n]vx?
;+u7gfTds
;d:ofaf/] s]xL HjnGt k|Zgx?
s~rg
zdf{
ju{
;+3if{sf] ljsf; / kf6L{sf] ;Qf lgs6tfsf ;Defjgfn] y'k|} gof““ gof““ ;d:ofx?
;txdf Nofpg] ub{5g\ . tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ kf6L{ hLjgdf cGt/lj/f]w elgG5 . p;f] t o:tf
;d:ofx? ju{ ;+3if{sf] ;z:q :j?ksf] cj:yfdf dfq xf]Og, kf6L{ hLjgsf x/]s r/0fdf
b]vf kl//xG5g\ . dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ju{ ;+3if{sf] ;z:q r/0fdf gx'“bfsf]
cj:yfdf cyjf j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts, ;+u7gfTds Pjd\ ;+3if{sf] t}of/Lsf] cj:yfdf k}bf
x'g] ;+u7gfTds ;d:ofx? / ;z:q ;+3if{sf] r/0fdf cfPsf] cj:yfdf k}bf x'g] ;d:ofx?
lglZrt?kn] dfqf / u'0fdf km/s x'G5g . t/, rl/qut ?kn] tL b'j} cj:yfdf k}bf x'g]
cGt/lj/f]w of ;d:ofx? Pp6} x'G5g, cyjf To;sf] cGto{df ju{lxt of ju{:j?k x'g] u5{
. kf6L{n] ;+u7g eGbf aflx/ b'Zdg;“u ;z:q ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] k|efj
ljleGg ?kn] kf6L{leq kl//x]sf] x'G5 . tL ljljw?kn] kg]{ ljljw k|efjx? dWo] Pp6f
clt dxTjk"0f{ k|efj ju{ :jfy{ /Iffsf] xf] . ju{ :jfy{sf] s'/f ubf{ b'j}
ju{x?, ;j{xf/f ju{ / a'h'{jf ju{sf] lxtsf] k|Zg cfpg] x'G5 . qmflGtsf/L kf6L{leq
/x]sf] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] k|ltlglwn] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] lxtsf] k|ZgnfO{
s]Gb|ljGb"df /fv]/ cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts, ;f+u7lgs Pj+
;+3if{sf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt to u/]sf] x'G5, ToxL s'/f a'h'{jf ju{sf k|ltlglwsf
nflu klg ;xL xf] ls p;n] a'h'{jf lxtnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ cfkm\gf ultljlwnfO{
s]lGb|t u/]sf] x'G5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;du| ;}4flGts Pj+ /fhg}lts ;dembf/L ;dfhjfb
x'“b} ljZje/af6} ju{ pGd"ng ePsf] ;fDojfbL ;dfhdf hfg' xf] . h;sf nflu ;j{xf/fju{
klxnf ;Qf k|fKt ug{ rfxG5, Tof] ;QfnfO{ ljZj ;fDojfbsf] cfwf/Onfsfsf] ?kdf ljsf;
ub}{ ;fDojfbL ;+;f/df hfgsf nflu ;+3if{ ug{ rfxG5 . a'h'{jf ju{sf k|ltlglwx?sf ;Gbe{df
of] Pp6f sxfnL nfUbf] ofqf x'g] u5{ . /, p;n] cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ nIo /
p2]Zox?nfO{, ;+3if{sf ultljlwx?nfO{, ;+u7gfTds 9f“rf / sfo{z}nLnfO{ ;Qf
k|flKtsf] xb;Dd s]lGb|t ug{ rfxG5 . ;+3if{ of o'4, a'h'{jf k|ltlglwx?sf nflu ;Qf
k|flKtsf] ;Defjgf lgs6 g/x“bf;Dd ;+3if{ ;ayf]s xf] / nIo s]xL xf]Og eGg] cjwf/0ff
leq s}b ePsf] x'G5, ha ;+3if{n] kf6L{nfO{ ;Qfsf] lgs6 k'/\ofp“b} n}hfG5
;+3if{sf] nIo ;Qf k|flKtsf nflu df]ntf]nsf] ;fwg aGg hfg] x'G5 . oL ;Dk"0f{
oyfy{sf jfah"b Oltxf;df y'k|} a'h'{jf ju{sf k|ltlglwx? lglZrt b]z sfnsf ;Gbe{df
qmflGtsf] lglZrt r/0f;Dd ;j{xf/f ju{sf ;fy;fy cfO/x]sf x'G5g . To;sf] d'Vo sf/0f
s] xf] eg] pgLx?n] oxf“;Dd /fd|f];“u a'em]sf x'G5g ls Pp6f qmflGtsf/L ;+ul7t
zlQmlagf csf]{ ;+ul7t zlQmnfO{ ;QfRo"t ug{ ;Dej x'“b}g . ToxL sf/0f lyof]
?;sf] dxfg\ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtdf y'k|} v|'Zr]e / v|'Zr]ekGyLx? ;Qfdf k'Ug' tyf
dfcf]sf] g]t'Tjdf ;DkGg dxfg\ lrlgof“ qmflGtdf y'k}| b]ª l;ofcf] kLªx?, nLg
Kofcf]x? tyf y'k|} ≈jfsf] km]ªx? ;Qf;Dd k'Ug' .
