d'Vo ;dfrf/x?
g]kfndf ef/tLo
;]gf leq\ofpg] tof/L
b]zelQmnfO{
ldng ljGb' agfpg] eg]/ /fi6«jfbsf] gf/f lbP/ gyfSg] /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] ef/tLo zf;s
;fd' b]znfO{ aGwsL /fv]/ uDeL/ /fi6«3ft u/]sf] ;+s]t kfOPsf] 5 . clkm|sL–PlzofnL
lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf qmddf hsftf{ k'u]sf /fhfn] b]z
/ hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] nflu nl8/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ bjfpg ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL
8f= dgdf]xg l;+x;“u ;]gf / xltof/ dfu]sf] s'/f ef/tLo ;~rf/ dfWodn] v'nf;f
u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfndf
;]gf / xltof/ ;xof]u ug{sf nflu ef/tLo k|=d=n] zt{ t]:of{Psf] s'/f klg ef/tLo ;~rf/
dfWodn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g . ef/tLo zt{ g]kfndf /fhgLlts k|lqmofsf] axfnL x'g'kg{] /x]sf]
jflx/ k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5 . t/, ef/tLo zf;sn] csf{] lbNnL ;+emf}tf ug{ leqleq
nfluk/]sf] 5 .
ef/tLo
…/f]8DofkÚ
ef/tLo kIfn] c3f]lift ?kdf Pp6f /f]8Dofk cl3 ;f/]sf] a'lemG5 . /fhf
1fg]Gb|sf] kxn jf g]t[Tjdf ;a} ;+;bjfbL zlQm ;lDdlnt ;/sf/ u7g ug{] / ToxL
;/sf/n] ef/t;“u …l8nÚ ug{'kg{] /x]sf] 5 . ef/tLosf] dWo:ytfdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{
klg ToxL ;/sf/;“u ;xdlt u/fpg] of]hgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . p;sf] ;f]+r eg]sf]
@))& ;fnsf] lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] k'g/fj[lQ u/fpg] xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] lbNnL ;Demf}tfnfO{
gdfg]df /fhf / ;+;bjfbL bn ;lDdlnt ;/sf/nfO{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf cfu|x ug{ nufP/ ef/tLo
;]gfnfO{ g]kfndf leq\ofP/ dfcf]jfbL;“u n8\g] of]hgf agfPsf] a'lemG5 . ;f]em}
ef/tLo ;]gfnfO{ leq\ofp“bf g]kfn / ef/tdf rsf{] lj/f]w x'g] ;+efjgfnfO{ dWogh/
u/]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] dftxtdf zflGt ;]gfsf gfddf ef/tLo ;]gf
leq\ofpg] s;/t ePsf] rrf{ rnfOb}+5 . h;nfO{ 1fg]Gb|n] hsftf{df ef/tLo kIf;“u ;xdlt
hgfPsf] atfOG5 .
oxL
/fi6«3ftL zt{ :jLsf/ u/]kl5 1fg]Gb|n] df3 !( ut] 3f]/ k|ltufdL sbd rfn]sf sf/0f
:ylut ;fs{sf] j}7s klg d]sf] cGTolt/ x'g] ePsf] 5 .
ef/tLo
zf;ssf] ;f]+rdf olt l5§} kl/jt{g lsg eof] <
klxnf]
s'/f t, /fhfn] df3 !( ut] rfn]sf] k|ltufdL sbdsf] ef/tLo zf;ssf] lj/f]w g]kfn /
g]kfnLsf] kIfdf xf]Og ls cfkm\g} :jfy{ 6s/fPsf] sf/0fn] lyof] . ef/tLo zf;sx?
hlxn] klg cfkm\gf] :jfy{nfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ dfq rNg] ub{5g\ . p;sf lglDt s]xL
jif{b]lv g]kfndf cd]l/sL bjbjf lrQ a'lem/x]sf] lyPg . g]kfnsf] cfly{s ar{:j cfkm\gf]
t/ ;]gfdf ks8 cd]l/sfsf] aGb} uPsf] lyof] . s]xL ;dob]lv 1fg]Gb|sf] em'sfj klg
cd]l/sflt/ a9]sf]df ef/tLo zf;snfO{ k6Ss} dg kl//x]sf] lyPg . cd]l/sf O/fsdf g/fd|/L
km“;]sf sf/0f g]kfndf Wofg lbg gEofO/x]sf] l:ylt Psflt/ / csf{lt/ 1fg]Gb|n]
hsftf{df ef/tLo zlQm;“u em's]sf sf/0f ef/t clxn] 1fg]Gb|nfO{ ;3fpg] l:yltdf
k'u]sf] xf] . km]l/ /fhf sdhf]/ ePsf] cj:yfdf ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ a9L bf]xg u/]/
cfkm\gf] :jfy{ l;4L x'g] cj:yf b]v]sf] 5 .
bf]>f]
s'/f, of] tLg dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmsf] csd{0otfn] klg p;nfO{ dfq xft lnP/
ef/tsf] :jfy{ k"/f x'g g;Sg] ef/tLo zf;snfO{ nfu]sf] x'g;S5 . ;+;bjfbL
PSn}n] /fhfsf] lj?4 s]xL ug{;Sg] b]lvPg . /fhflj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj
dfcf]jfbLn] ;zQm 9+un] nu]sf]n] clxn] ;+;bjfbL xf]Og dfcf]jfbL cufl8 cfO;s]sf] 5
. ;+;bjfbLnfO{ clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] lj/f]wsf] gfddf /fhf;“u ldnfOlb+bf g} p;n]
clxn] sNof0f 7fg]sf] 5 . h;sf] nflu pm leqleq} ;lqmo b]lvG5 .
