n]vx?
nId0f
kGt
æd]/f] dt 5, hxf“;Dd ;DaGw 5,
olb s'g} JolQm /fhgLlts bn, ;]gf jf :s"ndfly zq'åf/f k|xf/ ul/Gg eg] of]
g/fd|f] s'/f xf], lsgeg] ta o;sf] cy{ lglZrt ?kdf of] x'g]5 ls xfdL zq';“u}
kmf]xf]/df v]Ng nfu]sf 5f}+ . olb zq'åf/f xfdLdfly k|xf/ ul/G5 eg] of] /fd|f]
s'/f xf] lsgls o;af6 of] ;flat x'G5 ls xfdLn] cfkm" / zq'sf aLr :ki6 ljefhg
/]vf sf]/]sf 5f}+ . olb zq'n] xfdLnfO{ pGdfbk"j{s k|xf/ ub{5 tyf xfdLnfO{
;/f;/ v/fa ?kdf tyf b'u{'0fLsf ?kdf k]z ub{5 eg] of] emg} /fd|f] s'/f xf] lsgeg]
o;af6 of] :ki6 x'G5 ls xfdLn] cfkm\gf] / zq'sf aLrdf Pp6f :ki6 ljefhg /]vf dfq
sf]/]sf 5}gf}+, xfdLn] cfkm\gf] sfddf w]/} ;kmntf xfl;n ul/;s]sf 5f}+ .Æ — s
dfcf]
ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf dxfg g]tf s=
dfcf]sf] pSt ;'k|l;4 plQmn] oltv]/ g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{ / To;sf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglw
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lj?4 /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k|ltlqmofjfbL, ;+zf]wgjfbL /
gj;+zfwgjfbL hdftåf/f kf6L{leqsf] hgtGq / JolStk"hfsf slyt ;jfnnfO{ lnP/
ul/Psf] ;fd"lxs cfqmd0fsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ ;l6s ?kdf k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ .
k'/fgf] ;Qf / ;"o{sf] jl/kl/ ljleGg pku|xx?n] rSs/ nufP h:t} ljut !%
jif{;Dd To;sf] jl/kl/ rSs/ nufO/x]sf ljleGg bnx?sf] c;kmntf / dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]
;kmntfnfO{ o; cfqmd0fn] cem k'li6 ul/lbPsf] 5 . oltv]/ dfcf]n] eGg'eP h:t}
hg;]gf / /fhgLlts bndfly dfq xf]Og JolSt ljz]ifdfly ;d]t cfqmd0f s]lGb|t ul/Psf]
5 . of] k|xf/ dfcf]n] eGg'eP h:t} pGdfbk"0f{ 5 . of] k|xf/ dfcf]n] eGg'eP
h:t} s'g} JolStnfO{ cyf{t dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] ;jf{]Rr g]t[TjnfO{ ;/f;/ v/fa JolSt
jf b'u'{0fLsf ?kdf k|:t't u/]/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 s] k|i6 x'G5 eg] dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] sfddf w]/} ;kmntf xfl;n ul/;s]sf] 5 . o'ufGtf/L hgo'4 / To;sf]
s'zntfk"j{s g]t[Tj ub{} cfO/x]sf] g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ / To;sf] g]t[Tjk|lt
ul/Psf] k|xf/n] jf:tjdf s] O+lut ub{5 eg] cfh ;+;f/sf ;fd|fHojfbLx? / pgLx?af6
lgolGqt / lgb{]lzt d'n'ssf] k'/fgf] ;Qf qmflGtaf6 cft+lst ag]sf] 5 . pgfO;f}+
ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ o'/f]ksf ljleGg k"“hLjfbL d'n'sxdf hxf“ hgtfn] ;fdGtjfbnfO{
k/f:t u/L k"“hLjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg u/]sf lyP –:jo+ bdgsf/L
k"“hLjfbL Joj:yf lj?4 qmflGtsf/L dhb'/ ju{n] ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] em08f p7fpg
yfn]sf lyP . o;}qmddf dhb'/ju{sf] qmflGtsf/L bz{gn] dfS;{jfbsf] hu a;fn]sf] lyof]
. k"“hLklt ju{ dhb'/ ju{sf] ljrf/wf/f / ;+3if{af6 cflQPsf] lyof], cft+lst
ag]sf] lyof] . To;}n] p;n] ;dfhjfbL ljrf/wf/f / To;sf g]tfx? lj?4 Ps:j/n] lgGbf
/ cfqmd0fsf] af9L NofPsf] lyof] . t/, klg dhb'/ juL{o j}1flgs ljrf/wf/f
dfS;{jfbn] l;+uf] o'/f]k / ;+;f/el/ nf]slk|otf xfl;n ub{} uof] . ljho aGb} uof]
. csf{]lt/, ;dsfnLg k"“hLjfbL zf;sju{ eg] dfS;{jfbL ljrf/af6 cft+lst /
cfqmfGt ag]sf] lyof] . 7Ls o;} j:t'ut cj:yfsf] ;l6s lrq0f ub{} !*$* df hf/L
P]ltxfl;s sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|f/Ded} dfS;{–P+u]N;n] cfkm\gf a]hf]8 egfO{x?
o;/L c+lst ug{' ePsf] 5M
æo'/f]k Pp6f e"tåf/f
cft+lst eO/x]sf] 5—Tof] xf] sDo'lgHdsf] e"t . kf]k / hf/, d]6lg{s /
Uo"h6, k|mf+;]nL qmflGtsf/Lx? / hd{g k'ln; hf;';x?–k'/fgf] o'/f]ksf oL
;a} zlStx? o; e"tnfO{ eufpg kljq ;f“7uf“7df nfu]sf 5g\ . Æ
cfh d'n'ssf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfosx?
h:n] cfkm"df g]kfnsf] ;gftg zf;s aGg] O{Zj/Lo clwsf/ (Divine
Right) cGtlg{lxt /x]sf] 3f]if0ff ub{} cfO/x]sf
5g\ —sf] lsQfb]lv lnP/ g]kfndf cfkm"ljgf qmflGt ;+ej 5}g eGg]
gj;+zf]wgjfbLx?;d]t dfcf]jfbL kf6l{, hgo'4, hg;]gf / ljz]ifu/L To;sf] g]t[TjnfO{
cxf]/fq ;Qf];/f]k ug{ Psh'6 ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] lsg ePsf] 5 eg] ;dsfnLg o'/f]kLo
k"“hLjfbL ;Qfwf/Lx?nfO{ sDo'lgHdsf] e"tn] ;tfP h:t} pgLx?nfO{ cfh
dfcf]jfbLsf] e"tn] ;tfO/x]sf] 5 .