Pp6f
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ hj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /ut / alnbfgLaf6 hgtfsf aLrdf emflu+b} hfG5,
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;dfhdf ljBdfg /fhg}lts ;f“:s[lts Pjd\ ;fdflhs lj/f;tdf /x]sf]
lgDg a'h'{jf ;d'bfo klg s'g} g s'g} tl/sfn] kf6L{sf] jl/k/L uf]naGb x'g k'U5 . ;j{xf/f
qmflGtsf] rl/qn] ;QfnfO{ a'h'{jf ju{n] h:t} s]jn Pp6f ju{sf] :jfy{df rL/sfnhLjL
agfpg vf]Hg] eGbf cfkm\gf] ju{ nufot ;dfhsf ;a} ju{nfO{ d'Qm ub}{ cfkm\gf] ju{ /
;dfhsf ;a} ju{sf] ljnf]kLs/0fdf a9\g] ePsfn] s'g} klg qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ ljz'4 ;j{xf/fsf]
bn geP/ oyfy{df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjdf cfd hgtfsf] kf6L{ x'g] tyf To;n] ;dfhsf
ljleGg k|ultzLn ju{x?;“u Pstf ub}{ /0fg}lts df]rf{aGbLdf ;dflxt ug]{ x'gfn]
kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] lglZrt P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfdf o:tf] ju{nfO{ klg oyfy{df kf6L{
leq s'g} g s'g} ?kdf :yfg e}/x]sf] x'G5 . ha o:tf] ju{sf] ;j{xf/f ju{df ?kfGt/0f
x'G5 / :jo+ ;j{xf/f ju{ ljnf]kLs/0fsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\5, kf6L{leq of] ju{sf] :yfg
klg x/fp“b} hfG5 / ju{ ljnf]kLs/0f;“u} of] ju{ klg ljnf]k eP/ hfG5 . To;
sf/0f s'g} klg ;dfhdf, rfx] Tof] ;dfhjfbL xf]; of k"“hLjfbL, ju{ ljeflht
cj:yf /x'~h]n;Dd kf6L{df of ;Qfdf ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj cfjZos eO/xg] x'G5 .
;Qf k|fKt gx'“bf;Dd kf6L{df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj / ;Qf k|fKt e};s]kl5 ;Qf
/ kf6L{ b'j}df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj e}/xg cfjZos x'G5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
clwgfosTjsf] k|ZgnfO{ ;Qf / kf6L{ u/]/ cnu ug{ of v08Ls[t ug{ ldNb}g . obfsbf ;Qf
/ kf6L{ aLr lje]b ug{ vf]Hg] vfnsf ljrf/x?nfO{ ;}4flGts, /fhg}lts Pjd\ ;+u7gfTds
z'4Lsf/0fsf] dfWodåf/f ;dfwfg ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ x'G5 .