t]>f]
s'/f, s]xL ;dootf ef/td} klg dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 6fpsf]
b'MvfOsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ef/tLo kIfsf] cf“s8fnfO{ g} dfGbf klg &%
k|ltzteGbf a9L e"–efudf k|efj hdfPsf] dfcf]jfbL;“u 7"nf] r'gf}tL
v]lk/x]sf] g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ ;xof]u gug{] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] xftdf
s]Gb|Lo ;Qf t'?Gt} sAhf x'g]5 / h;n] ef/tLo zf;snfO{ klg Rofn]~h x'g;S5 . klxnf]
s'/f t o;aLrdf ef/tn] b]zsf] nf]slk|o zlQm dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfkm\gf] cg's"n
3'dfP/ /fhflj?4 jfu{]lgª lrK;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 ls eg]/ v'a} sf]lzz
u/]sf] s'/f ef/tLo cvaf/dfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . b]zsf hgtfsf] tfut /
ltgsf] :jfy{sf] nflu nl8/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tj To;/L k|of]u gx'g] l:ylt
b]v]kl5 /fhfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;fOhdf Nofpg vf]h]sf] 5 . o;f] ug{
;lsPdf ef/tLo dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d]t dgf]an lug{] pgLx?sf] ;f]+r 5 .
rf}yf]
sf/0fdf, O/fs o'4df g/fd|/L km“;]sf] cd]l/sfn] rfx]/ klg ;xof]u ug{ g;ls/x]sf]
l:yltdf ef/tn] ;xof]u gubf{ g]kfnsf] k'/fgf ;Qfsf ;~rfns clxn] rLg, kfls:tfg /
Oh/fonsf] z/0fdf hf“b} lyP . h;sf] s/f0f ef/tLo zf;snfO{ 6fpsf] b'vfOsf] ljifo
alg/x]sf] lyof] . o;}n] klg p;n] g]kfndf cfkm\gf] l;sGhf bx|f] kfg{ / aflx/L
b]znfO{ g]kfndf cfpg glbg klg g]kfnnfO{ xtf/xtf/ ;xof]u ug{] l:yltdf k'Uof] .
ef/tLo
jfdbnsf] lj/f]w
ef/tåf/f
g]kfndf xltof/ cfk"lt{ ug{] s'/fnfO{ ef/tLo jfdbnx?n] lj/f]w u/]sf] s'/f
ljleGg ef/tLo ;+rf/ dfWodn] hgfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] o;af/]df s]Gb| ;/sf/;“u tTsfn
l:ylt :ki6 ug{ dfu ;d]t u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
efskf,
dfskf / cfP;kLn] @$ clk|nsf lbg 5'§f5'§} jQmJo k|sflzt u/L g]kfnsf /fhfn]
k|wfgdGqL 8f= dgdf]xg l;+xn] s'/fsfgL u/]kl5 ef/t g]kfnnfO{ xltof/ pknAw u/fpg ;xdt
ePsf] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] o; af/]df k|wfgdGqLn] :ki6 ul/lbg' kg{] dfu
u/]sf 5g\ .
jfdbnx?sf]
egfO{ 5 ls olb o:tf] xf] eg] of] b]zlxtsf] lj?4 5 / clxn];Dd ef/tn] g]kfnsf
hgtfaf6 h'g ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf 5g Tof] vtd x'g]5 .
olb
of] l/kf]6{ ;xL xf] eg] of] unt xf] / Gofo;+ut x}g eGb} dfS;{jfbLn] cufl8 eg]sf]
5 æo:tf] ul/Pdf ef/tnfO{ g]kfnsf] /fhfsf] tfgfzfxL sbdsf] ;dy{g ug{] eg]/
bf]ifL 7x¥ofOg]5 .Æ
g]kfndf gu/kflnsfsf] r'gfjnfO{ gSsnL atfp“b} efskfn] g]kfndf nf]stGqsf]
ljsNk gePsf] atfPsf] 5 /
k|wfgdGqLsf] xjfnf lbb}+ h] k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5 olb Tof] ;xL xf] eg] of] g]kfnsf]
nf]stGqsf] lj?4 5 eg]sf] 5 .
oxf“
:d/0fLo 5, ef/tsf] s]Gb| ;/sf/ jfdbnx?sf] ;xof]udf l6s]sf] 5 / p;sf] of] lsl;dsf]
s8f k|ltlqmofn] ef/tLo ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] lg0f{odf k'glj{rf/ ug{'kg{] l:ylt k}bf
x'g;S5 .
;+;bjfbL
bnsf g]tf eml:sP
;w}
bf]xf]/f] /f]n v]Nb} cfPsf] ef/tLo zf;ssf] g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{]
s'/fnfO{ ef/tlt/ cfzfsf] gh/n] x]l//x]sf g]tfx?nfO{ g/fd|/L em:sfPsf] 5 .
@)!& ;fndf dx]Gb|sf] kmf}hL sbdsf] ;'?df lj/f]w u/]/ ^ dlxgfkl5 ;dy{g u/]sf]
ef/tn] clxn] ToxL k/Dk/fnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofPsf] b]lvg'n] sltko ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?nfO{
?i6 kf/]sf] 5 . /fhfsf] k|ltufdL sbdsf] lj?4 ;zQm cfGbf]ng ug{'sf] ;§f ef/tLo
zf;ssf] d'v tfs]/ a;]sf ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?nfO{ ef/tsf] kl5Nnf] sbdkl5 pgLx? s;/L
cufl8 a9\nfg Tof] x]g{ af“sL 5 .
