/fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] kl/ro

lztns'df/

        ;dfh c;+Vo 36gf–kl/36gfx?sf] ptf/r9fjsf aLraf6 lgDg:t/af6 pRr:t/tkm{ lg/Gt/ cu|;/ /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . tL c;+Vo 36gf–kl/36gfdf cGtlg{lxt ;f/tTjnfO{ 7Ls 9+un] a'‰g / ;dfhnfO{ cu|ult k|bfg ug{ cfly{s lj1fgsf] cWoog ul/G5 . cfly{s lj1fgsf] k|of]u k|frLgsfnb]lv x'“b} cfPsf] 5, t/ :jtGq zfvfsf] ?kdf cfly{s lj1fgsf l;4fGtsf] ljsf; ;dfhjfb lj?4 k'“hLkltju{sf] ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofdf g} eof] . ;j{k|yd æ/fhgLlts cy{zf:qÆ zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u !&cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k|f/Dedf k|mfG;]nL cy{zf:qL PG6f]gLn] u/]sf x'g\ . k'“hLjfbsf] k|f/lDes sfndf æj:t' / d'b|f kl/rfngÆaf6 g} ;fdflhs ;DklQ cfh{g x'G5 eGg] wf0ff lyof], h;sf] kmn:j?k j:t' / d'b|f kl/rfng cy{zf:qsf] cWoogsf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' aGg k'Uof] . ;fdGtjfblj?4 k'“hLklt ju{sf] ;+3if{sf] cg'ejn] j:t' / d'b|f kl/rfng x}g pTkfbg g} ;fdflhs ;DklQsf] ;|f]t xf] eGg] j}1flgs wf/0ffsf] pbo eof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd pTkfbgdf bIftf / k|e'Tj sfod gu/L ;fdGtjfbdfly lg0ff{os /fhgLlts ljho xfl;n ug{ ;lsGg eGg] s'/f k'“hLkltju{n] af]w ug{ ;Sof] . o;kl5 j:t' pTkfbg cy{zf:qsf] cWoogsf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' aGg k'Uof] . dfS;{–P+u]N;sf k"j{jtL{ a]nfotL cy{zf:qL P8dl:dy / 8]lj8 l/sf8f{] cfw'lgs zf:qLo cy{zf:qsf hgs x'g\ . t/ tTsflng oflGqs ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf] ;Ldfsf sf/0f pgLx?n] j:t' pTkfbgsf] ;fdflhs / P]ltxfl;s ljsf;nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] a'‰g ;s]gg\ . cyf{t\ pTkfbgsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/;“u} pTkfbgsf ;fwgdf kl/jt{g -ljsf; / lj:tf/_ x'G5 h;sf] kmn:j?k dflg;sf] >d bIftf -r]tgf_ df clej[l4 x'G5 / ;fdflhs ;DaGwdf abnfj -kl/jt{g_ cfp“5 cyjf ;fdflhs qmflGt x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ k'“hLjfbL cy{zf:qLx?n] a'‰g ;s]gg\ . pTkfbgsf ;fwgnfO{ k'“hLsf] ?kdf lrq0f u/]/ pgLx? k'“hLjfbL pTkfbg -dfn pTkfbg_nfO{ k|fs[lts, ;f:jt / ckl/jt{gLo b]Vg k'u] . h;sf] kmn:j?k /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] j}1flgs ljsf; cj?4 eof] . dfS;{–P+u]N;n] åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf] cfwf/df k'“hLjfbL cy{zf:qsf] lr/kmf/ u/]/ /fhgLlts cy{zf:qnfO{ j}1flgs :j?k k|bfg ug{'eof], h'g k'“hLjfb lj?4 ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;+3if{df ch]o xltof/ aGg k'Uof] .

