hgjfbL ;Qfleqsf] Gofok|0ffnL

– dg;/f dNn

        sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;nfO{ lgofNbf ;j{xf/f ju{n] ljb|f]xåf/f ;Qf sAhf u/L hgjfbL ;Qfsf] cEof; !*&! df k|mfG;sf] /fhwfgL k]l/;af6 z'? u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|mfG;df pbfPsf] hgqmflGtsf] lemNsf ?;, rLg, x'“b} @)%@ kmfNu'g ! ut] hgo'4sf] ?kwf/0ff u/L g]kfnL wlt{df k|HHjlnt x'g k'Uof] . cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;qmd;+u} ;+/IF0f / lj:tf/ ub}{ hf“bf k|mfG;, ?;, rLg nufotsf /fi6«x?df ;j{xf/f ju{ ;Qfl;g eO;s]kl5 ;Qf u'd]sf Oltxf;sf cg'ejx?af6 gof“ lzIff ln+b} g]kfnL qmflGt g]kfns} ljlzi6tf / df}lnstfdf cufl8 a9\of] . qmflGtsf] t'kmfgL s]Gb|sf lx;fan] ;f/f b'lgof“sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fp“b} g]kfnL hgo'4 5f]6} ;dodf ljZjJofkL aGg k'Uof] . To;nfO{ b]lv g;Sg] zfifsx? eP e/sf] an k|of]u ub}{ /fhg}lts e|dk"0f{ k|rf/ Pj+ kmf}hL ck|]zgsf ljleGg xts08fx? xTof, cft+s, n'6kf6, anfTsf/, cfuhlg, a]kQf, lu/ºtf/L h:tf cdfgjLo Jojxf/åf/f cfºgf] pbf+luPsf] rl/q k|bz{g u/L lgd{d 9+un] hgo'4nfO{ dlxgflbgd} l;Wofpg] b'Zk|rf/ u/], oBkL g]kfnL hgo'4 b'Mv kL8f, sl7gfO{ / alnbfgLsf] ;fdgf ub}{ sof}+ IFltåf/f 7"nf 7"nf pknAwLx? xft nufp“b} cem} :kft aGg k'Uof] . alnbfg qmflGtsf] phf{ ag]/ emg} qmflGtn] tLa| ult ln+b} uof] .

        ;j{xf/f ju{n] u/]sf] c;Ld Tofu, lj/tf / alnbfgsf] kl/0ffd:j?k hgjfbL ;Qfn] ef}lts zlQmsf] ?kdf cfsf/ u|x0f ug{ k'Uof] . k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfåf/f v8f ul/Psf ;+oGqx? Wj:t ug]{ k|lqmofcg'?k @)%^ df cfGbf]ngsf] em6\sf:j?k Ps};fy lh=lj=;= b]lv uf=lj=;= ;Dd cj}w 3f]if0ff ul/P . tadfq u|fdL0f Onfsfx?df >dhLjL g]kfnL hgtfn] 3f]lift?kdf u'd]sf] clwsf/ cfºgf] xftdf ln+b} gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf] k|f/lDes cEof;sf] yfngL ug{ k'u] .

hg;QF ;+rfng M

        hgo'4sf] yfngLkZrft ?s'd lhNnfdf l7s ;f9] $ jif{kl5 cf}krfl/s hg;QFx? ljlwjt 9+un] ;+Rfng x'g k'u] . gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf] cEof; ug{ cft'/ >dhLjL hg;d'bfon] u|fdL0f IF]qx?af6 k|To]If lgjf{rg k|0ffnLåf/f k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+un] @)%& c;f]hdf dtbfg z'? u/] . lhNnfb]lv k|To]s uf=h=;= x?df k|d'v, pkk|d'v nufot hgk|ltlglwx?df bfjL lj/f]w hf/L ub}{ hgtfsf k|ltlglwx? r'Gg] / r'lgg] sfd hgjfbL ;Qfdf ;fob klxnf] cj;/ lyof] . hg;d'bfon] hgjfbL dtflwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ nfdj4 eP/ gof“ / pT;fxk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf /dfp“b} hgtfsf] ;Ifd k|ltlglw s;nfO{ r'Gg] < eGg] lh1f;fsf;fy cfºgf] dtbfgsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cjnDjg u/] . gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf] :jfb rfVg cft'/ hgtfx? afnsb]lv j[4;Dd dtbfg ug{ tlD;/x], kl5 k/]gg\ . o;/L hgtfn] k|To]If r'gfjåf/f ;Qf ;+rfng ljlwjt 9+un] cufl8 a9fP .