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq hgtGq gx'g],
tfgfzfxL / JolStk"hfjfbL lrGtg xfjL x'g] eGg] cf/f]kx? s'g} gf}nf cf/f]kx?
xf]Ogg\ . ;j{yf jf;L / k'/fgf cf/f]kx? x'g\ h;sf] ;fdgf Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg;Ddsf ;Rrf
sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ub{} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ g]tf
dfS;{dfly c/fhstfjfbL jfs'lgg, k|'wf]+ nufot Toltv]/sf k"“hLjfbL zf;sju{n]
nufpg] u/]sf] cf/f]k, k|yd af]Nz]les ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf gfos n]lggdfly ag{:6Lg, 6«f6:sL
/ sfpTsLx? / k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] nufpg] u/]sf] cf/f]k, k|yd zlStzfnL ;dfhjfbL
lgdf{0fsf lzNkL :6flngdfly ;+;f/sf hgtfsf] k|yd zq' cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] :j/df
:j/ ldnfpb} u4f/ 6«f6:sL / ;+zf]wgjfbL v'|Zr]en] nufpg] u/]sf] JolStk"hfsf]
cf/f]k jf cw{;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs b]zdf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL
o'ufGtsf/L qmflGt / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug{] dfcf] lj?4 ?;L
rLgL ;+zf]wgjfbLx?;lxt tdfd ;fd|fHojfbL 8f+sfx?n] nufpg] u/]sf cf/f]kx? o;}
sf]6Ldf kb{5g\ . jt{dfgdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{, hg;]gf / g]t[Tjk|lt nufOPsf cf/f]kx?
ltg} k'/fgf cf/f]kx?sf gof“ ;+:s/0fdfq x'g\ . cToGt gLr, skf]nslNkt, cfwf/xLg
/ em'§f oL cf/f]kx? s= k|r08sf] zAbdf eGbf kfgLsf] kmf]Ssf h:t} lanfpg] lglZrt
5 .
;fdfHojfbL zlStx?n] k|bfg ub{}
cfPsf] ;+hLjgL a'6Ln] dfq clxn];Dd cfkm\gf] hLjg wflg/x]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf / To;sf]
jl/kl/ rSs/ nufO/xg] ljleGg k|ltlqmofjfbL, ;+zf]wgjfbL / gj;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] h;/L
g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{ / To;sf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglw g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_df km'6sf] ;kgf
b]lv/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] Tof] ;kgf slxNo} ;fsf/ x'g] 5}g . a? jf:tljstf t To:sf]
pN6f] 5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL lsQf, ;+zf]wgjfbL / gj;+zf]wgjfbL lsQfdf 6'6km'6 ljv08g
/ lg/fz 5 . qmflGtsf/L lsQf pT;fx / cfzfn] kl/k"0f{ 5 . km"6sf] ;kgf
b]Vg] ltg} hdft x'g\ . h;n] g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] afNosfnd} 3f6L lgdf]7\gdf nflu
kl5Nnf ;f“9] gf} jif{df slyt /f]ldof] ck/]zg, lsnf] z]/f ck/]zg rnfP . lsgeg]
pgLx?sf] gh/df dfcf]jfbL cft+ssf/L x'g\, k|hftGqsf zq'x? x'g\ . lsgeg] pgLx?sf]
;f]rfOdf cft+sjfbnfO{ lgd{'n kf/]/ dfq zflGt, ;'/Iff, ljsf; / k|hftGqnfO{ lbuf]
agfpg ;lsG5 . Toltdfq xf]Og dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ g]:tgfa'b kfg{ b'O{ b'O{ k6s l;+uf]
hdft Psh'6 eP/ ;+s6sfn nufOof] . lsgeg] pgLx?sf] r]tgf cg';f/ of] dfq dfcf]jfbL
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] Psdfq pkfo lyof] . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ :d/0f 5 ls of] ToxL hdft
xf] h;n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljut Ps bzsb]lv lg/Gt/ nfvf} k6s ;d:ofsf] ?kdf lrlqt ug{]
u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] gfp“df cfkm\gf ;fd|fHojfbL k|e'af6 c/jf}+sf]
cg'bfg / xltof/ k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . of] ToxL ju{ xf] h;n] dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ ;d:ofsf]
kf]sf] / cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGq / ljsf;sf] d"n km'6fpg], /f]s ef]s / u/LjL
x6fpg], /fli6«otfnfO{ cIf'0o /fVg] cnfpb\bLgsf] lr/fusf ?kdf k|:t't ug{] u/]sf]
5 . dfcf]jfbLleq hgtGqsf] xgg eof] eg]/ h;/L 5ftL lk6\g] sfd ePsf] 5,
dfcf]jfbLleq tfgfzfxL xfjL eof] jf JolSt k"hfjfbL lrGtg xfjL eof] eg]/ h;/L
uf]xLsf cf“z' v;flnPsf] 5 Tof] a8f] ljlrqsf] s/f xf], cfkm}df cGt/lj/f]wk"0f{
s'/f xf] . lsgeg] dfcf]jfbLleq emu8f a9\of], ljv08g x'g yfNof], hgjfbsf] xgg x'g
yfNof] jf JolStk"hfjfbL lrGtg x'g yfNof] eg]/ elgg] u/]sf] s'/f kTofpg] xf]
eg] lglZrt 5 qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ zlStzfnL ;fd|fojfb;“u d'sfljnf ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 /
;fd|fHojfbsf] ljho x'G5 . olb s'/f oxL g} xf] eg] 5ftL lk6\g' jf uf]xLsf cf“z'
v;fNg' ljlrqsf] s'/f ePg / † a? s'rf]n] ug{'kg{] sfd jtf;n] u¥of] eg]/ ljho
pT;j dgfOg' kg{] † t/ s'/f] cs{} 5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng ;dfKt
kfg{ d"ntM tLgj6f /0fgLltx? k|of]u ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . klxnf] xf] ;o hgf a]s;'/
dfl/pg t/ Pp6f sDo'lgi6 garf];\ cyf{t qmflGtsf/L hgtf g]tf sfo{stf{ ufp“ j:tL
jf b]zdf Jofs g/;+xf/ ug{' . bf];|f] xf] qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] ;jf{]Rr g]t[TjnfO{ cfkm\gf]
sAhfdf lng' / t];|f] xf] km'6fp / /fh u/ e|d 5/ / ;vfk kf/sf] kmd'{nfnfO{ k|of]u
ug{' . kl5Nnf b'O{ kmd{'nfsf ;fy} oltv]/ d'n'ssf] zfxL ;}Go kmf;LjfbL ;Qfn]
sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx? lj?4 Oltxf;df k|of]u ul/Psf] / c;kmn eO;s]sf] clGtd / jf;L
kmd{'nfnfO{ cfhdfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] of] u'?of]hgf slt em'6f],
kfv08k"0f{ / gLr 5 eGg] s'/f g]kfnL qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ /fd|f];“u a'em\g] cj;/
Oltxf;n] k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] of] /0fgLlt s'g} gf}nf] xf]Og . Tof]
dxfg\ cS6'a/ qmflGt, lrlgof hgjfbL qmflGt x'“b} leotgfdL s|flGt;Dd k|of]u
x'“b} cfPsf] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] af;L kmd{'nf xf] . Tof] kmd{'nfn] g]kfndf sfd
gug{] s'/f lglZrt 5 . lsgls !_ g]kfnL qmflGt ljZjd} clxn];Dd ;dkGg qmflGtsf] ;jf{]Rr
;f/ xf] . @_ g]kfnL qmfltn] ;+;f/df clxn];Dd ePsf qmflGtx?af6 y'k|} ;sf/fTds /
gsf/fTds lzIff xfl;n ul/;s]sf] 5 . #_ g]kfnL qmflGt ;j{xf/f ju{n] clxn];Dd cfh{g
u/]sf] lrlgof“ dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;d]t cg'ejaf6 n}; 5 . $_
g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{ ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tf xf] . ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf] !*$*
b]lv clxn];Ddsf] !%& jif{sf] qmflGtofqfdf ;j{xf/fju{n] tdfd vfn] sfNklgs ;dfhjfbL,
c/fhstfjfbL, sfg'gL dfs;{jfbL, :jtM:km"t{tfjfbL, ;+zf]wgjfbL, cy{jfbL, 6«]8o'lgogjfbL,
lj;{hgjfbL nufotsf u}/ qmflGtsf/L cj;/jfbL k8fjx?nfO{ / wf/x?nfO{ k/f:t ub{}
cfO;s]sf] 5 . %_ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
dfu{bz{s ljrf/ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08ky xf] .