Gfof“
lbNnL÷ ;}lgs andf 1fg]Gb|n] ;Dk'0f{ clwsf/ cfkm}df u|x0f u/]/ k|ToIf zf;g z'?
u/]kl5 To;sf] la?4 cfGbf]ng/t g]kfnsf 5 /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n]] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ u0ftGqdf hfg'kg]{ atfPsf 5g
ef/tsf]
/fhwfgL gof“ lbNnLdf oxL a}zfv !) ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sfFu|];, g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pstfs]Gb|–d;fn_, g]kfnL sf+u|];-k|hftflGqs_,
g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{-;+o'Qm_sf g]tfx?n] Pp6} d~raf6 To:tf]
3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g .
g]kfndf
/fhtGqsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] atfp“b} pgLx?n] lab|f]xL dfcf]jffbL;“u ;xsfo{
u/]/ /fhtGq la?4 ;+3if{ ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
g]kfn
8]df]qm];L PnfoG; / xo'dg /fO6 n g]6js{åf/f cfof]lht g]kfndf ;+j}wflgs ;+s6 /
cfufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; laifos uf]i7Ldf g]tfx?n] /fhf / /fh;+:yfsf] v'n]/ cfnf]rgf
u/]sf lyP . ;+;bLo /fhgLlts bnn] u/]sf sldsdhf]/Lk|lt cfTdcfnf]rgf ub}{ gof“
9+un] cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; ub}{ cl3 a9g l9nfO ug{ gx'g]df klg pgLx?sf] hf]8 lyof] .
Pstfs]Gb|–d;fnsf k|jQmf ;f]gfdn] k|hftflGqs k|lqmofaf6 ;+lawfg;efdf hfg'sf]
ljsNk gePsf] jtfpg'eof] . pxf“n] xfd|f] b]zsf] ;d:of xfdL cfkm} ;dfwfg ug{
;S5f} ef/t / cd]l/sfn] xltof/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fP/ x:tIf]k gu/Lb]pm a? nf]stflGqs
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u u/ eGg'eof] .
g]kfnL
sf“u|]; k|hftflGqssf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|bLk lu/Ln] /fhf;“u n8gsf] nflu cGo /fhgLlts
bnn] s'g} g s'g} tl/sfn] dfcf]jfbL;“u ;xsfo{ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbb}
pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …of t ;+3if{ u/ of t cfTd;dk{0f u/, o;sf] csf]{ ljsNk g}
5}g . ldi6/ 1fg]Gb| t'?Gt b]z 5f]8 eGg] g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] efjgfsf] sb/ ug'{k5{ .
1fg]Gb|nfO{ x/fpg] k/flht ug]{ jf eufpg] h] u/] klg x'G5 t/ dfg'{ x“'b}g lsgeg]
d ufGwLjfbL x“' .Ú olb cfk'mnfO{ gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf ug{ lbg] xf] eg]
cfkm" g]kfndf /fhf /fVg'k5{ eGg] kIfdf g/x]sf] klg pxf“n] :ki6 kfg'{ eof]
.
g]kfnL
sf“u|];sf s[[i0f l;6f}nf 3f“6Lsf] la/fdL ePsf sf/0f pxf“sf] egfO{ cd/]zs'df/
l;+xn] /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . cfkmgf] bnn] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yfkgfkl5 ;+lawfg;efdf
hfg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
Pdfn]
lab]z ljefusf ;lrj /fhg e§/fO{n] cfkmgf] bnleq u0ftGqsf] laifodf ax; eO/x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . cfkmgf] bn slxNo} klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljkIfdf g/x]sf]
klg pxf“n] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{sf dxf;lrjåo x[boz lqkf7L / /fh]Gb|
dxQf]n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ /fhgLlts lgsf;df hfg'kg]{ wf/0f JoQm
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . g]skf ;+o'Qmsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o rGb|b]j hf]zLn] /fhgLlts bnx?
aLrdf ;xsfo{ u/]/ /fhgLlts lgsf; lgsfNg' kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
jfdkGyL
a'l4hLjL xl/ /f]sfn] /fhtGqlj?4 n8g] jftfj/0f aGb} uPsf] atfp“b} cj ;+ljwfg;ef
dfkm{t gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{sf] ljsNk gePsf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . xo'dg /fO{6;
n g]6js{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs sf]lng uf]Ghfn]hn] g]kfndf /fhf /x];Dd zflGt gcfpg]
atfpb} eGg'eof]– …/fhf x6fpg] ;do glhs cfPsf] 5 . /fhf x6\5 . cj g]kfndf aGg]
gof“ ;+ljwfgdf hgtf clwsf/;DkGg x'g]5g\ .Ú
;dfhjfbL
df]rf{sf k|d'v ljho k|tfkn] g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnnfO{ cfu|x ub}{ eGg'eof]–…/fhgLlts
bnx?aLr jftf{ rnfpg';\, ;xdlt / ;dembf/L sfod ug'{;\ / /fhgLlts lgsf; lgsfNg';\
.Ú
b'O{
;qdf ;~rflnt pQm uf]i7Lsf] klxnf] ;qsf] cfof]hgf ef/tsf] ;af]{Rr cbfnt af/
Pzf]l;o;g / xo'dg /fO{6 n g]6js{n] u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf cfpg nfUg' ePsf
g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k"j{ GofowLz nId0f cof{n, jf/ Pzf]l;o;gsf cWoIf
zDe' yfkf / clwjQmf eLdfh'{g cfrfo{nfO{ sf7df8f}l:yt lqe'jg ljdfg:yndf ;'/IffsdL{n]
ljdfgaf6} emf/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmdnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5sf] cGtl/d ;/sf/sf dGqL 8f=b]j]Gb|/fh
kf08]n] g]kfndf ckl/jt{gLo wf/f g/x]sf] gof“ ;+lawfg cfjZos /x]sf] atfp“b}
clxn]sf] cj:yfdf /fhgLlts bnx?aLr a[xb\ ;xsfo{ u/]/ cl3 hfg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof]
. /fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbL ;“u} cl3 a9g'kg]{ atfp“b} pxf“n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{
gof“ /fhgLlts OsfO v8f u/]/ c? /fhgLlts bn;“u ;+jfb ug{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . /fhfsf]
sbd ;+j}wflgs, Jofjxfl/s / /fhgLlts s'g} lx;fjn] klg pko'Qm gePsf] :ki6 kfg{'eof]
.
