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o;sf lgldQ ljleGg ljBfyL{ ;+u7g;+u 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 . cfufdL h]i7 !) ut]af6
xfdLn] d]rL–dxfsfnL z}lIfs gfsfaGbL sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}+ .
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5 . a}7ssf d'Vo–d'Vo lg0f{ox? s]–s] x'g\ <
b]zsf] ;aeGbf zlQmzfnL xfd|f]
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k'; @& ut]b]lv df3 ! ut];Dd dWoklZrdsf] bfªdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . gof“ Oltxf;
lgdf{0fsf] c;fWo} dxTjk"0f{ If0fdf $ lbg;Dd u/dfu/d ax;, 5nkmn /
cGtlqm{of;lxt ;DkGg lj:tfl/t a}7s cfkm}df lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ /x\of] . hLjgd/0fsf]
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/ k|ltlglw ;fyLx?sf] ljj]s / cfj]usf] ;+of]hg a]hf]8;“u cleJoQm x'“bf a}7ssf
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lj:tfl/t a}7sn] ;+u7gfTds hLjgdf
clgjfo{ cfjZos ljleGg b"/ufdL lg0f{ox? u/]sf] 5 . o;dWo] klg ;aeGbf
b"/ufdL lg0f{ox? rf/j6f 5g\ . klxnf] lg0f{o– ljrf/ lgdf{0f;“u ;DalGwt 5
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r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] ;Gbe{df xfd|f] a}7s cfof]lht x'“bf o;} ljifodf a9L ;do
vr{g' ;a} cy{df h?/L lyof] . k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgf ;kmntfk"j{s
sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;du| of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] 9f]sf vf]lng] cy{df–;“u}
nfvf}+ o'jf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+nUgtf lg0ff{os r/0fsf] o'4df s;/L ;'lglZrt ug{] eGg]
ljifodf xfdL a9L s]lGb|t eof}+ . nfvf}+ o'jf ljBfyL{sf] g]t[Tj gof“ ljrf/ /
gof“ ljrf/åf/f g]t[Tj ul/Psf] sfo{qmdn] dfq ug{ ;Sg] x'“bf ljrf/nfO{ gof“
prfOdf gp7fO{ k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf k"/f x'g g;Sg] jf k|Tofqmd0f k"/f
gx'“bf;Dd gof“ ljrf/ k|r08ky gof“ 7fp“df p7\g g;Sg] ;Tok|lt a}7ssf]
5nkmn a9L 3gLe"t eof] . olta]nf k|r08kysf] ;]jf ug{] / ljrf/nfO{ gof“
prfOdf ljsf; ug{] eg]sf] ;du| of]hgfdf xfd|f] ljzfn k+lQm b[9tfk"j{s
xfDkmfNg] / nlIft kl/0ffd xfl;n ul/5f8\g] eGg] g} xf] . To;sf/0f s]lGb|t ljrf/
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bf];|f] lg0f{o– ;+u7g;DaGwL 5 . xhf/f}+ ljBfyL{x? Ps}7fp“df s]lGb|t x'g]
lzIf0f ;+:yfleq}af6 g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sg] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf / lhDd]jf/L af“8kmf“8df
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dflyb]lv tn;Dd ljleGg ;+u7gfTds ;+hfn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . x/]s txsf g]t[Tj -s]Gb|Lo
;d]t_ lzIf0f ;+:yfdf clgjfo{ hf]l8g' kg{] / s'zntfk"j{s g]t[Tj lbg'kg{]
jt{dfgsf] cfjZostfsf] dd{cg'?k df]rf{ kl/jt{g ePsf ;fyLx?nfO{ s]Gb|af6 ljbfO{ ub{}
zxfbt k|fKt, a]kQf kfl/g' ePsf / s]Gb|af6 ljbfO ul/Psf ;fyLx?sf] 7fp“df gof“
;b:ox?sf] rog ul/Psf] 5 . z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb| 7"nf–7"nf zx/ /
Toxf“sf lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ agfP/ cl3 a9\g] gof“ k|lta4tfsf] of] lg0f{o xf] .