dfcf]jfbL kf6Lleq hgtGq gePsf],
tfgfzfxL / JolStk"hfjfbL lrGtg xfjL /x]sf] eg]/ p/flnPsf :j/x?sf] ;Gbe{df
dfcf]sf] csf{] ;'k|l;4 plSt klg TolQs} dggLo 5 .
æzq'n] h;sf] lj/f]w u5{ xfdLn]
To;sf] ;dy{g ug{'k5{ tyf zq'n] h;nfO{ ;dy{g u5{, xfdLn] To;sf] lj/f]w ug{' kb{5
.Æ
Pp6f
qmflGtsf/L of]4f h;sf] zxfbtdf xhf/f}+ /f]P
dx]Zj/ bfxfn
P+u]N;n] dfS;{sf] d[To'kl5
k|ltlqmof lbb} eGg'ePsf] lyof] æhLjgdf pxf“sf] ldzg lyof]– h;/L klg
k"“hLjfbL ;dfhnfO{ gi6 ug{] . === ;+3if{ ug{' pxf“sf] hLjgsf] ;f/ lyof]
. pxf“ nfvf}+ qmflGtsf/L tyf ;fyL dhb'/x?sf] Kof/, ;Ddfg tyf cf“z'x? lnP/
dg{'eof] .Æ
oxL s'/f yjfªsf vDaf t]hdfg
3tL{sf] zxfbtdf klg rl/tfy{ eof] . pxf“n] af“r'~h]n k'/fgf] ;Qfsf lj?4
;+3if{ ug{'eof] / dbf{ xhf/f}+sf] Kof/, ;Ddfg tyf cf“z'x? lnP/ dg{'eof] .
æp;sf] d[To'df g/f]Psf] dfG5]
d}n] e]6]sf] 5}g . sflt{s @% ut] yjfªdf ePsf] >4f~hnL ;efdf xhf/f}+sf] df;
g} /f]Psf] lyof] . d}n] o;cl3 Ps} k6s olt 7"nf] df; /f]Psf] slxNo} b]v]sf]
lyOg . d t emg\ p;sf] afa' slt kL8f ePsf] xf]nf < cr]n x/]s zf; / uf“;df
p;nfO{ g} ;Demg] u5{'Æ t]hdfg 3tL{sf] zxfbtkl5 pxf“sf lktf lz/wg 3tL{ du/sf]
k|ltlqmof xf] of] .
t]hdfg 3tL{ dfl/Psf] s'/f yjfªaf;L
/ pxf“sf] kl/jf/n] ;'g] klg zj b]Vg kfPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] pxf“sf] d[To' ePsf]
s'/fdf kl/jf/nfO{ k"/} ljZjf; nfluxfn]sf] 5}g . æpm slxn]sxL b'O{ rf/
dlxgf x/fp“Yof] / 6'Kn'Ss 3/ cfOk'UYof] . dnfO{ 5f]/f To;/L g} 3/ cfp“5 eGg]
nflu/xG5 . /flt ;kgfdf klg 5f]/f cfPsf] b]V5' Æ t]hdfgsL a[4 cfdf k"0fL{
eGg'x'G5 .
ækf6L{sf cWoIf s= k|r08 d]/f] 3/
cfpg'x'“bf d}n] 5f]/f / gfltnfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] df¥of] eg] d csf{] ljjfx u/]/
;Gtfg hGdfP/ km]l/ n8\g k7fp“5' eg]sf] lyP“ . clxn] lgz:q 5f]/f dfl/Pkl5
xTof/f ;Qfsf lj?4 aGb's af]s]/ cfkm}+ n8\g'k5{ eGg] nflu/x]sf] 5,Æ &%
jifL{o lz/wg k'/fgf] ;Qflj?4 cfqmf]; JoQm ug{'x'G5 . t]hdfgsf] a'afeGbf cfdf %
jif{n] h]7L x'g'x'G5 .
t]hdfgsf] zxfbtkl5 cfdf k'0fL{
3tL{sf] cf“vfaf6 cf“z' yfldPsf] 5}gg\ . æ;a}sf] enf] ;f]+Rg], c?sf] emu8f
ldnfp“b} lx8\g] Tof] d]/f] 5f]/fn] s] ljuf/]sf] lyof] / kfkLx?n] df/]sf x'g
<Æ To;f] eGbfeGb} cfdf k"0fL{sf] unf cj?4 eof] . cf“z'sf] alnGb|wf/f
emg{ yfn], afSo /flsof] .
t]hdfgsf] zxfbtkl5 dfcf]jfbLsf
cWoIf s= k|r08n] d;“usf] s'/fsfgLsf qmddf eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æyjfªsf vDaf
t]hdfgsf] zxfbtsf s'/f ;'g]kl5 d lgs} a]r}g eP“ . of] ;dfrf/n] dnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd
kL8f lbO/x\of] .Æ
jf:tjdf t]hdfg 3tL{ h:tf dfG5]
;w}+ hGdb}+gg\ . h;sf] t]hdfg;“u ;flgWotf /x\of], pxf“sf] ;/ntf / k|lta4tf
k|]/0ff>f]t aGof] .