        k'“hLjfbL cy{zf:qLx?n] j:t' (Commodity) pTkfbgnfO{ cy{zf:qsf] cWoogsf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' agfPsf lyP . dfS;{n] pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ cy{zf:qsf] cWoogsf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' agfpg' eof] . pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] s"n of]u g} ;dfhsf] ;DklQ jf cfly{s cfwf/ xf] / cfly{s cfwf/df ;dfhsf] pkl/;+/rgf lgdf{0f x'G5 . /, cfly{s cfwf/df kl/jt{g;“u} pkl/;+/rgf klg kl/jt{g x'G5 cyf{t\ ;fdflhs qmflGt x'G5 eg]/ cy{zf:qnfO{ /fhgLlt;“u hf]8g' eof] . To;}n] ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] :t/ dfkg ug{ / ;dfhnfO{ abNg OR5's /fhg]tfx?n] dfS;{jfbL cy{zf:q d'VotM tfTsflng ;dfhsf] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] cWoog ug{'kb{5 . ;dfhdf ljz'4 k|sf/sf] pTkfbg ;DaGw lj/n} kfOG5 . pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] d"nwf/leq ctLtsf pTkfbg ;DaGwsf cjz]if, efjL pTkfbg ;DaGwsf e|'0fx? Ps};fy ljBdfg x'G5g\ . To;}n] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] cWoog ubf{ / lgisif{ lgsfNbf o;nfO{ k|efljt ug{] ctLtsf pTkfbg ;DaGwsf cjz]if / efjL pTkfbg ;DaGwsf e|'0f?sf] klg n]vfhf]vf ug{'kb{5 . /, pTkfbg ;DaGwsf ;du|kIfsf] 7Ls 7Ls klxrfg ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ abNg ;j{xf/fju{n] ;f]xL cg'?k ju{ ljZn]if0f u/L clwstd / Go"gtd sfo{qmd tyf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] th{'df ug{'kb{5 . o;sf nflu dfS;{jfbL /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] hfgsf/L ckl/xfo{ 5 .

        dflg;nfO{ af“Rgsf nflu ;j{k|yd uf;, af; / skf;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . oL j:t'x? k|s[ltdf algagfp kfOb}gg, pTkfbg ug{'kb{5 . pTkfbg ug{ ;j{k|yd >dsf] j:t' / >dsf] ;fwgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . h'g j:t'df dfgj >d, >dsf ;fwg dfkm{t k|of]u ul/G5, To;nfO{ >dsf] j:t' elgG5 . h:t} sRrf kbfy{ Pj+ ljljw k|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]tx? . h'g j:t'n] >dsf] j:t'nfO{ dfgjLo >d zlQmsf] dfWodaf6 kl/jt{g ub{5 cyf{t\ dfgjf]kof]uL agfpb5 To;nfO{ >dsf] ;fwg elgG5 . h:t} cf}hf/ / pks/0fx?, oftfoft / ;+rf/sf ;fwgx?, ljB't, gx/, ;8s, ejg cflb . >dsf] j:t' / >dsf] ;fwg Psfsf/ eP/ pTkfbgsf ;fwg aGb5, h'g ;dLs/0f o;/L /fVg ;lsG5, >dsf] j:t'±>dsf] ;fwg– pTkfbg ;fwg . pTkfbgsf ;fwgx? hlt;'s} pGgt / kl/:s[t eP klg dfgjLo >dzlQmsf] cefjdf tL s'8fss{6df kl/0ft x'G5g\ . To;}n] pTkfbgsf ;fwgdf dfgjLo >d zlQm PsLs[t geO{ pTkfbg ;Dej x'“b}g . pTkfbgsf ;fwg / >dzlQm Psfsf/ eP/ pTkfbs zlQm aGb5 . h'g ;dLs/0fdf o;/L /fVg ;lsG5– pTkfbgsf ;fwg±>dzlQm– pTkfbg zlQm . pTkfbgsf ;fwgsf] zf]wstf{, lgdf{tf / k|of]ustf{ dflg; ePsfn] dfgjLo >dzlQm cyf{t\ >lds g} pTkfbs zlQmsf] k|wfg / lg0ff{os kIf xf] . To;}n] 1fg / l;ko'Qm >ldsx?sf] s'nof]u cyf{t\ >ldsju{ g} ;dfhsf] pTkfbs zlQm xf] . ;dfheGbf aflx/ pTkfbg c;Dej 5 . To;}n] hlt;'s} pGgt / ;d[4 pTkfbs zlQm eP klg pTkfbgsf] ;fdflhs rl/qn] ubf{ pTkfbgdf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] dflg;x?sf] cfk;L ;DaGwlagf pTkfbg c;Dej 5 . pTkfbg k|lqmofdf dflg;x?aLr sfod x'g] ;DaGwnfO{ pTkfbg ;DaGw elgG5 . pTkfbgsf ;fwgdflysf] :jfldTjsf] :j?k / sfg'gL efiffdf ;DklQ ;DaGwsf] :j?kn] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] :j?k / rl/q lgwf{/0f ub{5 . h;n] pTkfbgsf] ljt/0f / pkef]unfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfb{5 . pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly ;fd"lxs :jfldTj /xbf ljt/0f / pkef]u klg ;dfg jf ;fd"lxs x'G5 / lghL jf JolQmut :jfldTj /x“bf ljt/0f / pkof]udf lghLkg cyf{t\ c;dfgtf x'G5 . sljnf / ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly ;fd"lxs :jfldTj /xg] x'gfn] ljt/0f / pkof]u klg ;fd"lxs / ;dfg x'G5 . bf;, ;fdGtL / k'“hLjfbL ;dfhdf pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly JolQmut jf lghL :jfldTj /xg] x'gfn] ljt/0f / pkef]u klg lghL / c;dfg x'G5 .

        pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw Psfsf/ geO{ pTkfbgn] d"t{ ?k lng ;Sb}g . To;}n] pTkfbgn] ;fsf/ ?k lng pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw Psfsf/ eP/ pTkfbg k|0ffnL aGb5 . h'g ;dLs/0fdf o;/L /flvG5– pTkfbs zlQm±pTkfbg ;DaGw– pTkfbg k|0ffnL . pTkfbs zlQm pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] ;f/ / pTkfbg ;DaGw ?k xf] . oL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf b'O{ ljkl/t kIf x'g\ . Psflt/ pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw cf–cfºgf] cl:tTjsf nflu Ps–csf{df lge{/ / Pstfa4 x'G5g\, csf{]lt/ pTkfbg k|0ffnLleq cfºgf] pkl:ylt / jr{Zj sfod ug{ lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ul//xG5g\ . o;k|sf/sf] ;+3if{n] pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf ult k}bf ub{5, h;n] pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / kl/jt{gnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub{5 . pTkfbg zlQmsf] ljsf; / kl/jt{gdf ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhsf] cyf{t\ pTkfbgdf ;+nUg ;a} kIfsf] cle?rL x'G5, To;}n] o;sf] ljsf;sf] /ºtf/ tLj| x'G5 . o;y{ of] nlrnf] x'G5 . o;sf] ljsf;n] pTkfbgdf zf/Ll/s >dsf] e"ldsf s6f}tL / dfgl;s >dsf] e"ldsf clej[l4 ub{5 . kl/0ffdtM pTkfbg clej[l4 x'G5 . t/ pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] ljsf; / kl/jt{gdf ju{;dfhdf pTkfbgdf ;+nUg ;a} kIfsf] ?rL ;dfg x'“b}g . pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] kl/jt{gn] ;DklQ ;Daw cyf{t\ pTkfbgsf ;fwgdflysf] :jfldTjsf] :j?kdf kl/jt{g x'g] x'gfn] >lds ju{ t pTkfbg ;DaGw abNg OR5's / nfnlot x'G5, t/ dflns ju{ pTkfbg ;DaGwdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{gsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+ dfqfTds kl/jt{g klg ug{ rfxb}gg\ . o;y{ pTkfbs zlQmsf] t'ngfdf pTkfbg ;DaGw a]nf]e x'G5, cyf{t\ pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf; ljhul0ftLo ?kdf / pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] ljsf; c+sul0ftLo ?kdf x'G5 . /, pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwdf a]d]n k}bf x'G5 . cyf{t\ >dsf] ;fdflhs :j?k tyf pTkfbgsf ;fwgsf] :jfldTjsf lghL :j?kn] ubf{ cGtlj{/f]w k}bf x'G5 . pTkfbg ;DaGwsf tL c+ux?, h'g pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;df afws aGb5g\, nfO{ kl/jt{g gu/L pTkfbgsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf; ug{ ;lsGg . ha pTkfbg ;DaGw pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;df afws aGb5, b'j}aLr ;+3if{ rNg yfNb5 . gof“ pTkfbs zlQm pTkfbgsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf;sf] kIfdf / k'/fgf] pTkfbg ;DaGw pTkfbgsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf;sf] lj?4df x'g] x'gfn] of] ;+3if{df pTkfbgsf] ljsf;sf] kIfw/ pTkfbs zlQm ljhoL aGb5 . h'g dfqfTds ljsf;sf] r/0f kf/ u/]/ u'0ffTds kl/jt{gsf] r/0fdf k|j]z ub{5 / pTkfbs zlQmsf] tLj| ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng] gof“ pTkfbg ;DaGw cl:tTjdf cfp“b5, h'g gof“ pTkfbg k|0ffnLleq ;dflji6 x'G5 . h;nfO{ ;dLs/0fdf o;/L /fVg ;lsG5– pTkfbs zlQm±pTkfbg ;DaGw– pTkfbg k|0ffnL . To;kl5 gof“ pTkfbg k|0ffnL / k'/fgf] pkl/;+/rgf -;/sf/, sfg'g, bz{g, snf, ;flxTo wd{ cflb_ aLr ;+3if{ rNb5, of] ;+3if{df cGttM gof“ pTkfbg k|0ffnLn] k'/fgf] pkl/;+/rgfdfly ljho xfl;n ub{5 / cfºgf] cg's"nsf] gof“ pkl/;+/rgf lgdf{0f ub{5 . h;cg'?k gof“ ;fdflhs Joj:yfn] ;fsf/ ?k lnG5 . h;nfO{ ;dLs/0fdf o;/L JoQm ul/G5– pTkfbg k|0ffnL±pkl/;+/rgf–;fdflhs Joj:yf . pbfx/0fsf] nflu pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ ?;L ;dfh k'“hLjfbL pTkfbglt/ cu|;/ eO/x]sf] lyof] . k'“hLjfbsf] k"0f{ ljsf;sf] nflu :jtGq dhb'/ / /fhgLlts :jtGqtf / k'“hLjfbL clwsf/ ckl/xfo{ 5 . t/ tfTsflng ?;df e"–bf; k|yf / lg/+s'z /fhtGq sfod lyof] . e"–bf; -ls;fg_ x? cfºgf] OR5fcg';f/ hldg laqmL ug{ / ufp“ 5f]8\g kfpb}gy] . h;sf] kmn:j?k ls;fgsf] dhb'/df -s[lif pTkfbs zlQm cf}Bf]lus pTkfbs zlQmdf_ ?kfGt/0f x'g] k|lqmof ca?4 eof] / k'“hLjfbL pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos :jtGq dhb'/sf] cfk"lt{ x'g ;s]g . cyf{t\ /fhgLlts / cfly{s k"jf{wf/x? tof/ x'g ;s]g . k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf;df ;fdGtL pTkfbg ;DaGw -e"–bf; k|yf / ;fdGtL /fhtGq_ afws aGg k'Uof] . ta b'j}aLr ;+3if{ tLj| eof] . h;sf] kmn:j?k klxnf] r/0fdf e"–bf; k|yfsf] vf/]hLsf] kl/0ffd pTkfbg ;DaGwdf dfqfTds kl/jt{g eof] / bf];|f] r/0f k|m]a'|c/L !(!& df ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo eP/ gof“ k'“hLjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGw sfod eof] cyf{t\ u'0ffTds kl/jt{g -qmflGt_ eof] . kl/0ffdtM gof“ k'“hLjfbL pTkfbs zlQm cg'?ksf] k'“hLjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGw sfod eP/ k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf;sf] 9f]sf v'Nof] / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] Jofks cfwf/ tof/ eof] .

        pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw tyf pTkfbg k|0ffnL / pkl/;+/rgfaLrsf] ;+3if{n] ;dfh lj1fgsf] If]qdf cxd\ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . of] ;+3if{n] ;dfhsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;f+:s[ltssf ;a} If]qx?nfO{ k|efljt ub{5 . o;;Gbe{df ;dfhjfbL sfnsf] k|f/Dedf rLgdf rn]sf] b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf] rrf{ ug{' ;fGble{s x'g]5 . pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly d"ntM ;fd"lxs :jfldTj sfod ul/Pkl5 pTkfbgsf] If]qdf d'Vo ;d:of s] xf] < eGg] ;jfndf uDeL/ dte]b k}bf x'G5 . blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] lk5l8Psf] pTkfbs zlQm / pGgt ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLaLrsf] j]d]n g} d'Vo ;d:of xf] eGb} pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;sf] nflu k'“hLjfbL clwsf/sf] lj:tf/ ug{ hf]8 u/] . pgLx?sf] ;dfhjfbL zAbhfnn] 9fs]sf] tyfslyt pTkfbs zlQmsf] l;4fGtsf] sd/]8 dfcf]n] hf]8bf/ v08g ug{'eof] . pxf“n] pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwaLrsf] a]d]n g} d'Vo ;d:of xf] eGb} pTkfbg ;DaGwsf tL c+ux?, h'g gof“ ;dfhjfbL pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;df afws 5g\, nfO{ x6fP/ dfq ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . pxf“n] k'“hLjfbL clwsf/, h'g pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;df afws ag]sf 5g\, sf] s6f}tL / cGt ug{ hf]8 lbg'eof] . o;sf ;fy} pkl/;+/rgfdf ljBdfg tL cjojx? -c+ux?_ h'g gof“ ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] k|lts"n 5g\, nfO{ x6fpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;+3if{sf cGo cyf{t\ dfqfTds tl/sfx? sfdofjL gePkl5 /fhg}lts, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts If]qdf u'0ffTds ;+3if{ ;+rfng ug{'eof] . h'g dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ?kdf cleJoQm eof] .

        xfd|f] ;dfhdf jt{dfgdf rln/x]sf] ju{;+3if{ -hgo'4_ pTkfbgsf] If]qdf cleJoQm pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwaLrsf] ;+3if{sf] /fhg}lts cleJolQm xf] . h;n] ;dfhsf /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;f+:s[ltssf ;a} If]qnfO{ k|efljt u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlt cy{Joj:yfsf] s]lGb|s[t cleJolQm xf] eGg] dxfg\ n]lggsf] egfO Jojxf/tM htftt} k|s6 eO/x]sf] 5 . ;'uf}nL ;lGw;“u} ;fd|fHojfb / kl5 lj:tf/jfbsf] a]/f]s6f]s /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts k|j]zn] ubf{ :jtGq k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf; cyf{t\ k'“hLjfbL pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf; cj?4 eof] . cyf{t\ pTkfbs zlQmsf] Ifo / knfog eof] . kl/0ffdtM ju{lje]bLs/0f a9b} uof], cefj / ul/aLn] ;Ldf gf£of] . xfd|f] b]zdf pTkfbgsf] If]qdf pGgt k'“hLjfbL k|ljlwsf ;fy;fy} lzsf/L o'usf cToGt lk5l8Psf] k|ljlw Ps;fy k|of]u eO/fv]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] d"n 9f“rfleq o;sf cGo ;xfos :j?kx?sf] pkl:yltn] cGtlj{/f]wsf] km:of{]6 / ;dfwfg ug{ lgs} dfyfkRrL; ug{'kg{] x'G5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwaLrsf] ;+3if{sf] d'Vo wf/fleq ctLtsf lk5l8Psf pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwsf cjz]if / ;dfhjfbsf nflu pkof]uL sljnf ;dfhsf ;fd"lxs k|0ffnLsf cjz]ifx? Ps} 7fp“df u'h'lN6Psf 5g\ . Psflt/ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{ csf{lt/ ljleGg pTkLl8t hflt, hghflt, ;d'bfo, If]q / ln+usf] hftLo, If]qLo / ln+uLo ;dfgtfsf] nflu ;+3if{ Ps;fy hf]l8g k'u]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs pTkfbgsf] If]qdf cleJoQm oL cGtlj{/f]w / ;+3if{x? /fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts IF]qdf klg 5tf5'Nn b]lvG5 . h;sf] kl/0ffd ju{;+3if{ cToGt k]lrnf] / hl6n aGb5 .

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 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com