        g]kfnL qmflGt cfºgf] ljsf;qmd;+u} /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0f;Dd cfOk'Ubf :yfgLo :t/b]lv lhNnf, IF]q x'“b} s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd ljlwjt ?kdf hg;Qfsf ;+/rgfx? aGb} dfq uPgg\ ls emg\ Jojl:yt ljsf;n] j:t'ut dfu tLa| ?kdf hlGdof] . j:t'sf] ljsf;;+u} ;Qf ;+rfngsf] k|lqmofdf cfwf/ OnfsfnfO{ ;'b[9 / lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{gLlt cGt/ut hgtfn] hgjfbL 9+un] cfºgf] clwsf/sf] pkof]u ub}{ ;Qfdf uO{ dQ eP/ u8a8L dRrfpg], hgtfk|lt s'7/f3ft ug]{, e|i6frf/L ug]{, ;Qfsf] bDj k|:t't ug]{ h:tf c;Ifd vfnsf hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ lkmtf{ af]nfO{ vfnL 7fp“df hgtfåf/f 5gf}6 u/L dgf]lgt tyf pklgjf{rg, Pj+ lgjf{rgåf/f ;Ifd g]t[Œj r'Gg] sfd lhNnfb]lv uf=h=;= :t/;Dd k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+un] ;DkGg eof] . h;n] ubf{ hgtfx? c;n k|zf;gåf/f Ps kl5 csf]{ ?kdf ljlwjt Pj+ Jojl:yt aGb} uP . k|zf;lgs ;Qf xftdf lnP klg Gofo k|0ffnLn] cf}rfl/stf kfpg eg] ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . lhNnfsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ lhNnf hg;/sf/n] ;fk]lIfs ?kdf cGtl/d sfg'gL d:of}bf lgdf{0f u¥of] . d:of}bfsf] cfwf/df g} /x]/ kmf}hbf/L d'2f / sltko b]jfgL d'2fx?df k|To]If lhNnf hg;/sfn] g} Gofo lbnfpg] sfd eP . cGo d'2fx?nfO{ uf=h=;= k|d'v jf=h=;= k|d'vx?af6 g} Gofo lbg] tyf ldnfkq ug]{ k|lqmofåf/f ;QFx? ;+rfng eP . t}klg o;sf] cfjZostf emg\ a9]/ uof] .

hgcbfnt pb\3f6g M

        @)^) r}q @^ ut] xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf] aLrdf cf}krfl/s ?kdf ælhNnf hgcbfnt ?s'dÆ sf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . hxf“ hgo'4sf] yfngL;+u} ?s'd]nL e"lddf ^ hgf xf]gxf/ jL/ ;d'tx?n] klxnf] kN6 Ps};fy alnbfg u/L qmflGtnfO{ phf{zLn u/fpg] P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf] 7fp“ lyof], lkkn uf=h=;= . ;QF ;+rfngsf] d]?b08 GofokflnsfnfO{ ljlwjt Pj+ Jojl:ytsf] vf“rf] j:t'ut cfjZostf lyof] . o;nfO{ dd{jf]w ub}{ cfd hg;d'bfodf hgjfbL Gofo k|0ffnLsf] ljlwjt :jfb rvfpg ;DalGwt kf6L{ Pj+ hg;QFn] x/dx]zf cfºgf kxnsbdLnfO{ cl3 a9fpg kl5 k/]g . sfo{qmddf ;f/f hg;d'bfosf] aLrdf Gofolw;, jlsnnfO{ ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff u/L hgtfåf/f cg'df]bg ul/Psf] lyof] . hg;d'bfosf] aLrdf cf–cfºgf k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ug]{ sfd Gofolw;, jlsnaf6 ePsf] lyof] .