æd]/f] /fhgLlts ;'?jftdf c;fWo}
7"nf] k|efj kfg{]x?df s[i0f ;]g / t]hdfg 3tL{ x'g'x'GYof] . To;}n]
pxf“x?sf] zxfbtn] dnfO{ 7"nf] kL8f eO/x]sf] 5,Æ dfcf]jfbLsf k|jQmf
s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f eGg'x'G5 .
du/f“t hg;/sf/sf k|d'v ;Gtf]if
a'9fsf] k|ltlqmof 5– æd}n] Pp6f /fhgLlts cleefjs / lgs6 ;xof]uL ;fyL u'dfPsf]
kL8f ef]lu/x]sf] 5' .Æ t]hdfg 3tL{du/ dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/sf cnfjf du/f“t
hg;/sf/sf ;b:o klg x'g'x'GYof] .
yjfª t]hdfgsf] hGd / sd{ ynf] xf]
. t/, ls;fg ;+u7gsf] sfo{qmddf hf“bf pxf“nfO{ c3f{vf“rLdf c;f]h @% ut]
sAhfdf lnP/ b'O{ tLg 306f oftgf lbP/ zfxL ;]gfn] xTof u/]sf] s'/f :yfgLojf;Lx?n]
atfPsf 5g\ . pxf“nfO{ dfbf{ k|rf/ dfWodx?df dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ eg]/
kb t v'nfOPsf] lyof] t/ gfd unt lbOPsf] lyof] . pxf“nfO{ uf]kgLotf vf]Ng /
cfTd;dk{0f ug{ rsf{] oftgf lbPsf], rsf{] oftgfaf6 klg gun]kl5 klxnf Pp6f xftdf
uf]nL xfg]sf] / To;kl5 emg\ b[9tfk"j{s plePkl5 pxf“nfO{ uf]nL xfg]/ xTof
u/]sf] atfOG5 . pxf“;“u} dfcf]jfbLsf If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o s= ljdnsf] xTof
ul/Psf] lyof] . pxf“ klg cfkm\gf] ;dsfnLgsf aLrdf h'emf? / OdfGbf/ o'jfsf] ?kdf
:yflkt x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“;“u eg] d]/f] Psb'O{ k6s ;fdfGo enfs';f/L afx]s
nfdf] s'/fsfgL x'g kfPg .
t]hdfg 3tL{ du/sf] d[To' ;fdfGo
va/ eof] h;n] pxf“nfO{ lrGb}g lyP . h;n] pxf“;“u ;+ut u/] To;n] pxf“sf]
zxfbtsf] ;dfrf/af6 ddf{lxt eP . Pp6f Oltxf; 9n]sf] cg'e"lt u/] .
oBlk
pxf“ To:tf] 7"nf] ljrf/s x'g'x'GYo]g . /, s'g} u|Gy klg n]Vg'ePsf] lyPg .
pxf“ ;fwf/0f ls;fg k[i7e"ldaf6 sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf cfpg'ePsf] lyof] /
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df cfPkl5 g} ;fIf/ x'g'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf] l;ªuf] hLjg g}
;+3if{sf] ufyfn] el/Psf] 7"nf] u|Gy xf] .
t]hdfg 3tL{ @))&÷)* ;fnlt/
hGdg' ePsf] xf] . pxf“sf] hGd]sf] Plsg ldlt pxf“sf] a'af cfdfnfO{ klg yfxf
5}g . …pm Oltxf; aG5 eGg] ;f]+r]sf] eP ldlt l6k]/ /fVg] lyP † lktf lz/wg
eGg'x'G5 .
ufp“df d'Vof}nL emu8fsf sf/0f
lz/wg 3tL{ @)!@÷!# ;fnlt/ ^ dlxgf Ko"7fg h]ndf a:g'eof] . h]ndf a:bf xfnsf
Pstf s]Gb|–d;fnsf dxfdGqL df]xgljqmd l;+x nufot g]tfx? klg ToxL h]ndf
x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“x?dfkm{t\ lz/wg 3tL{ sDo'lgi6 ljrf/k|lt k|effljt x'g'eof] .
jd{g a'9fx?;“u} lz/wg 3tL{ du/n] yjfªdf sDo'lgi6 ljrf/sf] ljh /f]Kg'eof] .
kl5 pxf“sf] 5f]/f t]hdfg 3tL{ du/ ;r]t ePb]lv zxfbt gx'“bf;Dd yjfªsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] la+8f yfld/xg' eof] . t]hdfg 3tL{ @)@* ;fndf ls;fg ;+u7gdf cfj4
x'g'ePsf] lyof] / @)#@ ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;b:o eP/ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf
lgjf{x ub{} lg/Gt/ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo x'g'eof] .
pxf“
nufot jd{g a'9f, ;Gtf]if a'9fsf] cu'jfOdf @)#& ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|xdf ax'bnsf]
kIfdf k"/} dt v;fOPsf] lyof] . @)#* ;fnsf] r'gfj jlx:sf/ ug{] gLlt ePsfn]
yjfªdf Ps dt klg v;]g . /, @)$* ;fnsf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf kf6L{sf] pkof]u ug{]
gLlt ePkl5 nueu ;a} dt ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{nfO{ v;fOPof] . To; nuQ} ePsf] :yfgLo
lgjf{rgdf klg Psnf}6L dt ;+hdf]sf] kIfdf k/]sf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] r'gfj alx:sf/
ug{] gLlt NofPkl5 k'/fgf] ;Qfn] yjfªdf cfkm\gf] k|ltlglw pEofpg ;d]t ;s]g .
lg/+s'z k~rfotL zf;s dfq} xf]Og
ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf zf;sx?af6 ;d]t :jfeLdfgL yjfªjf;Lx?n] sf]kefhgsf] lzsf/ aGg'k¥of]
. k~rfotL / ax'bnLo zf;sx?n] lbPsf kL8fsf syf gaf]s]sf k|foM 3/ g} 5}gg . hgo'4
;'? ePkl5 yjfªsf bh{gf} hgtfn] /ut kf]v]sf 5g . oxf“ y'k|} v08x/ agfPsf 3/x?sf]
b[Zo clxn] klg k|z:t} b]Vg ;lsG5 . ltg} v08x/df klg x“l;of xyf}8fc+lst /ftf
em08fx? kmx/fO/x]sf 5g / sltko 3/sf leQfx?df dfS;{,n]lgg,:6flng,dfcf] / k|r08sf
k]06 ul/Psf tl:j/x? b]lvG5g .
lg/+s'z
zf;ssf lj?4 n8]sf / bh{gf}+ k6s k|x/L / ;}lgs ck/]zg em]Ng'k/]sf nfdf] syf 5
yjfªjf;Lx?sf] . o;af/]df n]Vg] xf] eg] 7"nf] lstfj g} aGg]5 .
k~rfotL zf;sn] tTsfnLg k|wfgk~r jd{g a'9fnfO{ y'gfdf /fv]sf] / /fhtGqsf]
lj/f]w htfpg] qmddf @)#* ;fnsf] bz}+sf] 6Lsfsf] lbg Pp6f ;df/f]xdf tTsfnLg /fhf
jL/]Gb|sf] kmf]6f] hnfpg] sfd ul/of] . Tof] tTsfnLg kf6L{sf] gLlt cGtu{t geP/ :jt:km"t{
ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 g} yjfªdf 7"nf] ;}lgs ck/]zg eof] .
