg;n] lglxt :jfy{ / ;+ls0f{tfsf] 3]/fx? tf]8]/ wtL{sf ljzfn
ax';+Vos hgtfsf] d'lQm / k|ultsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t ub}{ Tof] dxfg\
cfbz{sf lglDt jlnbfg x'gnfO{ hLjgsf] jf:tljs dZ"Noaf]w ub{5, ta b'lgofsf]
s'g} klg tfutn] p;nfO{ x/fpg ;Sb}g .Æ s=k|r08sf] h'g of] uxg / dfld{s egfO{nfO{
cfTd;ft u/L dxfg\ zxLb s=;l/tfn] cfºgf] hLjgnfO{ cjzfg u/]/ eP klg ;+;f/nfO{ ga'‰g]
ca'emx?sf] ;fd' gof“ s[ltdfg v8f kf/]/ hfg' eof] . h;n] Oltxf;df ch/ / cld6
gfd n]v]/ o; wtL{af6 ljwf eP/ hfg' ePsf] 5 .
afudtL c~rn l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf s'le08] ufh;df a'af dltnfn >]i7 / cfdf
a]ndfof >]i7sf] sf]vaf6 @)#(k'if !^ ut] s=lgd{nf >]i7 -;l/tf_sf] hGd ePsf]
lyof] . b'O{ bfh' efOsf] Psdfq alxgL s=;l/tf x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“ lgDg dWod
juL{o ls;fg kl/jf/df hGdg' / xls{g' ePsf] lyof] . o:t} kl/jf/df hGd] tfklg sIff
cf7;Dd lzIFf xfl;n ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ckm;f]r ljleGg sf/0fa; tyf ;fdGtL
?9Ljfbsf] s/fdtn] ubf{ v]l/ k9fO{ 5f8]/ 3/df v]tLkftL, 3/wGbf, 3f“; bfp/f
d]nfkft h:tf sfo{x?df lbgrof{ ub]{ s]xL lbgx? ljtfpg' ePsf] /x]5 . o;}a]nf uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf sd/]8x?;“u k|ToIf e]63f6 u/L s'/fsfgL u/]kl5 pxf“ k|efljt
x'g' eP5 . ttkZrft\ pxf“ :jod\ ;+u|fd e"dLdf nfUg' eof] . @)%^ ;fndf
e"ldut x'g] ljlQs} ;fª\u7lgs kmd]{zgdf /x]/ kf6L{n] lbPsf] lhDdf k"/f
ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . To;} avtdf k"j{sf] kmf];{ P;l6Pkm lj36g eP nuQ} lhNnf
Knf6'g kmd]{zgsf] u7g eof] . ToxL kmd]{zg cGtu{t pxf“ klg ;f]n'–cf]vn9'ª\uf
lhNnfdf lgld{t Knf6'g kmd]{zgdf ;]S;g le;L x'g' eof] . To;} u/L c:yfoL sDkgL /
@)%( sf] gof“ ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] ;]S;g ;L, s]xLkl5 @)%(df3sf] ;+/rgfdf lkPn
le;L x'“b} @)^) df Knf6'g sdf08/ x'g' eof] . oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljleGg cf/f]x–cj/f]x,
lj£g jfwf, si6 / b'Mvsf] aLraf6 klg lgle{stf ;fy kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] nflu g} sfd
kmQ] u/L 5f8\g' eof] . pxf“ w]/} ldng;f/, ltI0f a'l4, gd|tfjfg, snf;flxTosf]
klg wlg g} x'g'xGYof] . pxf“sf] ?rL rf}tkmL{ lyof] . uLt ufpg, gfRg, sljtf
n]Vg pxf“ l;kfn' x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf] OR5f
@! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] s'zn sdf08/ aGg' lyof] . x/ rLhdf lh1f;f /fVg' x'GYof]
. o;y{ xfdL hgd'lQm ;]gf ePkl5 x/]s s'/fn] lgk"0f{ aGg' kb{5 eg]/ cfºgf] kª\lQmnfO{
;Dk|]if0f ug'{ x'GYof] . cem pxf“ j9L hf]8 lbP/ eGg' x'GYof] ls æxfdL b]zsf]
Ps zlQmzfnL gof“ dfG5] eP/ k|:t't x'g' kb{5 ls h;n] ;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf]
cufl8 :kfltnf] eP/ clxn]sf] kl/j]zdf pleg ;s]g eg] xfdLx?n] kf6L{n] lbPsf] lhDdf
k"/f ug{ ;lsb}g To;}n] Ps l9Ssf eP/ h'6\g' kg]{5 .Æ cem Toltdfq geP/ /fhg}lts,
a}rfl/s / ;}4flGts lx;fan] klg Tolts} cufl8 x'g'x'GYof] . kf6L{n] lbPsf]
of]hgfnfO{ clt g} sl6jå / b[9tfsf;fy k"/f u/]/ g} 5f8\g' x'GYof] .
pxf“n]
n8fO“+sf w]/} df]rf{x?df efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . h;df vfgL e~Hofª, wf]jL, ;Nn]/L,
es'08], r}gk'/, ?Dhf6f/, nxfg, ledfg, ef]hk'/, ob's'jf / ljleGg eL8Gt, ldlg/]8,
kmfol/ª, PaL h:tf sf/afxLx?df ;+nUg eO kf6L{n] lbPsf] lhDdf k"/f ub]{ cfpg'
ePsf] lyof] . oL df]rf{x?df efu lnP/ sfd ubf{ r}gk'/ df]rf{df 3fOt] x'g' eof] .