kf6Lleq
Pslqt hg;d'bfonfO{, cfd?kdf ;j{xf/fs/0f ug]{ s'/fsf] 7"nf] dxTj 5 . ;j{xf/fs/0f
ug]{ k|Zgn] s]jn kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] lxtdf, qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] lxtdf nfUg]
qmddf slt b"v si6 p7fpg' k/\of] eGg] s'/f;“u ;DaGw /fVb}g . s]xL s]xL
cfnfsf“rf sfo{stf{x?df of Ps :t/sf g]t[Tj txdf ;d]t o:tf] kfOG5 ls ljrf/, /fhgLlt
/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] dxfg\ nIo p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ ljsf;sf] cfjZostfdf
clxn];Dd ul/Psf] xfd|f] ;+3if{ To; p4]Zosf nflu ul/g] ;of} v'l8\lsnfx? dWo] s]jn
Ps b'O{ v'8\sLnf dfq x'g\ eg]/ j'em\g] eGbf clxn];Dd ul/Psf ;+3if{df cfk\mgf
b'Mv kL8fx? g} k|ofKt eO;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf dfG5]x?af6 cfkm\gf cgluGtL kL8fx? tyf
cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ;“uflnPsf cgluGtL cg'ejx?sf] ;xf/fdf ;du| ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/LnfO{ lj;{g] / s]jn ;Qf k|flKtsf] jl/k/Lsf ultljlwx?df dfq
Wofg lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ qmddf, dfgj hfltsf]
d'lQmsf] vflt/ ;+3if{/t /xg] qmddf 3/af;ljxLg x'g] k|Zg, sltko cj:yfdf 3/kl/jf/
tyf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?af6 lj5f]8 x'g' kg]{ k|Zg, afa'cfdf Oi6ldq;“u b]vfe]6;Dd x'g
gkfpg] k|Zg, xhf/f} b"v si6af6 kLl8t x'g'kg]{ k|Zg tyf kf6L{ hLjgdf k|jflxt
x“'b} hf“bf ;+slnt x“'b} hfg] tdfd tLtfld7f cg'ejsf k|Zgx? Pp6f qmflGtsf/Ldf
cfOkg]{ P]ltxfl;s ;d:ofx? x'g . t/, oL rLhx? dfq} ;j{xf/fs[t x'gsf nflu cfwf/e"t
dfkb08 xf]Ogg\ . ;j{xf/fs[t x'gsf nflu cfwf/e"t dfkb08 dfly pNn]lvt ef}lts
nufgLsf ;fy;fy} dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kynfO{ 7Ls lsl;dn] a'em\g],
To;nfO{ 7Ls lsl;dn] nfu" ug]{, k|lts"ntfnfO{ cg's"ntfdf jbNg
sf]lzz ug]{, qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf nflu ljBdfg k|lts"n cj:yfdf cg's"n
agfpg cfwf/e"t kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ / To;
k|lqmofdf cfd kf6L{ kª\tLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / To;cg';f/ cf– cfkm\gf] 7fp“df ;j{xf/f
cGt/f{i6«jfbsf cfwf/df qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; ug]{ s'/fx? k|d'v k|Zgx?
x'g\ .
dfn]dfjfb
/ k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts cfwf/e"lddf ;j{xf/f ju{n] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{
e"ldsfsf ;Gbe{df b]z leqsf] qmflGtnfO{ ;kmn kfg]{ tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f
cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpgsf nflu /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s, ;+u7gfTds Pjd\
;+3if{sf x/ If]qdf cu| k+lQmdf /xg' kg]{ x'“bf kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] s]Gb|Lo
gLltcGtu{t cfd sfo{stf{af6 Tof] sfdsf nflu ;[hgzLntfsf] dfu u/]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f]
kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_df g]t[Tjn] ck]Iff u/]sf] of] k|sf/sf] ;[hgzLntf cfd
sfo{stf{ dfq geP/ cfd hg;d'bfoaf6 ;d]t k|fKt x“'b} u/]sf]n] cfh xfd|f] dxfg\
hgo'4n] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf s}of} sLlt{dfg v8f ub}{ cfhsf] of] cj:yfdf
cfOk'u]sf] 5 .
km]l/
klg ;+u7gsf ljljw If]qx?df sfdsf bf}/fgdf sltko ;d:ofx? b]vfkg]{ u/]sf 5g . oL ;d:ofx?