;}lgs ck/]zgkl5 cj s;/L hfg] eg]/
tTsfnLg kf6L{sf g]tf df]xg ljqnd l;+x;“u lgb{]zg lng t]hdfgsf] g]t[Tjdf yjfªsf]
6f]nL uf]/vk'/ k'Uof] . Pd=aL=n] /f]Nkfaf6 knfog eP/ a'9fx?nfO{ d'2f n8\g
sf7df8f}+ k7fpg] / o'jfx?n] dhb'/L ug{] ;Nnfx lbPsf] t]hdfgn] d;“usf] s'/fsfgLdf
atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . t/, pxf“n] Pd=aL=sf] Tof] ts{nfO{ 7f8} cZjLsf/ ug{'eof], /
eGg'eof] æof] 3f]/ knfogjfbL ;f]+r xf] . xfdL hLjg wfGg /fhgLltdf cfPsf xf]Ogf}+
. kf6L{n] ;+3if{sf] Knfg lbG5 eg] 7Ls} 5 . gq xfdL cfkm\g} 9¨n] rN5f}+ . ;+3if{
ubf{ dg{'k5{ eg] d5f}+ .Æ
To;kl5 pxf“x? lhNnf kms{g'eof]
/ ;'?df yjfªsf j/k/ a;]/ ;+u7g ug{ yfNg'eof] . æxfdLn] yjfªsf km6fxfsf lj?4
k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ rnfof}+, To;kl5 pgLx?sf] efubf}8 ;'? eof]Æ , t]hdfg 3tL{sf] zAb
.
zxfbt x'g'eGbf s]xL lbg klxnf dfq
t]hdfg;“u d}n] cGtjftf{ lnPsf] ly+P . pxf“n] cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf eGg'ePsf]
lyof] æPd=aL=;“u uf]/vk'/df e]6]kl5 d]/f] pgL;“u k"/} df]xe¨ eof] .
;+3if{ ug{'k5{ eGg] t nfUg] t/ s;/L < xfdL;“u Tof] lsl;dsf] ljrf/ / kl/kSj
g]tf lyPgg\ . cfkm}+n g]t[Tj ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] klg ljZjf; algg;s]sf] lyPg . tYoaf6
;To kQf nfu] klg ts{n] k'li6 ug{ xfdLn] ;Sb}g lyof}+ . Tolta]nf xfdLnfO{ c;fWo}
kL8f eof] . km6fxfsf lj?4 n8\g'k5{ eGg] r]tgfsf cfwf/df dfq xfdL ufp“ kms{]/
hgtfsf aLrdf a;]/ ;+3if{ ug{ yfNof}+ . hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTb} uof}+ . tL s'/fx? ;Dembf
dnfO{ clxn] klg uj{ nfU5 .Æ
Tof]
a]nfdf tkfO{x?n] kf6L{af6 ljb|f]x g} ul/;Sg' ePsf] lyof] ls eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf
pxf“n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] – æxfdLn] kf6L{ 5fl8;s]sf lyPgf}+ . t/, Pd=aL=n]
g]t[Tj ul//xg] xf] eg] of] kf6L{n] qmflGt ub{}g eGg] lgisif{df k'u]sf lyof}+ .Æ
lj=;=
@)$! ;fndf ePsf] kfrf}+ dxflwj]bgdf Pd=aL=lj?4 s= k|r08 nufot tTsfnLg o'jf
g]tfx?n] gof“ ljrf/ k|:t't u/]sf] / Tof] cfkm\g} efjgf kf]lvPsf] cg'e't u/]sf]
atfp“b} pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof] æToltv]/sf o'jf g]tf s= k|r08, jfbnx? h;/L
Pd=aL=sf lj?4 ;zQm ts{sf ;fy vlgg' eof] To;n] dnfO{ w]/} v'zL t'Nofof] . ca
g]kfnsf] sdo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng xf“Sg;Sg] o'jf g]tfx? hGd]5g\ eGg] nfUof] . To;kl5
xfdL yjfªsf ;fyLx?n] gof“ g]t[Tjk|ltsf] e/f];f nfu]/ Tot} cfs{lif{t eof}+ .
klxnf Pd=aL=n] sDo'lgi6 agfPsf] yjfª pxf“s} lj?4 pEofOlbof}+ .Æ
;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{, g]kfnsf] tkm{af6
r'gfj n8\bf pxf“ /f]Nkf lhNnfsf] kf6L{ ;]qm]6/L x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf]
sdf08df lhNnfdf ;+;bLo r'gfj n8\bf /f]Nkfsf b'j} If]q lhltPsf] lyof] . /f]Nkfaf6
Tolta]nf ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug{]df Pshgf xfn dfcf]jfbLsf k|jQmf x'g'ePsf
s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f / Ps hgf jd{g a'9f x'g'x'GYof] .