t];|f] lg0f{o– ;+3if{;DaGwL 5 . qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtdf klg c;fWo} dxŒjk"0f{
e"ldsf v]Ng] u/]sf] If]q lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] If]q ePsf] x'“bf k|ltqmflGt
lj?4 lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] If]qaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ qmflGtsfnd}
xfdL nfUg'kg{] 7x/;lxt b'lgof“ ltlNdnfpg] u/L o;;DaGwL dxŒjk"0f{ lg0f{o
lnOPsf] 5 . o;sf] :j?k lzIff lghLs/0f ;bfsf] lglDt cGTo g} olta]nfsf] xfd|f]
;+3if{sf] d'Vo Ph]08f ag]sf] 5 eg] ;du| k'/fgf] lzIff k|0ffnL;“u lg0ff{os ;DaGw
ljR5]b ub{} gof“ hgjfbL lzIff k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u / ljsf; ug{] lg0f{o a}7sn]
u/]sf] 5 . rf}yf] lg0f{o– ;'4Ls/0f;“u ;DalGwt 5 . qmflGt;“u} ljsf; x'g]
k|ltqmflGtsf/L lrGtg, k|j[lQ / cfr/0f lj?4 lgd{d 9+uaf6 n8\g / ljho xfl;n ug{
g;Sbf ljutdf y'k|} gsf/fTds lzIffx? k|fKt ePsf] 5 . To;}n] qmflGt;“u} ;f+:s[lts
?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ yfngL ug{] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .
JolQmjfbL c/fhstf / gf]s/zfxL sfo{z}nL lj?4 a}7sdf ;+u7gsf cWoIf / sfof{nosf
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eg] of] k|lqmofnfO{ clgjfo{ OsfO;Dd k'¥ofpg] of]hgf ag]sf] 5 . o;afx]s cGo
lgoldt lg0f{ox? h:t}– ;+o'Qm ;+3if{, ljleGg ljefusf] k'gu{7g, k|sfzg,
cfly{sh:tf clgjfo{ ljifox¿df lj:tfl/t a}7sn] dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o lnPsf] 5 .
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– xfd|f] ;+u7g clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
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sfof{Gjog x'“b}5, 7Ls oxL ljGb'df k"/} b]zaf6 lzIffdf ePsf] lghLs/0fsf]
cGTosf] nflu xfd|f] ;+u7gn] a[xt ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
lzIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ Jooef/ /
bfloTj Tof] b]zsf] ;/sf/n] lng' k5{ . lzIff / :jf:Yoh:tf] cToGt dxŒjk"0f{
Pj+ ;+j]bgzLn If]qnfO{ 7"nf–7"nf bnfn / Jofkf/Lx?sf] lhDdfdf ;'Dkg]
/ gfkmf sdfpg dfq xf]Og cfly{s b[li6af6 hgtfsf] aLrdf kvf{n v8f ug{ Pj+ 3f]lift
?kd} Pp6f ju{nfO{ zf]lift ug{] sfo{ s'g} klg sf/0faf6 :jfledfgL, Gofok|]dL /
k|hftGqjfbL ;+u7g jf gful/snfO{ dfGo x'g ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f ;a} gful/ssf lglDt
Pp6} lzIff gLlt / ;dfg cj;/ Pj+ ;/sf/L bfloTjleq clgjfo{ lgz'Ns -clxn] slDtdf
dfWolds tx_ h'g lzIff k|flKtkl5 b]z lgdf{0fsf vflt/ ljleGg If]q h:tf], s[lif, :jf:Yo,
lgdf{0f, snf, ;flxTo, ;}Go cflbdf ;+nUg x'gof]Uo hgzlQm pTkfbg xf];\ eGg] xfd|f]
dfGotf xf] . o;sf nflu cGoqsf] ah]6 s6f}tL d'VotM ;}Go If]qsf] u/]/ ;Dk"0f{
z}lIfs hut ;/sf/Ls/0f x'g'k5{ . cyjf lzIffdf lghLs/0fsf] cGTo geOsg o;n]
d"t{ ?k lng ;Sb}g .