?Dhf6f/ df]rf{df klg 3fOt] x'g' ePsf] lyof] . o;/L cfºgf] hLjgsf] cfwf /ut o;
e"lddf klxn] g} aufO;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . olt x'“bf klg pxf“ cfkm" ;]gfd}
/xg] / df]rf{x?d} v6g] jtfpg' eof] . pxf“sf] jf/] d lsg o;/L n]lv/x]sL 5' eg]
b]lv kf6L{df k|j]z ePb]lvsf] nufgL, kmfO6/ ljrf/, l;4fGt, snf, k|ltef x/ lx;fan]
pxf“ cu|:yfgdf g} x'g' x'GYof] . o;y{ pxf“ k"j{sf] ev{/ pbfpg nfu]sf]
3fd x'g'x'GYof] eg] of] b]zsf] s0f{wf/ . lj:tf/jfb, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / b]zLo ;fdGtjfbsf]
lubL ysf{Olbg] / d'6' xNnfpg] hf]wfxf, lgle{s, cl8s ;fx;L lj/f+ugf x'g' x'GYof]
. hf] cfh xfd|f] ;fd'af6 ef}lts hLjgsf] cjzfg eO{ ;bfsf] nflu ljwf u/]/ uO;Sg'
ePsf] 5 . t/ cflTds hLjg / cf:yf rfxL hlxNo} klg sfkLsf] kfgf / lstfadf /utsf]
cIf/n] :j0fL{d Oltxf;df cld6 5fk alg ;lhP/ al;;s]sf 5g\ .
cGTodf clxn] dnfO{ n';'gsf] Pp6f egfO ofb cfO/x]sf] 5 æjf:tjdf qmflGt
eg]sf] s;}nfO{ dfg'{ geP/ ;a}nfO{ arfpg' xf]Æ . g]kfnL hgo'4df jf ju{;ª\3if{df
bzf}+ xhf/ dfG5]sf] /utsf] vf]nf ag]/ alu/x]sf] 5 . t}klg clxn];Dd cfp“bf zfxL
s;fxLx?n] g t dfG5] dfg{ g} /f]s]sf 5g\ g t zflGtjftf{jf6 /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg
rfx]sf 5g\ . a? emg} 3lge"t tLa|tfdf d'lQmsfdLx?sf] xTof ul//x]sf 5g\ /
l;+uf] b]znfO{ g} s;fOvfgfdf jbNg cft'/ 5g\ . d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf k'u]sf] of] un]sf]
v'gL ;fdGtL ;Qf / p;sf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gf;“u jL/ hgd'lQm ;]gfx? Ps/lQ klg
em's]sf 5}gg . pgLx?nfO{ b]z}e/L w'nf] r6fO/x]sf 5g\ . b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt cfºgf]
d'6'sf] Psyf]kf /yt r9fP/ eP klg b'i6sf] cufl8sf] r'gf}lt ;fdgf ub}{ cu|:yfg
cf]u6L /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] b]vL /x]sf 5f}+ ls sf]qmf] xNnfP/ a:g] x]lkPsf bljPsf
r]nL cfh of] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ o'udf ufp“– ufp“ / j:tL–j:tLaf6 ;ª\ul7t
eP/ h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . lh/f lk;]/ j:g] xftx?n] ad–af?b agfO b'Zdgsf] a+s/df k8\sg
klg kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ . 3f“; bfp/f ug]{ xftx?n] km6fxfx?nfO{ cft+lst agfO/fv]sf
5g\ . k'/fgf] ;dfhnfO{ Wj+; / gof“ ;dfh lgdf{0fdf oltv]/ ;a} hgf nfdj4 5g\ .
To;y{ k"j{sf] lbndfof, sljtf, ;l/tf, k|ult, d]g'sf, ;'zLnf, lgzf nufot
;Dk"0f{ hglk|o sd/]8x?n] pRr sf]6Ldf /ut r9fP/ s[ltdfg v8f u/]/ /utn]
kf]ltPsf] Oltxf; lgdf{0f ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L uf]vf{sf sdnf e6\6, sljtf
nufot sd/]8x?n], dsjfgk'/sf] sDkgL ;xfos sdf08/ s=k|ltef, klZrd sdf08sf] sDkgL
sdf08/ ;kgzLnf, sDkgL ;xsdf08/ s=em/gf nufot ;d:t jL/ of]4fx?n] /ut aufO{
b'lgofnfO{ cld6 5fk 5f8]/ uO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . pxf“x? nufot hgo'4sf dxfg\ k|yd
zxLb lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nb]lv z'? x'“b} chDa/L dxfg\ zxLb lty{ uf}td, ;'/]z jfUn],
l/taxfb'/ v8\sf, z]/dfg s'j/, df]xgrGb| uf}td, s[i0f;]g, ljKnj, ;[hg, ;ld/,
of]4f, kl/jt{g nufot ;Dk"0f{ jL/ of]4fx?n] wtL{ /ªufO ;Sg' ePsf] 5 . d
;d/sf] ofqfaf6 jL/x?df efjk"0f{ >4f;'dg ck{0f ub{5' . xfdLn] ;j}
dfgjx?nfO{ jrfpgsf] nflu u/]sf] of] dxfg\ qmflGtsf] em08fnfO{ cem} dfly p7fpg
cfkm\gf]tkm{jf6 ePe/sf] zlQm nufP/ h'6\g] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5' . -n]vs
hgd'lQm ;]gfdf sDkgL sdf08/ x'g'x'G5 ._