;a}eGbf v'zL / :jtGqtfsf]
cg'e"lt slxNo} ug{'ePsf] 5 egL ;f]w]sf] Ps k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf t]hdfg 3tL{n]
eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æsDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;b:otf lnPsf] lbg d}n] To:tf]
cg'e"lt u/]sf] lyP .Æ
pxf“nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L l/; rflx+
9f“6\g] / sDo'lgi6 ljrf/k|lt e|d km}nfpg]k|lt p7\g] atfpg'x'GYof] .
c;fWo} sd af]Ng] t]hdfg 3tL{
k|foM :yfgLo e]ife'iff g} nufpg' x'GYof] . jd{g a'9fn] ;+;bdf nufpg] …8«];Ú
. d'lZsnn] lstfj, kqklqsf k9\g'x'g] t]hdfgnfO{ k9\g gkfPsf]df lrGtf 5 ls eGg]
d]/f] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf eGg'ePsf] lyof] ædnfO{ o;df /lte/ lrGtf 5}g . sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ng eg]sf] ;fd"lxs 9¨n] ug{] xf] . ;a}sf ck'unfO{ hf]8]/ k"0f{
ug{] xf] . d]/f] ck'unfO{ ;fyLx?af6 k"/f ul//x]sf] 5' . a? dnfO{ Pp6} dfq
lrGtf 5 qmflGt l9nf] t x'“b}g < a"9f] x'“b} uPsfn] qmflGt k"/f
ePsf] b]v]/ dg{ kfP x'GYof] eGg] lrGtf nfu]sf] 5 . o:tf] k|ltlqmof lb+bflbb}
t'?Gt eGg'eof] æxtf/sf] gfddf pu| x'g'k5{ eGg] d]/f] ;f]+r eg] xf]Og . xfd|f]
k':tfn] n8fO“ ;'? u/]sf] 5 . xfdL d¥of}+ eg] klg kl5Nnf] k':tfn] of] n8fO“
xf“Sg]5g\ . /, lhtL 5f8\g]5g\ .Æ
;fbf
hLjg / pRr ljrf/sf k|ltd"lt{ t]hdfg;“u P3f/ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf d}n] !)÷*
k6s e]6]sf] lyP . pxf“;+usf] klxnf] e]6 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{;+u @)%) ;fnlt/ yjfªdf
cfp“bf ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf 8f= e§/fO{ / d;“u yjfªsf] ju{;+3if{sf] Oltxf;
/ To;a]nf /f]Nkfdf eO/x]sf k|lt/f]wfTds ;+3if{sf af/]df lgs} pT;fxhgs 9+¨n] pxf“
k|:t't x'g'ePsf] lyof] . To;a]nf xfdLn] Ps 5fs vfgf pxf“s} 3/df vfPsf lyof}+ .
pxf“sf] ;/ntf / ;+3if{k|ltsf] k|lta4tfk|lt 8f= e§/fO{ lgs} k|efljt x'g'ePsf]
lyof] . /, pxf“sf] zxfbtkl5 8f= e§/fO{n] d;“usf] s'/fsfgLdf ToxL s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpg'
ePsf] lyof]
d}n] em08} Ps o'usf] cGt/df
pxf“sf] pd]/df afx]s ;/ntf, OdfGbfl/tf / ;+3if{k|ltsf] k|lta4tfdf sxL km/s
kfOg . yjfª agfpg / yjfªsf] ;+3if{zLn 5ljnfO{ arfO/fVg pxf“sf] of] /fd|f]
ljz]iftfn] klg dxTjk"0f{ sfd u/]sf] 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . pxf“nfO{ e]6\g]x?
pxf“sf] ;/ntf / ;+3if{k|ltsf] ;dk{0fefjsf sf/0f k|efljt geO{ /xg ;Sb}g lyof] .
pxf“sf ;dsfnLg s uf]/]sf] zAb æc;fWo} /fd|f] ;fyL 9Nof] . 7"nf] Iflt eof]
.Æ
pxf“sL kTgL ;'g;/L 3tL{ cfkm\gf]
tL; jif{sf] j}jflxs hLjgdf >Ldfg;“u Psk6s klg emu8f gePsf] atfpg'x'G5 .
pxfsf] a'emfO{df klg pxf“ w]/} c;n dfG5] xf] .
afa'sf] cw'/f] ;kgf k"/f ug{]
k|lta4tf pxf“sf 5f]/L s?0ffn] / 5f]/f chon] u/]sf 5g\ . 5f]/f chon] afa'sf]
zxfbtkl5 d;“u k|ltlqmof lbb} eg]sf lyP – æo'4sf] clgjfo{ lgodleq pxf“
kg{'eof] . o'4sf] IfltnfO{ xfdLn] /fd|/L a'em]sf 5f}+ . Æ
lg/+s'z zf;sx?n] t]hdfgsf] 5f]/f
chonfO{ SofDk;sf] 5'§Ldf sf7df8f}+af6 3/ cfp“b} ubf{ ut ;fn nfdfrf}/df kqm]/
rsf{] oftgf lbPsf] lyof] / To;kl5 pgn] k9fO“ g} 5f8]sf lyP .
pRr rl/q, cfTd;Ddfg / ;fx; ePsf
t]hdfg 3tL{sf] zxfbtn] g]kfnsf] ju{;+3if{sf] ln8/ lhNnf /f]Nkfsf] cfGbf]ngdf
7"nf] Iflt ePsf] dx;'; /f]NkfnLn] u/]sf 5g . oBlk pxf“sf] k|efj b]zsf cGo
If]qdf klg lgs} km}lnPsf] lyof] . hGd / sd{ ynf] ePsfn] pxf“ oxL+sf hgtf;“u
leHg'ePsf] lyof] . 7"nf] ;d:of ePsf 7fp“df pxf“ plePkl5 dfq klg cfwf xn
x'G5 elgGYof] .
dfcf]jfbLsf
kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o Pj+ ljz]if If]qsf If]qLo Jo"/f] O~rfh{ s= ljKnjn]
t]hdfg 3tL{sf] zxfbt nuQ} eGg'ePsf] lyof] – æxfdLn] hLt;“u} lbglbg} ;fyLx?
9n]sf] kL8f klg ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ . v'zL / kL8f, hLt / xf/sf] aLrdf qmflGt u'lh|/x]sf]
5 . t]hdfgh:tf ;fyLx?sf] zxfbn] Psk|sf/sf] på]ng k}bf x'g' :jfefljs 5 . efjgf /
på]ngn] ljrf/nfO{ xfjL ug{' x'“b}g . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg
ug{] bfloTj pxf“ nufot zxLbx?n] xfd|f] sf“wdf ;'lDkg' ePsf] 5 . t]hdfghLsf]
cw'/f] sfd xfdL k"/f u/]/ 5f8\g] 5f}+ . Æ
/f]Nkfdf
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] lj?jf x'sf{pg] dxfg\ zxLb t]hdfg 3tL{k|lt xflb{s >4f;'dg
.
;fdGtL ;Qfsf] cGTokZrft\ dfq}
hg:jfYosf] :yfkgf ;Dej
lw/h
dfgl;s jf ef}lts ?kdf zl//sf] s'g}
klg cª\usf] sfo{ ;xh / ;Ifd tj/n] ;~rfng x'g' g} :jf:Yo xf] . :jf:Yo ljgf ;'rf?
9ª\un] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ / ljgf sl7gfO{sf ;fy hLjg ofkg ug{nfO{ c;Dej x'g] ub{5 .