z}lIfs If]qsf] dfq xf]Og, ;a}
If]qsf] g]t[Tj /fhgLlts ljrf/n] dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . b]zsf] /fHo;+/rgf s:tf] 5 ToxL
cfwf/df To; b]zsf] z}lIfs gLlt aGg] u5{ . /fhgLlts Joj:yf k|ltufdL lbzftkm{
lx8]sf] a]nf hlt;'s} 3;] klg Tof] b]zsf] lzIff k|0ffnL k|ultpGd'v 5 eg]/ s;}n]
ts{ u5{ eg] Tof]eGbf dxfd"v{ c? x'g ;Sb}g . olta]nf xfd|f] b]zdf ;fdGtjfbcGtu{t
zfxL kmfl;jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yf pN6f] lbzflt/ rnfOb} 5, of] qmd
nueu 9fO{ ;o jif{ rln;Sof] . o;} k[i7e"lddf xfdLn] xfd|f] lzIff If]qsf]
ljZn]if0f ug{' kb{5 . xfd|f] k'/fgf] lzIff k|0ffnLn] ;fdGtjfbsf] u'0fufg ufpg],
;fdGtsf gfOs]x? hf] b/af/df a:5g\ pgLx?sf] Oltxf; 3f]sfpg] / hgtf eg]sf ujf/ x'g\,
lognfO{ h] u/] klg x'G5 . hgtf g} Oltxf;sf jf:tljs lgdf{tf x'g\ eGg] dfGotfnfO{
k"0f{tM Go"gLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
c;dfg cj;/ / ;dfg k|lt:kwf{sf] /fhgLlt
;fdGtjfb -ax'bnjfbL eGg]x?n] klg_ n] u¥of] . o;f] ubf{ hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/L
k|lt:kwf{af6 kmflng] / pRr lzIff k|j]zaf6 k"0f{tM al~rt x'g] l:ylt agfOb}
nluof] . o;af6 lzIff clehft ju{sf] k]jf aGg k'Uof] . lzIffsf] lghLs/0faf6 ;fdGtjfbsf]
lj/f]w gug{] gSsnL lzIfs hdft agfpg] / o;}af6 cfºgf] /fhgLlts :jfy{k"lt{
ug{ k'/fgf] ;Qf / ;/sf/ nflu/x]sf] 5 . ha gful/sn] b]z stf hf“b}5, ljZj stf
hf“b}5 ;dfhsf] ljsf; s;/L of] r/0fdf cfOk'Uof] / ca ;dfhnfO{ s;/L cufl8 n}hfg]
eGg] lrGtf x'“b}g . p;n] c+u|]hL af]Nb}df, 7"nf7"nf lstfasf 7]nL k9\b}df
jf slyt k/LIffdf a9L gDa/ Nofp“b}df pm s'g} klg sf]0faf6 7"nf] aGg ;Sb}g
. To;sf/0f b]zsf] z}lIfs hut eg]sf] b]znfO{ stf n}hfg] / s;/L n}hfg] eGg] hgzlQm
pTkfbg ug{] ynf] klg ePsf] / of] dfGotfsf] k"0f{tM k|ltaGw -;}4flGts,
Jojxfl/s_ lzIffdf ePsf] lghLs/0fdfkm{t\ ul/Psf]n] xfd|f] ;+u7gn] o;}sf] cGTosf]
lg0f{o ug{ afWo eof}+ . k};f x'g]n] k9\g] / slyt k9]sfx?n] b]zsf] k|ultdf afwf
xfNg] Pj+ oyfl:yltsf] ;]jf ug{] h'g l:ylt 5 o;}sf] cGTosf] nflu g} xfd|f]
;+u7gn] of] lg0f{o u¥of] .
xfd|f] clei6tf lzIffdf ePsf]
lghLs/0fsf] cGTo ;“u;“u} a'h{'jf ;fdGtjfbL lzIff k|0ffnLsf] k"0f{tM Wj+;
u/]/ gof“ hgjfbL lzIff k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug{' xf] . To;}n] xfd|f] cleofg k'/fgf]
lzIff k|0ffnLsf] Wj+; k|lqmof;“u} olta]nf z}lIfs Jofkf/Ls/0f lj?4sf] lg0ff{os
cleofg klg xf] . of] cleofgn] lglZrt klg z}lIfs k;nx?df cfuf] ;Nsfp“b} Jofkf/Ls/0fsf]
cGTosf] g]t[Tj ug{]5 . h;–h;n] z}lIfs ljzfn ahf/x? rnfp“b} cfPsf 5g\ /
b]znfO{ sfd gnfUg] z}lIfs a]/f]huf/ pTkfbg ub{}5g\ logsf lj?4 ca klg dzfn ;NsfOPg
eg] b]z cem} a/afbL x'g] kSsf 5 . To;sf/0f lzIffdf ePsf] lghLs/0f ca xfdL b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+
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t/ ;/sf/L lzIf0f ;+:yfx? t emg\ c:tJo:t 5g\ . logLx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{]af/] s'g}
bafjd"ns of]hgf / sfo{qmd ag]sf 5}gg\ <
– ;/sf/L ljBfnob]lv
ljZjljBfno;Dd ;du| z}lIfs hut k"/} c:tJo:t 5 . ;+/If0f gkfP/ Pj+ ljBfyL{
cfsif{0f 36fOP/ ljZjljBfnosf sltko ljefux? lgl:qmo jf vf/]hLsf] tx;Dd k'¥ofOPsf]
5 . ljBfnox?n] ;/sf/L nufgL gkfP/ 9ln/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/ k|ToIf bfloTjaf6 kG5g]
u/L e6fe6 c:yfoL :jLs[lt lbg] jf :yfoL gug{], k"/f b/aGbL / ljifo lzIfssf]
Joj:yf gug{], ufp“df k9\g] t/ zx/df k/LIff -P;=Pn=;L=_ lbg hfg'kg{] lzIfsx?n]