/f]Nkfdf
zfxL ;]gfsf] cft+s, hg;]gfsf] k|lt/f]w
bfª÷ 7"nf] tfdemfdsf ;fy
uPsf zfxL ;]gf clxn] /f]Nkfsf s]xL ufp“x? 6]Sg'nfO{ g} 7"nf] ;kmntf ePsf]
k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . clxn] To; If]qdf zfxL ;]gfn] lgz:q hgtfsf] xTof ug{], anfTsf/
ug{] sfo{nfO{ ltj|tf lbPsf] s'/f xfd|f /f]Nkfl:yt ;+jfbbftf r]tg s'“j/n]
atfPsf 5g .
zfxL ;]gfsf] cfqmd0fsf] 8/n] a"9fa"9L s]6fs]6L;d]t sltko ufp“
vfnL g} u/]/ h+un k;]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ 3/df kfn]sf ufO{e};Lsf] ;d]t ljrNnL
k/]sf] 5 . hgtfn] b'Mv u/]/ kfn]sf v;L,jfv|f, s'v'/f, a+u'/ cflb zfxL ;]gfn]
n'6]/ vfOlbPsf] s'/f ;d]t ;+jfbbftfn] hgfPsf 5g\ . clxn]] /f]Nkfdf zfxL ;]gfn]
ul//x]sf] HofbtLsf] bb{gfs lrq x]g{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/jfbL 6f]nL
t'?Gt /f]Nkf k'Ug'kg{] dfu ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL, a'l4hLjLx?n] u/]sf 5g\ .
o;cl3
/f]Nkf lhNnfsf] sf]6ufp“ / /fªsf]6df hgd'lQm ;]gf / zfxL ;]gfaLr a}zfv ^ ut]
ePsf 5'6\6f5'6\6} le8Gtx?df zfxL ;Qfsf kf“r bh{geGbf a9L ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] d'To'
ePsf] lyof] . hg;]gfn] zfxL ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ nv]6g] qmddf a}zfv & / *
ut] klg kmf6\6km'6\6 le8Gtx? ePsf] lyof] .
/fª\sf]6df ePsf] le8Gtdf #) hgfeGbf a9L zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] / tLg
x]lnsf]K6/n] nf; / 3fOt]x?nfO{ cf];f/]sf] ;f] 36gfsf k|ToIfbzL{n] atfPsf 5g\ .
;f] 36gfdf hgd'lQm ;]gftkm{ b'O{ hgf of]4fx? ;fdfGo 3fOt] ePsf 5g . To:t} ;f]xL
lbg sf]6ufp“df ePsf] le8Gtdf TolQs} ;+Vofdf zfxL ;Qfsf ;'/IFfsdL{x?sf] d[To'
ePsf] atfOG5 . hg;]gftkm{ eg] tLg hgfsf] zxfbt / cGo tLg hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g .
sf7df8f}÷ zfxL ;]gfn]
dfcf]jfbL;“usf] eL8Gtdf dfl/Psf cfkm\gf l;kfxLx?sf] ;+Vof s;/L n'sfp“bf]
/x]5 eGg] s'/f p;n] g} kqklqsfx?nfO{ lbg] u/]sf] ;da]bgf lj1fkgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 .
ut
r}q @%ut] ?s'dsf] vf/fdf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;fxl;s cfqmd0f u/] nuQ} ?s'ds} bnl;+ eGg]
:yfgdf ;]gfsf] sdf08f] kmf];{sf] ?kdf lrlgPsf] o'4e}/j u0f / /]~h/ a6flnog;“u
@ lbg nfdf] eL8Gt ePsf] lyof] . ;f] eL8Gtdf ;]gfsf pk/f]Qm @ u0fsf cltl/Qm c?
u0fsf l;kfxLx? ;d]t lyP / dfcf]jfbLsf] cfqmd0fdf k/L s]xLn] 36gf:ynd} Hofg
u'dfPsf lyP eg] p;sf] alnof] ;xf/f dflgPsf x]lnsf]K6/x? klg Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP .
:k]zn kmf];{n] g} hgd'lQm ;]gf;“u g/fd|f] xf/ vfg'k/]kl5 ;f] 36gfdf ^)
dfcf]jfbL d/]sf] a'lemPsf] em'6\6f bfjL ;]gfn] u/]sf] lyof] . p;n] ;f] 36gfdf
cfkm\gftkm{ dfl/Psfsf] ;+Vof atfPg .
t/,
lxhf] ;f]daf/ k|sflzt sflGtk'/df ;f] eL8Gtdf o'4e}/j u0fsf x'2f uf]s'n
ltldlN;gfsf] d[To' ePsf] eGb} ;f] u0fsf u0fkltn] d[tsk|lt ;dj]bgf lbPsf 5g\,
hjls 36gf nuQ} ;]gfn] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf Toxf“ cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ePsf] Ifltsf]
af/]df s]xL s'/f klg pNn]v lyPg . o'4e}/j u0fsf cnjf c? u0fx? klg ;dfj]z /x]sf]
;f] eL8Gtdf c? u0fsf l;kfxLx? klg dfl/Psf lyP t/ ltgnfO{ ;dj]bgf lbPsf 5}gg\ .