To;sf/0f :j:Yo /xg' :jtM dflg;sf] cfwf/e"t / ef}lts xs xf] eGbf cTo'lQm
gxf]nf .
g]kfn cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs
d"n's ePsf] sf/0f :jf:Yo h:tf] clt dxŒjk"0f{ s'/faf6 jl~rt gx'g] t
s'/} ePg . cToflws g]kfnL >dhLjLx? :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 6f9f /xg' k/]sf] lttf]
oyfy{sf] af/]df ;fob k|:6\ofO /fVg gknf{ . ;Lldt k'“hLkltju{ / ;fdGt bnfnx?sf]
nflu :jf:Yo ;]jf k]jf aGb} cfPsf] hLjg Jojxf/df k|i6;“u b]Vg ;lsG5 . w]/} h;f]
e"efu ljs6 kxf8 / ufp“n] 9flsPsf] g]kfndf zx/ / k'“hL s]lGb|t pTkL8s /
zf]ifs ju{sf] ;'ljwfdf Jo:t k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf] cj}1flgs :jf:Yo gLlt / sfo{qmd
lj?4sf] ;ª\3if{ g} jt{dfg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL qmflGtsf] ljifo xf] eGbf cgf}7f] gnfUnf
.
;g\ @)));Dddf ;a}sf] nflu :jf;Yo
eGg] gf/f slyt >L % sf] ;/sf/ egfp“bfx?n] 3Gsfo tfklg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df nfu"
x'g g;s]sf] tYo :ki6 5 . h;sf] afws tTj ;lbof}+ jif{b]lv h/f uf8]/ /x]sf] ;fdGtL
zfxL /fHo;Qf g} xf] . To;}n] ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo ljgf hgtfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf gkfpg]
tYonfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy cfTd;ft ub]{ cToflws u|fld0f Onfsfx?df k|To]s kl/jf/ Pj+ ;b:ox?;Dd
:jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpg' kg]{ dxŒjk"0f{ r'gf}lt g]kfnL hgo'4df ;dflxt
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] sf“wdf cfPsf] s'/f gsf{g ;lsb}g .
ul/aLsf] sf/0f ;fdGo :jf:Yo ;d:of
k/]sf] v08df ljleGg hl6ntfsf] l:ylt cfO{ t8\kL cfºgf] cd"No Hofg ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfx?n] u'dfpg' k/]sf] oyfy{ Psf k6\6L 5 eg] g]kfnL g} x'“ eGg] slyt /fhf
1fg]Gb|sf] 5f]/L k]|/0ffnfO{ ut;fndf ;fdfGo lj/fdL x'“bf ljb]z nu]/
/fHosf]ifaf6 ( s/f]8 vr{ ul/Psf] jf:tljstf l5kfpg' ldNb}g . oxf“ u/L vfg] ju{
/ j;L vfg] ju{ aLrdf cfsfz kQfnsf] km/s b]vf kb]{ cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] c;dfg kl/l:yltsf]
Wj+; u/L ;dfgtfk"0f{ kl/jt{gsf] nflu klg g]kfndf qmflGt ;DkGg ug'{ dxŒjk"0f{
s'/f ePsf] 5 .
slyt jx'bnLo Joj:yfsf] gfddf
hgtfnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf 3/b}nf]df k|bfg ug]{ cfZjf;g lbP/ r'gfj lht]sf ;f+;bx?n]
hgtfsf] nflu ge} cfºg} :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] gfddf vr{ u/]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL ;f+;bx?n] t
e|i6rf/ ug]{ lzif{s ge]6fo kl5 ;'Ts]/L vr{ tyf ue{jtL ePsf] cf}ifwLsf] ljn agfP/
;Dd wg s'DNofPsf 5g\ . s:tf] lj8Dagf k'?if dfG5] ue{jtL x'g' eg]sf]
slt kfv08L, cj}1flgs / gLr sfo{ . xfd|f] cf“vfdf lk;fj km]g{ b'Z;fx; ug]{
bnfnx?sf lk5nUu'x?nfO{ k}tnfn] gs'Nr];Dd o:tf g/lkrf;x? km]l/ klg tkfO{+ xfd|f]
3/b}nf]df ljleGg nf]e nfnr b]vfP/ ef]6 dfUg cfpg ;Sg]5g\ . :jf:Yo nufotsf cGo ;'ljwfx?
k|fKt ug{sf] lglDt pTkLl8t ju{n] ;ª\3if{ ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . lsgsL ca dfu]/ s'g}
klg clwsf/ s;}n] lbg / lng g;s]sf] x'“bf xfd|f] xs clwsf/ vf];]/ k|fKt ug'{
kb{5 . h;sf] lgldQ ljut !) jif{b]lv ;ª\3if{ ub]{ cl3 al9/fv]sf] /fhg}lts ;+:yf
g]=s=kf=- dfcf]jfbL_n] ;~rfng u/]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 g} Psdfq j}slNks af6f] x'g ;Sb5
.
cfh;Dd cfp“bf g]kfnL >dhLjL
hg;d'bfox?n] :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ne / k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] lsg kfO/fv]sf 5}gg\ < o;sf]
k|wfg sf/0f t oxf“ ul/vfg] ju{sf] /fHo;Qf gx'g' g} xf] / To; afx]ssf cGo
sf/0fx? klg 5g\ h'g lo s/0f x'g\ .
!_
:jf:Yo gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? cj}1flgs tyf lkmtnf] x'g'n] .
@_:jf:Yo
;]jfdf b]lvPsf gLlhs/0f Pj+ k'“hLs/0fnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ugf{n] .
#_
:jf:Yo lj1fgsf cfwf/e"t k|lzIf0fsf sfo{qmdx? hg:t/;Dd ;~rfng gug'{n] .
$_
u/LaL / clzIFfsf] sf/0fn] .
%_
bIf 8fS6/ / x]Ny cl;:6]06sf] pTkfbgdf hf]8 glbg'n] .
^_
u|fld0f Onfsfx?df ljsf; lgdf{0f h:t} oftfoft cflbdf hf]8 glbOgfn] .
&_
:jf:Yo If]qdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xL d'Nofª\sg, ljGof; / cg'udg ;xL 9ª\un]
gu{gfn] .
*_
cf}ifwL cfk"lt{sf] ;jfndf afx\o >f]tnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] / cf}ifwLdf
cfTdlge{/ gaGg] p2]Zo /fVgfn] .