sltko cj:yfdf ;fdfGo g} x'g ;S5g, t/ To;sf] cfwf/e"ld j}rfl/s c:ki6tf /
cGttM ju{:jfy{;“u hf]l8g] x'“bf ;dodf g} To; tkm{ Wofg lbg'k5{, / ;+3if{ / ?kfGt/0fsf]
k|s'ofåf/f ;dfwfg klg ub}{ hfg'k5{ . kf6L{leq nf}x cg'zf;g, ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]
nflu ;[hgzLntfsf] ljsf;, qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf nflu Tofu / jlnbfgsf] efjgfn] dfq
Tof] k|sf/sf ;d:ofx?;“u n8\g / To;sf] d'sfljnf ug{ ;lsG5 .
kf6L{sf]
;+3if{sf If]qdf b]vf kg]{ sltko ;d:ofx? o; k|sf/ /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltko
sfo{stf{x?df b]lvg] j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts Pj+ ;+u7gfTds ;d:ofsf ;Gbe{df k}bf x'g]
cGt/lj/f]wx?df To; If]qsf sltko g]t[Tj txsf ;fyLx?df To; ;d:ofnfO{ ;}4flGts Pj+
/fhg}lts 5nkmn, ax;jf6 ;dem\bf/Ldf ljsf; ug]{, sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ gbf]xf]/\ofpg pTk|l/t
ug]{ / dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts Pj+ /fhg}lts ;dembf/Ldf ljsf; u/L ;du|
nIo / p2]Zok|lt ;dflxt ug{ cfd sfo{stf{df Ps?ktf Nofpg] eGbf x/]s ljifonfO{
k|zf;lgs tl/sfn] xn ug{ vf]Hg] / To;sf nflu ;fyLx?sf aLr /x]sf cGt/lj/f]wx?af6}
kmfObf p7fpg vf]Hg] k|j[lQ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf sfo{stf{x?n] sltko cj:yfdf
sfo{stfx?nfO{ sfddf ;l/s u/fpg ;}4flGts Pjd\ /fhg}lts pTk|]/0ffeGbf ef}lts pTk|]0fflt/
a9L Wofg lbg] klg u5{g . of] k|j[lQn] sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;}4flGts Pj /fhg}lts pTk|]0ffn]
eGbf afWofTds kl/l:yltdf sfd ug{ ljjz agfpg] lbzflt/ 8f]/\ofp“5 . h;sf] kl/0ffd
;+u7gsf] cj;fg x'G5 / cfGbf]ng klg Wj+; eP/ hfg] x'G5 . bf]>f] s'/f of]
k|j[lQsf] csf]{ ;d:of gf]s/zfxL k|j'lQ xf] . of] k|sf/sf] g]t[Tjn] g s]jn
sfo{stf{nfO{ ;}4flGts dfGotfaf6 cnu ynu kf5{, p :jo+ klg To;af6 cnu ynu kg{ hfG5
/ cGtt p;sf] cfkm\g} e"ldsfsf] klg cjzfg x'g k'U5 . o; k|sf/sf sfo{stf{x?
cyjf Ps txsf g]t'TjbfoL JolQmTjx?n] hgtfsf] cufl8 gd| x'g], sfo{stf{af6 l;Sg] /
l;sfpg] s'/fdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ulx/f] cWoog ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . hglbzfsf af/]df
cWoog ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . kf6L{sf] cfjZostf / sfo{stf{sf] Ifdtfsf] aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w
klxNofpg / To;sf] j}1flgs tl/sfn] ;dfwfg ug]{ ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ klg cfjZos x'G5
.
kf6L{
/ qmflGtsf] cfjZostf / ;+u7gsf] IfdtfsfaLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w w]/} k]lrnf] x'G5 .
Psflt/ ;Lldt hgzlQm tyf ;Lldt phf{n] w]/} sfdx? kmQ] ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, csf]{lt/
Tof] ;Lldt phf{sf] kl/rfng ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf d'tfljs ug{ vf]Hbf Toxf“ cfTdut
Pjd\ j:t'ut oyfy{;“u d]n vfg] tdfd ;}4flGts Pjd\ /fhg}lts ljifodf k|i6 x'g ;s]g
eg] Tof] hgzlQmn] To;sf] ef/ y]Ug} g;s]/ csf]{ rf]6L sfd} ug{ g;lsg] x'G5 . o:tf]
cGt/lj/f]wn] b'O{j6f sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ hGd lbg] x'G5 . Pp6f cj:yfdf ;fdfGo cGt/lj/f]wnfO{
klg zq'tfk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]wdf jbnL lbg] sdhf]/L / csf]{ cj:yfdf cfjZostfsf
gfddf c;}4flGts d]ndf hf]8 lbO{ /fVg] sdhf]/L . oL b'j} sdhf]/Lx?n] xfd|f]
kf6L{sf] gLlt;“u d]n vf“b}gg\, / ltgLx?sf] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08ky;“u s'g} ;DjGw
5}g .