To;
cufl8sf] vf/f eL8Gtdf zfxL ;]gfn] cfkm\gf]tkm{ hDdf # hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] em'7f]
bfjL u/]sf] lyof] . t/ tL tLg hgfsf] gfddf ;d]t ;]gfn] kqklqsfdfkm{t\ ;dj]bgf
lbPsf] 5}g hjls o; cl3 eg] lbg] rng lyof] . c? s}of}+ ;}lgsx? Dffl/Psf] /
kmf]6f] ;lxt ;dj]bgf lb+bf cfkm\gf] bfjL em'7f] 7xl/g] x'gfn] ;dj]bgf glbPsf]
rrf{ 5 .
sf7df8f}÷clvn qmflGtsf/Ln]
oxL a}zfv ! ut]b]lv g]kfnsf lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfnox? aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5
To;sf] b]zJofkL k|efj k/]sf] 5 . /fhwfgL nufot b]z}el/ clxn] lghL If]qaf6 ;+rflnt
lzIf0f ;:yfx? k"0f{ ?kdf aGb ePsf 5g\ .
lzIff
h:tf] kljq If]qdf eO/x]sf] Jofkf/nfO{ /f]Sg / c;dfg lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ b'?T;fxg
ug{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ n] u/]sf] aGbk|lt s]xL x'g]vfg]x?jfx]s ;a}n] :jfut u/]sf
5g\ .
lzIffdf rsf{] d'gfkmf vfb}+ cfPsf d'gfkmfvf]/sf :s"nx?dfly clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
n] 5fgL5fgL sfjf{xL ;'? u/]sf] 5 . oxL a}zfv ^ ut] dfq klZrd lrtjgsf b'O{j6f
ljBfnodf ad lj:kmf]6 u/fO Iflt u/fPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . sNof0fk'/l:yt :dn x]eg cfjf;Lo
pRr dfWolds ljBfno / k6]xfgLsf] Ps cfjf;Lo dfWoflds ljBfnodf klg ad la:kmf]6 u/L
Iflt u/fOPsf] 5 .
/fhg}lts
lgsf; lgSof}nsf ;DaGwdf dfcf]jfbL;“u ;xsfo{ x'g;S5M z+s/ kf]v/]n
Pdfn]sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o z+s/ kf]v/]nn] cj k|hftGqsf] gof“ gof“ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;sf]
lbzfdf s]lGb|t x'g h?/L 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n]
;xof]uL hg;Gb]z ;fKtflxsnfO{ lbg'ePsf] cGtjf{tf{df cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 5 –æTo;f]
ubf{ kf6L{x?n] )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] :yflkt u/]sf] k|hftGq k"0f{ lyof],
t/ clxn] vl08t eof] eGg]tkm{ xf]Og )$^ ;fnsf] k|hftGq ck"0f{ lyof] ca
To;nfO{ k"0f{ agfpg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r lng'k5{ . vf]l;Psf] 5 lkmtf{ x'g'k5{ eGg]
s'/fnfO{ dfq} clxn]sf] lg/+s'ztf lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngn] h'g p“rfO dfu u/]sf] 5,
Tof] p“rfO xfl;n x'g ;Sb}g .Æ
c;f]h !* kl5sf] k|s[ltsf] h:tf] cfGbf]ngsf] ca cfjZostf 5}g, eGg'x'“b}
pxf“n] eGg'ePsf] 5 ælg/+s'ztfsf] lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng eg]sf] s] xf]Og eg] Tof]
k|bz{gd'vL, ;Tofu|xd'vL, k|rf/d'vL, s'6g}lts, c;xof]ufTds xf];\ . o;/L lg/+s'ztGq
k/flht x'“b}g . cfkm\gf] cl:tTjdfly r'gf}tL pTkGg x'“bf dfq} s;}n] k/fhosf]
cg'e"lt ug{] xf] . clxn] klg /fhg}lts bnx?n] o; s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ul//x]sf
5}gg\ . o;sf/0f h;sf lj?4 cfGbf]ng nl8Psf] xf], p;;“usf 3[0ffx?, cfqmf]zx? /
;+3if{sf hf]lvdx? :jfefljs ?kdf k|s6 x'g'k5{ . Pp6f cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] lj/f]wLx?sf]
lgu/fgL, cfqmd0faf6 x/bd cfkm"nfO{ c;'lIft dx;'; ug{'k5{ . Tof] kl/l:ylt
ljsf; x'g] tx;Ddsf] p“rfO cfGbf]ngn] k|fKt ug{'k5{ . cj}wflgs ;Qfsf lj?4
j}wflgs cfGbf]ng x'g ;Sb}g .
pxf“n]
cfGbf]ngsf lglDt of] eGbf pko'Qm csf{] ;do 5}g eGg'x'“b} cufl8 hf]8 lbb}
eGg'ePsf] 5– æTo:tf] cfGbf]ng hgtf ;a}eGbf a9L kLl8t ePsf] a]nfdf g} ;Dej
x'G5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfTd/IffTds 9¨n] xf]Og, cfqmfds 9¨n] ;xL
sfo{lbzfsf cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf lglDt ckLn ug{' cfjZos 5 . Æ
Pdfn]n] g]t[Tjsf] ;+of]hg ub{]5 eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf z+s/ kf]v/]nn]
eGg'ePsf] 5– æg]t[Tjs} k'g;+of]hgaf/] t xfdLn] s'g} lg0f{o ul/;s]sf 5}gf} .
t/ ablnPsf] kl/l:yltsf] cfwf/df kf6L{nfO{ k'gu+l7t ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/f xf] .