(_
3'; lng] / lbg]sf] cfwf/df :jf:YosdL{nfO{ /f]huf/L lbnfOg'n] .
cfw'lgs
o'u @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] j}1flgs o'un] kl/lrt eP tfklg sltko hgtfx?n] :jf:Yo ;d:of
k/]sf] a]nfdf Ps rSsL cf}ifwL b]Vg gkfO csfndf Hofg u'dfpg ljjz 5g\ . h;sf]
;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L /fHo ;Qf rnfpg]x?n] glnP/ ;'Vv} 5}g . uf;, jf;, skf;, :jf:Yo,
lzIFf / /f]huf/ h:tf hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t s'/fx?k|lt Wofg glbg] d'67Le/ ;fdGtx?sf]
;]jfdf tlNng zfxL /fHo;Qfsf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g h;sf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] nflu
qmflGt g} ;jf]{Ts[i6 dfu{ xf] eGg] s'/fdf xfdL pTkLl8t dgx? b'ljwfdf kg'{
x'“b}g .
k'/fgf]
/fHo;Qfåf/f :jf:Yo ;DalGw ;'rsx?sf] dfkg, :jf:YonfO{ c;/ kfg]{ tŒjx?sf] dfkg /
:jf:Yo ;]jfx?sf] dfkg ;xL 9ª\un] gul/+bf unt :jf:Yo tYofª\s –health
statistics_ lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ h;n] lglDg s'/fx?k|lt c;/ k'¥ofO/fv]sf 5g\ .
!_
;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo ;DalGw ;d:ofsf] cg';Gwfg ug{ g;Sg' .
@_
:jf:Yo ;DalGw ljleGg lzif{sdf jh]6 lgdf{0f / To;sf] ;xL 9+un] vr{ ug{ g;Sg' .
#_
:jf:Yo ;DalGw ;d:of / cfjZostf kQf nufpg g;Sg' .
$_
ljut / jt{dfgdf eO/fv]sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt kQf gnfpg' .
%_
:jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntf c;kmntf tyf sfo{sf] lgl/If0f ;xL 9ª\un] ug{ g;Sg' .
gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf] hg:jf:Yo
gLltdf ;a}sf] nflu :jf:Yo lgz'Ns, z'ne / k|efjsf/L x'g'kb{5 eGg] j}1flgs dfGotf
5 . o;df klg d'VotM prevention is better then cure_ sf] dfGotfnfO{ b[9tfsf;fy cª\ufNg]
5 . o;df :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ / /f]dyfd lgDg tj/n] Nofpg ;lsg]5 eGg] nfUb5 .
!_
:jf:Yo lzIFf lbP/ .
@_
jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO u/]/ .
#_
kf]if0f l:yltdf ;'wf/ NofP/ .
$_
afgL Joxf]/f / hLjg z}nLdf kl/jt{g NofP/ .
;f/df j}1flgs, j:t'jfbL / Jofjxfl/s
hg:jf:Yo gLlt ;xL tj/n] sfof{Gjog ePsf] v08df olt ;fgf] hg;+Vof ePsf] g]kfndf :jf:Yo
;]jf k|To]s kl/jf/ jf JolQm;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . h;sf] km};nf qmflGtsf] dfWodåf/f
g]kfnL hgtfx?n] ug'{ kg]{ P]ltxfl;s lhDdf xfd|F] sf“wdf cfPsf] 5 .
xfdL t jt{dfgdf eoª\s/ ju{;ª\3if{sf]
o'4 d}bfgdf 5f}+ . oxf“ ju{j}/Lsf lj?4 n8\g] qmddf ;of}+ sd/]8x?n] cfºgf] cª\u
u'dfpg k'U5g\, hf] cª\eª\u ePsf sd/]8x?nfO{ d]l8sn, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs Pj+
Joj;flos k|fljlws tflndx? lbnfP/ qmflGt leq / ;dfhdf cfºgf] :yfg agfpg ;Sg] u/L
k'g{:yfkgf –rehabition_ ug'{ kb{5 . h;n] hLjg lgjf{x ug{ csf{sf] e/ kg'{ gkg]{
/ lrGtf klg x'g gkfpg] x'G5 o;sf] nflu kf6L{n] lgDg cg';f/ process rfNg' kb{5
eGg] nfUb5 .
!_dfgl;s
?kdf kl/jt{g u/L cfkm}df ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg] agfpg] .
@_
k"j{ cj:yf h:t} sfd ug{ ;Sg] agfpg] .
#_
kl/jf/ Pj+ ;dfh;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ k'g:yflkt ug]{ .
$_
Joj;flos ?kdf hLjg ofkg ug{ ;Sg] agfpg] .
cGtdf la8Dagfsf] s'/f >L % sf]
;/sf/ :jf:Yo dGqfno eg]/ ;Lldt b/jfl/ofx?sf] nflu dfq :jf:Yo ;]jf u/]/ s}b ul/Psf]
5 . ha;Dd xfdL clwsf+z pTkLl8tju{n] o;nfO{ Wj:t agfP/ hg:jf:Yo dGqfno eg]
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ tj;Dd xfdL >dhLjL ju{x? :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt x'g] s'/f
lglZrt 5 .
jt{dfgdf t emg} :jf:Yo dGqfnosf]
sfd k'/} /Iff dGqfnon] lhDdf lnP/ ufp“–ufp“df :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ub]{
lx+8]sf] / b}lgs olt / plt xhf/ hgtfx? :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf] eg]/ kmh'n
k|f]kf]uf08f dRofp“b} 5g\ . cfºgf] bfh'efO{, lbbL alxgL glrGg] kfNt' s's'/x?n]
cf}ifwL s;/L lrGg ;Snfg < hj/h:tL cfkm" uPsf 7fp“sf hgtfx?nfO{ ;dft]/
NofP/ b'O{ rSsL l;6fdf]n ks]6df /fvL lbg], lng gdfg]sf] v08df aGb'ssf] s'Gbfn]
xflglbg] u/]sf 5g\ . ca egf}+ ;a} /f]udf l;6fdf]n lkm6 x'g;S5, aGb'ssf] s'Gbfn]
/f]usf] AofS6]l/of gi6 x'g ;S5 < sbflk ;Sb}g . o:tf] tfgfzfxL / kfv08L gLlt
nfu" u/]sf] v08df hgtfsf] :jf:Yo lju|bf] cj:yflt/ ghfnf < cflb cflb=======sf//0fn]
klg gof“, pGgt / j}1flgs lsl;dsf] :jf;Yo gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? nfu" ug{ ckl/xfo{
cfjZostf aGg uPsf] 5 . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cho j}rfl/s xltof/nfO{ b[9tfsf;fy
ks\8]/ cGofosf] lj?4df ;ª\3if{sf] cf“wLa]x/L ;[hgf ub}{ cl3 a9]sf] v08df
hgtfsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf b'O{dt gxf]nf . hgtfsf] gof“
/fHo;Qf k|fKt ePkl5 gof“ g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f;“u} :jf:Yo ;d:of klg xn x'g]5 .
-n]vs
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn kf“rf}+ lj|u]8sf 8fS6/ x'g'x'G5 _