Gofo k|0ffnL M

        hgcbfntn] cf}krfl/stf kfO;s]kl5 hgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df 3'DtL cbfntx? v8f ub}{ Gofo ;Dkfbgsf sfo{x? cl3 a9] . ;/sf/jfbL x'g] d'2fx?df ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;/sf/L jlsn / k|ltjfbLsf] tkm{af6 k|fOe]6 jlsn aLrdf ax; ug]{ / b'lgofjfbL x'g] d'2fx?df hgtf / hgtf aLrdf ax; ;+rfng u/L Gofolw;åf/f km};nf ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ . hgcbfntdf rn]sf ax;x?n] sltko l8u|L xfl;n u/]sf o'jf a'l4hLjLx?df jlsn aGg] rf;f] k}bf ug'{sf;fy} ;a} hg;d'bfodf gof“ pT;fx Pj+ lh1f;fsf t/+ux? k}bf u/]sf] 5 . Gofo tyf sfg'g ;DaGwL k|j'4 ju{ nufot ;a} Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfodf rf;f] emg\ a9]/ uof] . h;n] ubf{ cf–cfºg} 9+un] ts{ ljts{ rNg yfn] . d'2f s] xf] < Gofo s] xf] < sfg'g lsg rflxG5  < ck/fw s] xf] < uNtL s] xf] nufotsf ljleGg sf]0faf6 cg]sg lh1f;fx? hlGdg yfn] . nuQ} lhNnfe/L cfwf/e"t sfg'gL k|lzIf0fx? ;DkGg eP . h;n] ubf{ sfg'g, Gofo, d'2fdfldnf ;DaGwLsf c:ki6tfnfO{ cfGtl/s Pj+ jfx\o, j}rfl/s tyf Jojxfl/s ?kdf 7"nf] ;xof]u ug{ k'Uof] . kl/0ffd:j?k b'O{ kIFaLr d'v gldn]sf] ljifo d'2f xf] . plrt lrh Gofo xf] . ljjfb k/]sf] 7fp“df Gofo lbg'k5{ . Tof] g} OG;fkm xf] . Gofo u/]sf] eGbf k/]sf] b]lvg' k5{ .

        hgjfbL Gofo k|0ffnLdf cjnDjg ul/g] dfkb08x? x'g M

!_ hgtfdf e/ u/ (Rely on people)

@_ tYodf cfwfl/t xf]p (Based on fact)

#_ sfg'gsf] dfkb08df /x' (Standard of Law)

log} dfkb08df /x]/ Gofostf{n] Gofo lbg' plrt x'G5 . ;fdflhs Gofo / jf:tljs Gofo k|0ffnLnfO{ Gofostf{n] dxŒjsf;fy lng' kb{5 . ;dfhdf ck/fw x'g] ub{5g\ . To;sf/0f sfg'g rflxG5 . ck/fw ;dfhsf] pkh xf] . cg';Gwfg ug]{, kQf nufpg] / b08 lbg] tl/sf plrt x'G5 . sfg'gn] ug'{ eg]sf] sfd gug'{ / gug'{ eg]sf] sfd ug'{ s;/ xf] . of] @ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . kmf}hbf/L sfg'gsf] pn+3g ck/fw x'G5 eg] b]jfgL sfg'gsf] pn+3g uNtL x'G5 . Ho" Hofg;+u ;DaGwL ljifo kmf}hbf/L d'2f x'G5 eg] wg ;DklQ;+u ;DalGwt ljifo b]jfgL d'2f x'G5 eGg] nufotsf cGof}ntfnfO{ lrg{ k|lzIf0f s]xL xb;Dd ;kmn /x\of] . ljz]iftM olta]nf Gofo k|0ffnL @ efudf ljefhg u/L Gofo ;Dkfbfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

!_ ldnfkq / @_ km};nf .

!_ ldnfkq M

        b'lgofjfbL b]jfgL nufot sltko hgtfsf cfwf/e"t IF]qx?df hf]l8Psf ;d:ofx? ldnfkq leq kg]{ ub{5g\ . hg;d'bfosf] aLrdf j}rfl/s 5nkmn ax;åf/f :ki6 ub}{ hgtfnfO{ hgjfbsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fp“b} hgtfåf/f cg'df]lbt u/fP/ b'O{ kIFaLr ;Nnfx / ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ldnfkqåf/f ;d:of xn ug]{ ljlw ckgfpg] ul/G5 . hgjfbL ;Qfdf of] ljlw pQd x'g] b]lvG5 . Gofo k|0ffnLdf of] ljlwnfO{ g} klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOG5, kmf}hbf/L d'2f afx]s jf:tljs hgtf g} cbfnt xf] eGg] s'/f of] ljlwåf/f Jojxfl/s ?kdf k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