ljutsf] ;dLIffsf cfwf/df x]bf{ kf6L{ k'gu{7gsf] cf}lrTo k|i6 x'G5 To:t} ;+;bLo
cEof;sf qmddf xfdLn] h:tf] lsl;dsf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f u¥of}+, To;nfO{ k'gJo{jl:yt
gug{] xf] eg] cfGbf]ng 7Ls–7Ls 9¨n] cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g, xfdLn] cfGbf]ngsf]
dgl:yltsf ;fy kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' h?/L 5 .Æ
kl5Nnf] ;/sf/df Pdfn]sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ pxf“sf] k|ltlqmof 5– æd'n'sdf
/fhf k|ltudgtkm{ cufl8 al9;s]sf] l:yltdf / Ps jif{ nfdf] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ng
rnfOPsf] k[i7e"lddf ;/sf/nfO{ ;+3if{sf] Pp6f c¨sf ?kdf k|of]u ug{] gLlt cl¨sf/
ubf{ klg k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf] PstfnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfpg' kYof{] . k|hftflGqs
zlQmx?;“u ljeflht eP/ ;/sf/df hfg] sfd q'6Lk"0f{ g} lyof] . To:tf] ;/sf/df
hfg] sfd q'6Lk"0f{ g} lyof] . To:tf] ;/sf/ g t k|efjsf/L x'g;SYof] g t
;+3if{sf] cf}hf/ g} aGg ;SYof] . a? pQm ;/sf/n] cft+ssf/L sfg'gsf] Dofb a9fpg],
;]gfsf] sNof0fsf]if ;DaGwL sfg'g Nofpg], /fhb/af/ vr{nfO{ :jR5frf/L ?kdf a9fpg],
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"Noa[l4 ug{], Eof6 a9fpg] h:tf hglj/f]wL lg0f{o u¥of]
. xfdL o;sf] ;dLIff ub{}5f}+ . k|hftflGqs Pstf vl08t ePs} sf/0f ;8s cfGbf]ng klg
c;kmn eof] /, bnx?nfO{ pkof]u u/]/ /fhfnfO{ cufl8 a9\g ;xh eof] . PstfnfO{ vl08t
ug{' g} bnx?sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] q'6L lyof] . Æ
b/af/lj?4 cfGbf]ng s]lGb|t ubf{ dfcf]jfbLsf] klg ;xof]u lnP/ cufl8 a9\g]
;Defjgfaf/] kf]v/]nsf] egfO{ 5– ædfcf]jfbLx? ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg;lxt /fHosf]
k'g;+/rgf ug{] cfkm\gf] dfGotfdf OdfGbf/ 5g\ eg] /fhg}lts bnx?n] eg]sf]
k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] kl/efiff klg ToxL xf] eg] /fhg}lts lgsf; lgSof}+ndf ;DaGwdf
;xsfo{ x'g;S5 . kf6L{x?n] k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] nIo, o;/L :ki6 ug{ ;s]gg eg]
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'g] dfq xf]Og, /fhf;+usf] n8fO klg cf}lrToxLg x'g hfG5
. Æ
pxf“n] yk JofVof ub{} eGg'ePsf] 5– æb'j} kIf /fhgLlts Ph]08fnfO{ ;+ljwfg
;ef / /fHo k'g;+/rgfsf] cfhsf] tfTsflng nIosf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ k|lta4 x'g'k5{ .
/, To;sf nflu hgcfGbf]ng g} cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] ;f]+Rg'k5{ .Æ
k]|;dflysf]
cfqmd0f /fhfn] ug{ nufPsf] ;+rf/sdL{sf] 7x/
a'6jn÷
ut df3 !( sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 g]kfnL k|]; hutdfly lg/Gt/ ePsf cfqmd0f /fhfn]
ug{ nufPsf] s'/f cfOtaf/ a'6jndf cfof]lht cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ;~rf/sdL{x?n]
atfP . pgLx?sf] ts{ lyof] /fhfsf] sbd k|ltufdL ePsf] / cfkm\gf sbdsf] kbf{kmf;
gxf];\ egL k|];dfly k|ltjGw nufPsf]n] ;/sf/n] k|];dfly cfqmd0f u/]sf] xf] .
To;sf/0f of] cfqmd0fdf /fhfs} xft 5 eGbf 7Ls x'G5 .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf k'j{cWoIf xl/x/ lj/xLn] df3 !( kl5
/fHon] k|]; hutdf cftÍ dRrfPsf] atfp“b} df3 !( kl5 k|];dflysf] cfqmd0f /fhfn]
ug{ nufPsf] atfpg' eof] . b/af/ 36gfn] /fhf ePsf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ clxn] k|wfgdGqL aGg]
/x/ rn]sf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 eGb} kqsf/ lj/xLn] /fhfaf6 lg/Gt/ c;+j}wflgs sbd e}/x]sf
/ /fhfsf sbdn] b]z s}bvfgfdf kl/0ft ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
kqsf/ xl/x/ lj/xLn] eGg'eof]– …df3 !( sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffn] ld;g kqsfl/tfsf]
cfjZostf NofPsf] / kqsf/x? cfºgf] xs clwsf/sf nflu cfGbf]lnt x'g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .Ú
df]km;ndf ;~rf/sdL{n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx?sf] cg'udg ug]{ qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3
/ ;fpy Pl;og ldl8of P;f]l;o;g -;fkmdf_ g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj ub}{
a'6jn cfpg'ePsf lj/xLn] a'6jnsf sof}+ k|sfzg u[xdf ePsf cfqmd0fsf] wDsL /
u'08fubL{ zfxL 3f]if0ffs} pkxf/ ePsf] atfp“b} o:tf] cj:yfdf kqsf/x? cfºgf] xs
lxtsf] nflu Ps eP/ n8\g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj dx]Gb| lji6n] /fHoaf6 lklN;Psf kqsf/x?nfO{
s]xL ;dootf u'08fx?sf] ;d"xn] ;d]t ;tfpg yfn]sf] atfp“b} ;f]sf lj?4 kqsf/x?