hflu/ dfq vfg] 9+uaf6 k9fPsf] h:tf] ug{], ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] gfddf cfºgf
ef6x? etL{ ug{], kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsnfO{ 5l/tf], j}1flgs / ;Lkd"ns slxNo}
gagfO{ 3f]sfpg] / k/LIff plt0f{ x'g] dfq pkfo l;sfpg], lzIffdf j}b]lzs x:tIf]k
lg/Gt/ cfoft ul/Psf] 5, o;}sf] kl5Nnf] s8L ljBfno ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{] eGb}
csf{] 9+uaf6 ;/sf/ bfloTjaf6 kG5b} 5, cfºgf sd{rf/L ufp“ufp“ k'¥ofpg]
p2]ZoeGbf cGo p2]Zo g/fvL lh=lz=sf=n] cf/=kL= v6fO/x]sf] 5 cflb OToflb
lj;+ultx?n] ubf{ ;/sf/L lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] xfnt a]xfn ePsf] 5 . o;sf lj?4 hfg] /
slDtdf ljBfyL{, cleefjs / lzIfsx?nfO{ hfu[t ug{] xfd|f] of]hgf ag]sf] 5 . c:yfoL
ljBfnonfO{ :yfoL :jLs[lt u/fpg', ljifocg';f/ b/aGbL Joj:yf ug{ P;=Pn=;L= k/LIff
s]Gb| aflx/ lj:tf/ ug{ hgkl/rfng;lxtsf] bafjsf sfo{qmdx? x/]s ljBfno / lhNnfx?n]
ug{] h;af6 dGqfno / lh=lz=sf= af]Ng afWo xf];\ . ljBfnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ a[l4
ug{sf nflu x/]s lhNnfn] ljBfno lg/LIf0f 6f]nL agfP/ sfdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] of]hgf
ag]sf] 5 . cgfjZos kf7\ok':ts / kf7 zLif{s vf/]h u/]/ hfg], ljBfno ;d'bfonfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug{] ;/sf/L gLlt k"0f{tM vf/]h ug{] / x:tfGt/0f eO;s]sf]nfO{
lkmtf{ k7fpg], cfºg} b/aGbL ePsf] ljBfnodf k9fpg] u/L cf/=kL=sf] vf/]hL ug{],
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt y|LOg jfgsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ agfpg] of]hgf;lxt cufl8 a9\g] ;+u7gsf]
sfo{qmd 5 .
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a]kQf kfl/Psf ;+u7gsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf af/]df s] lg0f{o ug{' eof] t <
– lglZrt klg ;+u7g of] ljifodf
cToGt} uDeL/ ag]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo g]t[Tj -tTsfnLg jf
e"=k"=_ txaf6 clxn];Dd %) hgf ;fyLx?sf] xTof jf a]kQf eO;s]sf] l:ylt 5
. of] qmd cem} a9]/ hfg] clgjfo{ ;Defjgf klg xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . a]kQf kfl/Psf
xfd|f g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug{] ljifodf ljutdf 7"n7"nf
;+3if{ klg rnfOPsf x'g\ . ;/sf/ af]Ng afWo eof] / vf]hL ug{] / ;fj{hlgs ug{] ;xdlt
klg xfdL;“u eof] . t/ a]Odfg ;Qfn] s'g} OdfGbf/Ltf b]vfPg . clxn];Ddsf] xfd|f]
d"Nof+sg, ;/sf/ 7"nf] bjfjdf 5pGh]n af]N5, of] cnL sd ePkl5 sfgdf t]n
xfn]/ a:g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lu/ºtf/Lkl5 xTof jf a]kQf kfg{] cToGt} aa{/ sfo{
h;/L ;/sf/n] ub{} 5 casf lbgdf o;nfO{ xfd|f] txaf6 Pj+ kf6L{ txaf6 klg ;+3if{sf]
d'Vo Ph]08f agfP/ hfg'k5{ eGg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . To;}n] cfufdL of]hgf klg oxL
dd{cg';f/ ag]sf] 5 . ;fy} a]kQfsf] qmd a9\b} hf“bf Pp6f ;+u7gfTds lg0f{o klg
lng' kg{] afWotfdf ;+u7g k'Uof] . To;}n] dflyNnf] sfo{sfndf a]kQf kfl/g' ePsf
dxf;lrj k"0f{ kf]8]nnufot !) hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?nfO{ ljbfO ul/of] eg] To; :yfgdf
gof“ ;fyLx? NofOPsf] 5 . of] sfo{qmddf a]kQf kfl/g' ePsf dxf;lrj lxdfn zdf{nfO{
s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] lhDdf lb+b} pQm :yfgdf pkfWoIf dx]Gb| >]i7nfO{ NofOPsf] 5 .
)
hgo'4sf qmddf b]zsf] ljzfn u|fdL0f e"efudf cfwf/ If]qx? ag]sf 5g\ .