o;
k|sf/sf sfo{stf{x?df hgtfsf] aLrdf 3'nldn x'g] ;d:of csf]{ ;d:of xf] . hgtfsf]
aLrdf 3"nldn x'g] ;d:ofsf] h'g k|Zg 5 cGttM of] ;}4flGts /fhg}lts r]tgf Pjd\
k|ltj4tfs} k|Zg xf] . hgtfdf lge{/ x'g] s'/f hgtfsf nflu af]em x'g] eGg] xf]Og .
hgtfn] kf6L{sf] sfo{lbzf cg';f/ g]t[TjnfO{ kfpg ;s]g eg] Tof] Toxf“ af]em
e}xfNg] x'G5 . hxf“ kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{x? hgtf;“u df5f / kfgLsf] ;DaGwdf /x]sf
x'G5g\, Toxf“ hgtfsf cl;d phf{sf sf/0f 7"nf 7"nf sfdx? ;Dej x'G5g .
hgtf;“usf] 3'nldn / kfgL / df5fsf] ;DaGw eg]sf] cGttM tLg u/\ tLg gu/sf]
l;4fGt nfu' ug'{ eGg] g} xf] . dfS;{jfb nfu' u/ ;+zf]wgjfb xf]Og, v'nf / :ki6
xf]pm, 5n5fd gu/, ;“ul7t xf]p gkm'6 eGg] tLg u/ / tLg gu/sf] hf] dfcf]jfbL
l;4fGt 5 Tof] hgtf;“u 3'ndLn x'g] s'/fdf klg nfu" e}/x]sf] x'G5 . hgtfn]
l;4fGt hfgf];\ of ghfgf]; Jojxf/af6 p;n] sfo{stf{x? slt l;4fGtlgi6 5 eGg] s'/fsf]
gfktf}n u/L g} /x]sf] x'G5 . hgtf;“u 3'nldnsf] hf] k|Zg 5 To;;“u ;DalGwt csf]{
k|Zg xf] k|ltzf]w ;f“Wg] k|Zg . hgtf;“usf] 3'nldn ;fdflhs lj1fgsf cfwf/df
x'g ;s]g eg] Tof] 3'nldn cGttM hgtfdflysf] af]em / hgtf;“usf] 6s/fjdf kl/0ft
x'g k'U5 . Tolta]nf sltko sfo{stf{x?n] cfkm"nfO{ gx]/Lsg cfkm"eGbf
tnsf sfo{stf{dfly cg'zf;gsf] sfo{jfxL nfb\g] x'g k'U5 . hj g]t[Tjdfly g}
jf:tljstf s]xf] eGg] ljifodf k|Zg p7\g yfN5 tj Tof] g]t[Tjn] cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{
;}4flGts Pj+ /fhg}lts?kn] xn ug{ g;s]kl5 sfo{stf{x?dfly k|ltzf]wfTds tl/sfn]
cfjZos eGbf a9L sfo{jfxL yf]kg{ k'u]sf] kfOG5 . o; k|sf/sf] sfo{jfxLn]
d}qLk"0f{ cGt/ ;+3if{nfO{ zq'tfk"0f{ cGt/;+3if{df jbnL lbG5 / s;}nfO{
;'w|gsf nflu eGbf emg\ a9L gsf/fTds lbzflt/ ljsf; ug{ jftfj/0f agfOlbg] u5{ . lg/Gt/
gLltut ?kn] sdhf]/L ug]{x? dfly sfo{jfxL x'G5 / ha sdhf]/L ug]{n] To;jfkt
sfo{jfxL ef]uL /x]sf] x'G5, p;n] cfkm"nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{sf nflu /fhg}lts Pj+
;}4flGts cWoog, 5nkmn, ax; / To;cg';f/sf] Jojjxf/ u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ z'4Ls/0f
ug'{k5{ . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq sfo{jfxL h'g;'s} k|s'ltsf] lsg gxf]; Tof] p;nfO{ ;'wfg{sf
nflu ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;'w|g] s'/f :jo+ sdhf]/L ug]{sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . ;'w|gsf
nflu plrt jftfj/0f t}of/ ug'{, x/]s ljifox?dfly /fhg}lts Pjd\ ;}4flGts ax;af6
uNtL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ sxflg/ ;Rofpg' k5{ eGg] k|:6 kfg'{ g]t[Tjsf] bfloTj leq k5{ .