Psh'6 eP/ nfUg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . df3 !( kl5 ;~rf/ dfWodx? cfqmd0fsf] lg;fgf aGb}
uPsf] atfp“b} pxf“n] k]|; :jtGqtf k|hftGqdf dfq x'G5 eGg'eof] .
pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 ?kGb]xLsf ;efklt 8L=cf/
l3ld/]n] df3 !( sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 :jtGq k|]; ;a}eGbf a9L kLl8t ePsf] 5 /
n]vgdf nufOPsf] cª\s';n] kqsf/ cGof]ndf ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
sfo{qmddf cGo kqsf/x? s0f{axfb'/ sfsL{, xl/ nD;fn, ch'{g 1jfnL, bLks
1jfnL nufotsf jQmfx?n] df3 !( sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 :jtGq k|];dflysf] x:tIf]kaf6
df]km;ndf ePsf 36gfx? / ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofsf] lhDd]jf/ /fhf g} x'g'kg]{ s'/f atfP
.
df]xg
s];L -k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/_
hg;]gfsf] sdf08f] PDa';df l8P;kL /
OG;k]S6/sf] d[To'
hgsk'/÷dfcf]jfbLn] yfk]sf] w/fkdf
k/L oxL a}zfv & ut] wg'iffsf] 9Ns]j/df k|x/L lg/LIfs;lxt tLg k|x/Lsf] d[To'
ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ;8sdf /fv]sf] afn'jfsf] af]/f kG5fpg hf“bf pgLx?sf] d[To'
ePsf] xf] . ;f] 36gfdf cGo cfwf bh{g hlt k|x/L 3fOt] ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
To:t}
j}zfv ^ ut] wg'iffd} hg;]gfn] /fli6|o cg';Gwfgsf k|d'v gfoa pk/LIfs lji0f' kf]v/]nnfO{
sdf08f] cfqmd0f u/L ;kmfof ul/lbPsf lyP . hgsk'/sf] b]jLrf]sl:yt b"/;~rf/
sfof{nocufl8 lx+l8/x]sf] cj:yfdf df]6/;fOsndf cfPsf b'O{ hg;]gfn] kf]v/]nnfO{
uf]nL xfg]sf lyP . ;f]xL lbg lhNnfs} aGbLk'/df hg;]gfn] u/]sf] sdf08f] PDa';df
k/L ^ zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
l/df]6 dfOg
lj:kmf]6, l8P;kL / SofK6]gsf] ;kmfof
kf]v/f÷ut
r}q @( ut] uf]/vfsf] k[YjLgf/fo0f gu/kflnsfdf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] zfxL ;]gfsf]
u:tLnfO{ nlIft u/]/ l/df]6 sG6«f]nåf/f dfOg lj:kmf]6 u/fPsf] af;' :d[lt rf}yf]
lj|u]8 sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] la:kmf]6af6 # zfxL ;]gfsf] 36gf:yndf g} d[To'[
ePsf] / cGo ^ hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP .
o;cl3
;f] sfof{nosf cg';f/ r}q !& ut] kf]v/fdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] u'Ktr/ ;+:yf /fli6«o
cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf l8P;kL df]xg s];LnfO{ uf]nL xfgL ;kmfof ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL lbg
gjnk/f;Ldf zfxL ;]gfsf] Ps SofK6]g ch'{g s'dfnnfO{ ;kmfof u/]sf] klg ;f]xL
lj|u]8n] hgfPsf] 5 .
;fwgf
clwsf/Lsf] zf]s ;ef eO/x]sf] a]nf lxhf] zfxL hNnfbx?åf/f Pdfn] sfof{nodf
cfqmd0f ePsf] 5 . d'v'08f] nufPsf xltof/wf/Lx?n] Pdfn]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
tf]8kmf]8 ug{'sf] ;fy} Toxf“ /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
Pdfn]sf
o'jf g]tf of]u]z e§/fO{ / lvdnfn e§/fO{nfO{ vf]Hg] axfgfdf pgLx? cfPsf]
atfOPsf] 5 . Pdfn] sfof{nodf zfxL ;Qfåf/f ul/Psf] of] lgGbgLo sfo{sf] ;j{q
eT;{gf ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}aLr
Pdfn]n] ;+emf}tfk/:t xf]Og ;zQm cfGbf]ng ug{'k5{ eg]/ cfkm\gf] leGgdt hfx]/
u/]sf sf/0f kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fh]Gb| >]i7nfO{ cl:t zfxL ;]gfn]
sf7df8f}+af6 kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . To:t} g]=la= ;+3sf k"j{ dxf;lrj Pjd\ u0ftGqsf
k|v/ kIfw/ uug yfkfnfO{ lxhf] /flt 7d]naf6 lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
kf“r
hgf zfxL 8f“sfx?sf] ;kmfof
e}/xjf÷?kGb]xLsf]
;LdfjtL{ IF]qdf kg]{ dr{jf/ ufp“df oxL a}zfv !) ut] kf“r hgf zfxL u'08fx?
dfl/Psf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL k|ltsf/ ;ldltdf /x]/ dfcf]jfbL l;Wofpg] 7]Ssf lnPsf tL
u'08fx?n] jiff}{+b]lv l;dfjtL{ IF]qdf n'6kf6 dRrfpg], ;f]emf l;wf ufp“n]x?nfO{
dfcf]jfbLsf] lj?4df pqg nufpg], gdfGg]x?nfO{ s'6lk6 ug]{ 3/af/ljxLg agfP/
nv]6\g] / xTof ;d]t ug]{ u/]sf lyP .