Toxf“sf] z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] :j?k s:tf] x'G5 atfOlbg' xf];\ g <
– ljzfn u|fdL0f e"efuaf6
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;a} cjojx? k"0f{tM Wj+; ePsf 5g\ . t/ z}lIfs hut oyfjt 5 .
lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] If]qn] qmflGtdf / k|ltqmflGtdf klg c;FWo} l56f] /
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] u/]sf] Oltxf; xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f
xfd|f cfwf/ IF]qx?af6 k'/fgf] lzIff k|0ffnLsf] Wj+; / gof“ lzIff k|0ffnLsf]
k|of]u / ljsf; ug{df ca clnslt klg l9nfO{ ug{ gx'g] l:yltdf xfdL cfOk'u]sf 5f}+
. ca k'/fgf] ;Qfsf sd{rf/L -lzIfsx?_ n] k'/fg} ;Qfsf] tna vfP/ k'/fg} lzIff gof“
;Qf rn]sf] 7fp“df Toxf“sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9fpg] k|lqmofsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ eGg]
xfd|f] lgisif{ xf] . gof“ / k'/fgf]sf] aLrdf Pp6f lsQfaGbL ub{} ;DaGw
ljR5]bsf] l:yltaf6 xfd|f] z}lIfs cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ . lzIfsx? ptf hf“bf
pt}sf] otf cfpbf ot}sf] x'g] l:yltsf] klg ca cGTo x'g'k5{ . o;sf] ljsNkdf ca gof“
hgjfbL lzIff k|0ffnLsf] Jofks /fhgLlts e"ld tof/ ePsf] 5 . ljleGg lhNnfx?df
gd"gf hgjfbL ljBfnox? / k"0f{ ====== ljBfnox? ;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . gof“
;QfcGtu{t lqmofzLn z}lIfs ljefun] kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0f ug{] sfddf
nfu]sf] 5 / xfd|f] ;+u7g klg To;df ;+nUg 5 . ca cfwf/ If]qsf] ;Dk"0f{
z}lIfs bfloTj gof“ ;Qfn] lng' k5{ / ;Sg] l:yltdf klg 5 eGg] cy{df sfo{qmdx?
ag]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] of]hgfeGbf kf7\oqmd kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0fdf ;+u7gfTds ;+nUgtf,
ljBfnodf cfjZos hgzlQm s]lGb|t ug{], cfºg} kxndf hg;fIf/tf cleofg rnfpg] Pj+
hgjfbL lzIffsf] k|of]u / ljsf;df k"/} nfUg] u/L cfwf/OnfsLo sfo{of]hgf
ag]sf] 5 . km]l/ klg z}lIfs cfGbf]ng ;du| ju{;+3if{sf] Pp6f kf6f] ePsf]n] ;du|
cfGbf]ngleq}af6 o;sf] k|of]u ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] of]hgf agfpg' kg{] jf:tljstf ljkl/t
xfdL hfg ;Sb}gf}+ .
)
g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng b]zelQm / k|hftGqsf] cfGbf]ng klg xf] . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL
x:tIf]k To;}sf] cf8df hgtfdfly zfxL clwgfosTj nfb\g] kmfl;jfb lj?4 s;/L cfGbf]ng
rnfp“b} x'g'x'G5 <
– g]kfnL jfdkGyL ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ngn] k|hftGq / /fli6«otfnfO{ Pp6} l;Ssfsf] b'O{ kf6f]sf] ?kdf a'‰b}
;+3if{ rnfpb} cfPsf] 5 . k|hftGq;“u cnu ul/Psf] /fli6«otf / /fli6«otf;“u
cnu ul/Psf] k|hftGqsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . oL b'O{ lrh Ps–csf{sf k'/s eP/ dfq cufl8
a9\g ;S5g\ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . t/ ;fdGtjfbn] slyt /fli6«otfsf] ;+/Ifssf]
gfddf k|hftGqsf] xTof ug{] / ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] k|hftGqsf] gfddf /fli6«otfnfO{ af/Daf/
aGws /fVg] ck/fwk"0f{ sfo{ ub{}
cfPsf 5g\ . /fli6«otf;“u k|hftGq Pj+ k|hftGq;“u /fli6«otfnfO{ 5'6\ofP/
a'‰g] unt k|j[lQ lj?4 xfd|f] ;+u7g 5 .