@_ km};nf M

        gof“ hgjfbL Gofo k|0ffnLdf sfg'g klg ljrf/n] ;+rfng ug]{ x'“bf OG;fkm klg ljrf/n] g} ug]{ ub{5 . hgjfbL sfg'gx? hgtfsf Jojxf/x?nfO{ ;/nLs[t ug{ / hgtfsf r]tgfx?nfO{ cu|ufdL lbzflt/ lng] p2]Zosf;fy ag]sf x'G5g\ . tfls o;n] hgtfsf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug{df 7"nf] ;xof]u u/f];\ . hgjfbL Gofo k|0ffnLdf hgtfåf/f cGdf]lbt u/fP/ km};nf lbg] sfd ul/G5 . cleo'QmnfO{ ck/fwsf] ;kmfO{ lbg] cyjf k|lt/IFf ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] x'G5 . km};nf clGtd x'“b}g, k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;'/lIft /fVb} km};nf ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] x'G5 . bf]ifL 87x/ e};s]kl5 aGb kvf{nleq s}b gul/P/ j}rfl/s 3]/fleq ;Lldt ub}{ lgDg cfwf/df b08sf] k|0ffnL nfu" ul/G5 .

!_ >dåf/f ;'wfg]{

@_ pTkfbgdf hf]8\g]

#_ hgtfsf] lg/LIF0fdf /xg]

$_ hgtf;+u} hgtfsf] dfemdf /xg] .

h'/L k|0fnL (Jury System)

of] a]nfotL k|rngdf cfPsf] Gofok|0ffnLsf] csf]{ tl/sf xf] . o;df %–& hgfsf] 6Ld x'G5 . h'/Ldf Ps};fy 6Ldn] u/]sf] lg0f{o x'G5 jf x'b}g eGg] kmfOgn ul/;s]kl5 km};nf ul/GYof] . g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df klg hg;Qf ;+rfngdf k|To]If hgtfåf/f ul/g] lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;fGble{s x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . x'g t ;+;f/df s'g} klg dfG5] :jtGq x'g ;Sb}g . oBkL xfd|f] lhNnfsf] xsdf klg of] h'/L u7g u/L nfu" ug]{ ;f]lrPsf] 5 . uf=h=;= x?df hfgdfg, ;dfh;]jL, /fi6«;]jL, :yflkt JolQmŒj Pj+ k|j'4 ju{nfO{ ;d]6]/ h'/L u7g u/L nfu" ug]{ pko'Qm 7flgPsf] 5 . h'/Ldf uDeL/ k|s[ltsf d'2fx? / ;f/f hgtfn] rf;f]sf;fy p7fPsf d'2fx? hfg] ub{5g\ . h'/Ln] 7Ls jf a]7Ls 5'§fP/ ;To, tYo / jf:tljs lrh kQf nufO{ Pp6f lg0f{odf k'U5 t/ km};nf eg] ug{ kfp“b}g . ;f] lg0f{onfO{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tyf Gofolw; ;dIf k'¥ofO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ cWoog u/L To;}sf cfwf/df sfg'gL km};nf ug]{ sfd Gofolw;af6 x'g hfG5 .

        qmflGtsf] cleGg c+u dWo Ps xf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{ . o;sf kf6f kIfx?nfO{ ;Dj[4 ub}{ qmflGtsf] cjfZoQmf;+u} @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf] dd{nfO{ k'/f ug{ gof“ ljrf/, gof“ r]tgf, gof“ Jojxf/åf/f hg;d'bfonfO{ kmf}hLs[t ub}{ n}hfg' clxn]sf] cfjZoQmf ePsf] 5 . ;dosf] ult / kl/l:yltsf] km]/abn;+u} x/]s lrhnfO{ kl/dfh{g Pj+ j}1flglss/0f ub}{ lng h?/L 5 . ;a}n] sDd/ s;f}+ .

-n]lvsf lhNnf hg;Qf, ?s'dsL jlsn x'g'x'G5–;+=_

 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com