;kmfofdf k/]sf u'08fx?sf] aofgcg';f/ pgLx?n] zfxL ;]gfaf6 tna / eQf lng]
u/]sf], xltof/ tyf uf]nLu¶f lng] u/]sf], ;fy} ;LdjtL{ ef/tsf] k|zf;g / P;=P;=lj=n]
klg cfjZos ;xof]u lbg] u/]sf] atfPsf] s'/f v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .
:yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf cg';f/ dr{jf/ IF]qdf ef/tn] cltqmd0f u/L gx/sf] af“w
lgdf{0f u/]sf]n] To; IF]qsf %÷& uf=h=;= 8'jfgdf k/]sf] 5 / ;f] sfo{sf]
hgtfn] lj/f]w ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . hgtfsf] lj/f]wnfO{ lg:t]h ug{ ef/tLo zfifsx?n]
klg cfºgf u'08fx? kl/rfng u/]sf] 5 . ltg} u'08fx?sf] ;d"xdf /x]sfx? g}
clxn] ;kmfofdf k/]sf x'g\ . hgtfsf cg';f/ clxn] ;LdfjtL{ lhNnf slknj:t', ?kGb]xL,
gjnk/f;L, jf/f, k;f{, l;/xf, / ;Kt/L;Dd g} u'08fx?sf] 7"n} lu/f]x ;s[o 5 .
pgLx? g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;/sf/L ;Demf}tf cg';f/ g} lqmofzLn /x]sf] atfOG5 . ;b/d'sfddf
;d]t cfºgf] ;QF arfpg g;s]sf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ufp“ufp“df o:tf u'08fx?n]
k|ltsf/ ;ldlt agfO{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ tyf vfg, a:g lbg] hgtfsf] ;d]t xTof ug]{,
n'6kf6 ug]{, ufp“sf ufp“ cfuhgL ug]{ sfo{df ;s[o oL u'08fx?åf/f /fxt ldn]sf]
5 .
;kmfofdf k/]sf u'08fx?df ;f]d/xjf uf=h=;=sf hgfb{g ofbj / nId0f df}o{, s/f}tf
uf=h=;=sf h}; df]xDdb, åfl/sf nf]w / k|sfz nf]w /x]sf 5g\ . lgh u'08fx? klxn]
sf“u|]; sfo{stf{ ;d]t /x]sf] / clxn] df3 !(sf] zfxL sbd kl5 cfkm"x? /fhfsf
eQm /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . /, pgLx?n] ca t /fhfn] zf;g lnPsf]n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Ps÷Ps
u/L ;vfk kfg'{k5{ eGb} ufp“df tf08j dRrfpg yfn]sf lyP .
o;}aLr g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] :yfgLo kf6L{n] ;+;bLo kf6L{x?nfO{ o:tf
u'08fx?nfO{ kf6L{sf] ;+/If0f glbg cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . !( sf] zfxL sbd kl5 /ftf/ft
b/jf/ l5/]sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ sfjf{xL ug{ klg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
1fg]Gb|sf]
;Daf]wgkl5sf] k|ltlqmof
sf7df8f}+÷
/fhf 1fg]Gb|n] xfn} lbPsf] 6fOdsf] cGtjf{tf{ / jfª8'ªdf cleJoQm ljrf/af/]
b]zdf tLj| k|ltlqmof hGdfPsf] 5 . xfnsf s]xL lbg otfsf cvjf/x?df oxL ;dfrf/n]
lgs} k|fyldstf kfPsf 5g\ . b]zsf clwsf+z cvjf/x?df Aofg/ Go"h / ;DkfbsLo
o;}af/]df n]lvPsf 5g\ .
o;}qmddf
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u/]sf] 7x/ /fhfsf] b]lvG5 . gf} jif{b]lv d'n'sdf rln/x]sf] xTof / lx+;fsf]
>[+vnfsf] z'?jft klg kf6L{x?s} c;Ifdtfsf] sf/0f ePsf] eGg] /fhfsf] ;Daf]wg /
cGtjf{tf{df JoQm s'/fx?af6 b]lvG5 . o;/L clxn]sf] cj:yfdf d'n's cfOk'Ug'df !$
jif{] k|hftGqsfnLg ;donfO{ dfq bf]if lbPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ jf:tljstf Tof] k6Ss} x}g
. clxn] d'n'sdf rln/x]sf] ljb|f]x / xTof–lx+;f el8\sg'sf] sf/stTj eg]sf] ;lbof}+b]lv
g]kfndf rln/x]sf] ;fdGtjfb, 5'jf5't, e]befj / c;dfgtf x'g\ . To;dfly ljleGg
hghflt, efiffefifL, wdf{jnDaL, hghflt, cflbjf;LaLr ;dGjofTds ?kdf sfo{ x'g g;Sg',
;dfgtfsf cfwf/df ltgLx?sf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg' g} ljb|f]xsf] d"n sf/0f xf] .
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cfkm"nfO{ ;kmn agfPsf x'g\ . zfxj+zsf] sl/a b'O{ ;o jif{] Oltxf; z'? ePb]lv
g} g]kfnL ;dfhdf pNn]lvt c;dfgtf ljBdfg lyP / xfn;Dd klg 5 . !)$ jif{] /f0ff
zf;g, #) jif{] k~rfotL zf;g / !$ jif{] ax'bnLo zf;gn] klg tL ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{ g;s]s} sf/0f ljb|f]xLx? df}nfpg kfPsf x'g\ . !$ jif{sf] ax'bnsf s/f0fn] dfq
dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x ;'? ePsf] x}g . vfnL k|hftflGqs ;/sf/x?n] d'n'sdf ;lbof}+b]lv
/x]sf] e]befj, 5'jf5't / c;dfgtfsf ;d:ofnfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ g;]ssf] rflx+
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