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / ;fdGtjfbL tŒjx?
lj?4 jfdkGyL ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] ljutdf 7"nf7"nf ;+3if{ rnfp“b} /
sltko ;Gbe{df em'sfp“b} klg cfPsf 5g\ . oxL lj/f;taf6 cfPsf] xfd|f] ;+u7g xf]
. olta]nf lj:tf/jfb zfxL kmfl;jfbnfO{ ;}Go ;xof]u / cGo ljleGg gfddf xfd|f]
/fli6«otf / ;fj{ef}ldstfdfly cfqmd0f ub{} cfPsf] 5 eg] zfxL kmfl;jfbn] lj:tf/jfbsf]
v'nf u'nfdL ub{} hgtf dfg{] cleofg rnfp“b}5 . o;sf lj?4 Psflt/ hgo'4df ;+nUg
eP/ k|lt/f]w ug{ h?/L 5 eg] csf{]lt/ xfd|} ana'tf / If]qaf6 To;sf] k|lt/f]w ug{
klg h?/L x'G5 . To;}n] z}lIfs hutaf6 zfxL kmfl;jfbnfO{ af/Daf/ / nuftf/ cfqmd0f
ug{] / p;nfO{ xfonsfon agfpg] of]hgf ag]sf] 5 . csf{]lt/ /fli6«otf arfpgsf
lglDt ljBfyL{, lzIfs / cleefjs ldn]/ ;'?ª vGg] / Toxf“af6} k|lt/f]w ug{]
;+u7gnfO{ h'emf? agfpg] / k|lt/f]w ug{] of]hgf klg ag]sf] 5 . d'VotM hgo'4n]
lgdf{0f u/]sf] ljzfn zlQm;“u Psfsf/ x'“b} To;}leqaf6 xfd|f] lx:;f k"/f
ug{] 9+uaf6 g} ;f]Rbf a9L j:t'jfbL Pj+ kl/0ffdd'vL aGg ;S5 eGg] nfU5 .
)
df3 !( sf] zfxL …s'Úkl5sf] l:yltnfO{ s;/L x]g{' ePsf] 5 / To;sf] k|ltjfbsf]
k|s[lt s:tf] x'G5 xf]nf <
– df3 !( sf] zfxL …s"Ú
s'g} cgk]lIft / PSsf;L 36]sf] 36gf xf]Og . o;nfO{ h]7 !(, @)%*, c;f]h !*, )%( s}
hf/L t/ dflyNnf] ?k dfq xf] . To; …s"Ú k5fl8 ;+rf/dflysf]
zq"tfk"0f{ cfqmd0f, k|sfzg / k|;f/0fdf nufOPsf] ;]G;/l;k, /fhg]tfx?nfO{
3/3/d} ul/Psf] gh/aGbL, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / xfd|f] ;+u7gnfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] cf/f]k
nufp“b} k|ltaGwsf] l:yltn] lglZrt ?kdf gof“ 9+uaf6 ;f]Rg' kg{] g} x'G5 . of]
l:ylt xfdLn] ljutdf ub{} cfPsf] ljZn]if0fcg';f/} xf] / To;}sf] r/d ?k dfq} zfxL
kmfl;jfbn] df3 !( dfkm{t\ aflx/ Nofof] . o;n] b]zdf b]lvg] u/]sf] tLg w'|jLo
zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ b'O{ w'|jdf NofOlbg] j:t'ut jftfj/0f tof/ ul/lbPsf] 5 .
cfd"n kl/jt{gufdL o'jf
ljBfyL{x?n] zfxL kmfl;jfb / p;sf] slyt 3f]if0ffsf] k|lt/f]wdf gf/f–h'n'z / dfq
zflGtk"0f{ Pj+ j}wflgs ;+3if{sf] dfWodaf6 hfg' eg]sf] clvnsf] lj/f;t xf]Og
. To;sf/0f zfxL 3f]if0ff lj?4 ef}lts ?kd} k|lt/f]w ug{] u/L xfd|f] ef}lts
cleJolQm lbof}+ . ca zfxL kl/jf/sf gfddf gfdf+sg u/L rnfOPsf z}lIfs ;+:yfh:t} lq=lj=lj=,
d=;+=lj=lj=, k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; cflb ;a} lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] gfd km]g{] cleofg
rnfp“b} 5f}+ . csf{]lt/ zfxL kmfl;jfb / 3f]if0ff lj?4 dfcf]jfbLnufot cGo
kf6L{n] ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{qmddf ;lqmo ?kdf ;xefuL aGg] xfd|f] of]hgf klg 5 . ca
xfdL z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] h'g of]hgf ag]sf] 5 To;;“u zfxL …s"Ú lj?4
n8\g] of]hgf klg agfOPsf] 5 .