cfjZos 5nkmn ax;sf] k|lqmof eGbf aflx/ ;'w|g' k5{ eGg] gfddf sltkonfO{ kfpk/L
lbg'k5{ eGg] lsl;dsf] dfu ug]{ k|j[lQ klg o:tf s]xL sfo{stf{df kfOG5 . ;du|df
of] Pp6f vt/gfs k|j[lQ xf] . of] k|j[lQ x's{b} uof] eg], cyjf o:tf] k|j[lQ
g]t[TjbfoL c+udf k'Ub} ;dfhjfb;Dd k'Uof] eg] ;dfhdf k|ltqmflGt x'g s'g} j]/ nfUg]
5}g . To; sf/0f ;a} sfo{stf{x?n] cfkm"leq /x]sf oL ;a} k|j[lQsf lj?4 ;+3if{
ug{ / cfkm"nfO{ z'4Ls/0f ub}{ n}hfg cToGt} cfjZos x'G5 .
7Ls
To;}u/L csf]{ txsf sfo{stf{ tyf g]tfx?df csf]{ k|sf/sf] sdhf]/Lx? b]lvg] u5{ .
Tof] xf] sfdsf] bf}/fgdf uNtL ug]{ t/ uNtL ePsf] s'/fnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf
g:jLsfg]{ . Tof] uNtLnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ cg]sg s"ts{x?sf] hf]8hf8 of ck|f;+lus
s'/fx?sf] km]xl/:t k]z ug'{ . sfdsf] bf}/fgdf sdhf]/L x'g' :jefljs xf], t/ sdhf]/L
ePsf] s'/f g:jLsfg'{n] lgotj; sdhf]/L u/]sf] eGg] x'G5 / To;sf] kl/0ffd cToGt
3fts x'G5 . clg To;n] To; k|sf/sf] uNtLnfO{ 5f]k5fk ug{sf nflu c? uNtLx? ul//xg
clgjfo{ agfp“5 / ;+u7gleq unt k|j[lQnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ k'Ub5 . of] k|sf/sf] sdhf]/Ln]
;+u7gleq Pp6f c/fhstfsf] l:ylt k}bf ug]{ x'G5 . of] k|sf/sf] sdhf]/Lsf] csf]{
kf6f] xf] uNtL ug]{, Tof] uNtL :jLsfg]{, km]l/ uNtL ug]{ km]l/ klg :jLsfg]{ .
clg uNtL u/]sf] eg]/ :jLsf/] kl5 cfTdfcfnf]rgf klg ug]{ . hltrf]6L uNtL ul/G5
Tolt g} rf]6L cfTdfcfnf]rgf klg ug]{ . uNtL – :jLsf/f]lQm–cfTdfnf]rfsf] of]
cgGt k|s'ofaf6 o;/L cufl8 a9\g] ls Toxf“ g :jLsf/f]lQsf] s'g} cy{ /xG5 g
cfTdfnf]rgfsf] . of] uNtL u/]kl5 :jLsfg]{ / cfTdfnf]rgf ug]{ rqmdf l/lu+g] /
uNtL u/]kl5 Hofg uP g:jLsfg]{ k|j[lQ ;dfg ?kdf Pp6} sdhf]/Lx? x'g\ cyjf logLx?
uNtLsf b'O{ kf6fx? x'g . oL b'j} uNtLsf] k|s[lt Pp6} xf] .
o;k|sf/sf
uNtL sdhf]/Lx?n] ;+u7gnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf ljsf; ug{ lbb}g . sdhf]/Lsf k|s[ltx?