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dflysf dfldnfx?df cGo ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?;“u klg ldn]/ ;+3if{df hfg ;lsb}g / <
;+o'Qm ;+3if{af/] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] cjwf/0ff s] xf] <
– ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;DaGwdf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
sf] :ki6 wf/0ff 5 / :ki6;“u /fVb} klg cfPsf] 5 . t/ cGo ;+u7gx?;“u ;+o'Qm
;+3if{ ;DaGwdf /x]sf] oyfl:yltjfbL lrGtg k|j[lQ 5g\ h;n] ljifosf] uDeL/tf / kl/jlt{t
kl/l:yltsf] 7Ls d"Nof+sg ug{ / cjwf/0ff aGg lb+b}g . xfd|f] egfO k|hftGqsf
lglDt cyjf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lglDt cyjf lzIffdf ePsf] lghLs/0f lj?4 jf cGo
s'g} k|ultpGd'v gf/fdf Pstfa4 eP/ hfg lxhf]sf] cfu|x, k"jf{u|x / cljZjf;af6
dfly p7fpg' k5{ eGg] xf] . o;sf nflu clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ n] ug{'kg{] e"ldsfdf
s'g} s;/ af“sL /fVg] 5}g . xfd|f] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lj:tfl/t a}7sn] ;+o'Qm
ljBfyL{ ;+3if{ ;DaGwdf uDeL/tfk"j{s 5nkmn u¥of] / ;+o'Qm ;+3if{sf nflu
xfd|f] tkm{af6 Ph]08f aflx/ NofPsf] 5 . h:tf] /fhgLlts ?kdf /fhtGq lj?4 jf
u0ftGqsf] kIfdf / z}lIfs ?kn] lzIffdf ePsf] lghLs/0f lj?4 ;+3if{ eGg] Ph]08f
cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . oBlk ;a} ;+u7gx?n] v'§f bx|f];“u 6]s]sf] l:ylt 5}g . t/ klg
xfd|f] tkm{af6 clwstd kxn ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;DaGwdf ul//x]s} 5 . oxL efjcg';f/ s'/fx?
cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . t/ km]l/ zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 l:ylt cem} uDeL/ ePsf] 5 / uDeL/tfk"j{s
5nkmn x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . To;}n] xfd|f] tkm{af6 zfxL …s"Ú lj?4 o;/L ;+o'Qm
?kdf cfp eg]/ k|:tfj k7fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . xfdL ck]Iff u5f{}+ k|hftGqsf lglDt,
Gofo / :jtGqtfsf lglDt Pj+ lzIffdf ePsf] lghLs/0f lj?4 ;+o'Qm ljBfyL{ ;+3if{
p7\g] 5 / zfxL 3f]if0ff k"0f{tM k/flht x'g]5 .
)
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] ;+u7gfTds cj:yf xfn s:tf] 5 < ;+u7g;DaGwL gof“
of]hgfaf/] atfOlbg';\ g <
– ut jif{ ;DkGg ;+u7gsf]
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;lrjfno a}7sn] ;+u7g;DaGwL h'g ^ dlxg] cleofg -sdn kl;Gb| ;+u7g
lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f cleofg_ rnfof], To;n] ;+u7gnfO{ b]zJofkL ?kdf x\jfQ} dfly
p7fof] . Ps} lbgdf xhf/f}+ ;+u7g ag], ;of}+ k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ lgl:sP /
b]zleq dfq} xf]Og ljb]zdf ;d]t o;sf] t/¨ k'Uof] . To;kl5 ;+u7g, ;+u7g agfpg
g;Sg] ;d:ofaf6 dfly p7\of] t/ lgoldt kl/rfngsf] ;d:ofdf 5f}+ . oBlk d'Vo zx/df
xfdL k"0f{tM e"ldut eP/ sfd ug{ afWo 5f}+ . ljutsf] oxL kl/0ffd /
lzIffaf6 l;Sb} cfufdL lbgsf nflu klxnf] ;'b[9 / bf];|f] lj:tf/ x'g] u/L zxfbt
k|fKt s]Gb|Lo ;b:o a}s'07 kf]v/]nsf] ;Ddfgdf a}s'07 :d[lt ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf
lj:tf/ cleofg ;+rfngsf] of]hgf ag]sf] 5 . cleofgsf p2]Zo / ljlw klg lglZrt u/L
tNnf ;ldltx?df k7fO;lsPsf] 5 . xfdL;“u df}h'bf !@ nfv ;fwf/0f ;b:o, !) xhf/
;+u7g ;+Vof / % xhf/ k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ 5g\ . of] ;+/rgfnfO{ u'0fdf p7fpg]
/ cfjZostf kbf{ Hofg kmfn]/ k|lt/f]w ;+3if{df xfDkmfNg ;Sg] u/L ljrf/sf] ljsf;
u/fpg] ;“u;“u} ;+u7g lj:tf/ klg ul/g' kg{] xfdLn] b]Vof}+ . zx/ ahf/df ljljw
ljlwsf] ljsf; ub{} sfdnfO{ 3gLe"t / ;+u7gsf] hfnf] Jofks agfpg] ;+u7gfTds
of]hgf klg ag]sf] 5 .
)
;+u7gaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] nflu s] s:tf] j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts / ef}lts lqmofzLntfsf]
ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 <
– k|Tofqmd0f eGg] ljlQs} Pp6f
kIf jf Pp6f ljifodf dfq k|Tofqmd0f eGg] a'lemof] eg] unt x'G5 . x/]s ljifo /
If]qdf k|Tofqmd0f xf] / x'g' clgjfo{ h?/L 5 . ljrf/df k|Tofqmd0f, ;+u7gdf
k|Tofqmd0f, of]hgfdf k|Tofqmd0f, ;+3if{df k|Tofqmd0f cyjf o'4df k|Tofqmd0f,
df]rf{ ;+u7gx?df k|Tofqmd0f, ha;x?df k|Tofqmd0f, ;+:s[ltdf k|Tofqmd0f, lzIffdf
k|Tofqmd0f cflb Jofks cy{df o;nfO{ a'‰g h?/L x'G5 . hgo'4sf] /0fgLlts
k|Tofqmd0f ;“u;“u} df]rf{ / ha;sf of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf k|Tofqmd0f jf ;a}
cjojx?nfO{ Pp6} /ºtf/df p7fpg ;lsPg eg] ;du| k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kg{
hfG5 .
ljrf/sf lx;fan] g]kfnsf] qmflGt ;DkGg
ub{} ljZjqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug{] x}l;otdf xfdL p7\g' kg{] 5 . ljrf/df ljsf; geOsg
cGo kIfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f ljrf/ k|r08kynfO{ ;du| ljsf;
ug{sf nflu Oltxf;sf] ulx/f] cWoog, b'O{ nfOg;+3if{sf] cg'ejsf] cWoog Pj+ ag]sf]
of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/L ;xL kl/0ffd lgsfNg' kg{] 9+uaf6 xfd|f] k+lQm nfUg'kg{]
b]lvG5 . /fhgLlts 9+uaf6 unt ljrf/, sfo{lbzf, k|j[lQ / lrGtgsf] ljZn]if0f u/L
To;sf lj?4 lg0ff{os ;+3if{ ;+rfng ug{] Pj+ ;xL ljrf/ sfo{lbzf, k|j[lQ / lrGtgsf]
kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s pleg] l8p6L xfd|f] x'g' k5{ . 7Ls–a]7Ls, qmflGtsf/L / cj;/jfbL
ljrf/ / of]hgfnfO{ ;}4flGts 9+uaf6 k[ysLs/0f ug{ ;lsPg eg] xfd|f] tkm{af6
a]7Lssf] cyjf cj;/jfbsf] ;]jf x'g] vt/f klg /xG5 . To;sf/0f ef}lts lqmofzLntf
s'g ljrf/ / sfo{lbzfsf] ;]jfsf] lglDt eGg] k|Zgsf] /fd|f];“u kf/v ug{ ;Sg]
vfnsf] ;+u7g / ;b:ox?sf] j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts :t/ p7fpg' k5{ . o;sf] cy{ qmflGtsf/L
ljrf/ / sfo{lbzfsf] ;]jfsf nflu dl/d]6]/ v6\g] ljzfn k+lQm lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L 5 .
ljrf/n] ;a}nfO{ lgNg] eGg] ljlQs} xfdLdf /fhgLlts ;+:sf/, z}nL, :jefj Psbd} kl/kSj,
eb| zfnLg / ;a}n] dfGg] vfnaf6 ljsf; ug{ ;Sg' k5{ gq 7f8f], v;|f] / ckl/kSj /fhgLlts
Jojxf/ / ;+:sf/n] b'Zdgsf] 3]/f ;f“3'/f] / hgtfsf] 3]/f km/flsnf] agfpg ;lsb}g
.
)
cGTodf hgfb]zdfkm{t s]xL /flvlbg' x'G5 ls <
– xfdL Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf] cToGt}
dxŒjk"0f{ If0fdf plePsf 5f}+
. gof“ Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf] o'4 clGtd / lg0ff{os r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] a]nf zfxL
kmfl;jfb klg lg0ff{os o'4sf] 3f]if0ff ub{} cl3 a9]sf] 5 . o;a]nf lhTg] o'4 n8\g]x?n]
cToGt} uDeL/ / ;+j]bgzLn eP/ b'Zdgsf] 3]/f s;/L ;f“3'/f] agfpg] / xfd|f] 3]/f
s;/L km/flsnf] agfpg] eGg]df clwstd s]lGb|t x'g' k5{ . xfd|f] If]q lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf]
If]q ePsf]n] o; If]qaf6 k|Tofqmd0f ub{} b'ZdgnfO{ 6'qmf6'qmf kfg{] of]hgf ag]sf]
5 . o;nfO{ cf–cfºgf] 7fp“df l;h{gfTds 9+un] sfof{Gjog ub{} ;du|
k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;]jfdf ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] nfuf}+ . cK7\of/f] t 5 / c;Dej 5}g .