Dffqf / u'0fsf lx;fan] km/s km/s x'g] u5{g . Pp6f sdhf]/L Jofjxfl/s ?kn] x'g]
sdhf]/L xf] . bf]>f] sdhf]/L ;}4flGts ?kn] x'g] sdhf]/L xf] . Jofjxfl/s ?kn]
x'g] sdhf]/L kl/l:ylthGo of ;}4flGts 1fgsf] cefj of kf6L{sf] sfo{lbzf of
kf6L{sf] cfjZostf / hgkl/rfngsf] gLlt ;DaGwL 1fgsf] cefjdf x'g ;S5 . ;}4flGts
sdhf]/L hfgfhfg kf6L{sf] gLtL ljk/Lt ul/G5, of ;fdfGo cGt/lj/f]wnfO{
zq'tfk"0f{ cj:yfdf k'/\ofOG5, of dfgf} c1fgtfa; g} eP5 eg] klg ha 5nkmn,
ax;af6 of] ;}4flGts sdhf]/L xf] eGg] s'/fsf] jf]w e};s]kl5 cfkmgf xs{tk|lt c8\8L
sl;G5, Tof] ;}4flGts sdhf]/Lleq k5{ / of] k|j[lQn] JolQmjfbL c/fhstfjfbnfO{ hGd
lbG5 . of] vfnsf] sdhf]/Ln] ldqjt cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ hah{:t?kdf zq'tfk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]wdf
jbnL lbG5 .
oL
;a} sdhf]/Lx?sf] j}1flgs ;dfwfg hgjfbL s]lGb|otfsf] cfwf/df ;+u7gnfO{ kl/rfng ug'{,
sdhf]/Lx?k|lt cfnf]rgf, cfTdfcfnf]rf ug'{ / x/]s ljifonfO{ dfn]dfjfb /
k|r08kysf] s;Ldf /fv]/ cWoog ug'{ / To; k|sf/sf sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ k'gM gbf]xf]/\ofpg'
x'G5 . ;fy} qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] bfloTj x/]s uNtL sdhf]/Lx?df To;sf] cfwf/ s] xf],
To;sf] sf/s tTj s] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] cg';Gwfg / To;sf] j}1flgs ;dfwfg vf]Hg' klg
x'G5 . ! d] @))%
nId0f
kGt
;'wf/
/ 6fn6'n xf]Og, cfd"n kl/jt{g cyf{t ank"j{s k'/fgf] /fHo;QfnfO{ ºof“Sg'jfx]s
g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{] s'g} ljsNk 5}g eGg] s'/f d'n'ssf] Oltxf; / jt{dfgn]
;of}+ k6s ;fljt u/]sf] 5 . zf]if0fdf cfwfl/t ;dfhnfO{ ;'wf/ jf 6fn6'n tl/sfn]
xf]Og , ank"j{s lx+;fTds qmflGt, ju{ ;+3if{ / ;j{xf/fjuL{o clwgfosTjsf]
af6f]af6 dfq abNg ;lsG5 eGg] dfS;{jfbL lzIffnfO{ g} cfh g]kfnsf 36gfqmdx?n]
zfgbf/ ?kdf k'li6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . csf{]lt/, ag{:6Lg, sfpT:sL, v'|Zr]e / b]+uh:tf
;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] b]vfPsf] ;+emf}tf, ;dGjo, ;'wf/sf] af6f]af6 d'n'snfO{ ?kfGt/0f
ug{ ;lsGg eGg] tYo klg 36gfqmdx?af6 TolQs} hf]8bf/ ?kdf k6s k6s k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf]
5 . o;s} kl/0ffd xf] ls cfh d'n'sdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf/Lx?n] cjnDag u/]sf] qmflGtsf/L
af6f] Pskl5 csf{] u/L ljzfn / km/flsnf] x'“b}5 eg] ;'wf/jfbL af6f], ;+zf]wgjfbL
af6f] olt ;f“3'l/b} uPsf] 5 ls ca Tof] lanfpg], x/fpg] jf efl;g] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L v]dfsf] pT;fx / hf]zn] tyf ;'wf/jfbL v]dfdf JofKt lg/fz,
knfogn] o;} s'/fnfO{ cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 .
lz/b]lv kfp;Dd /fodfemL alg;s]sf]
zfxL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ lgs6 a'waf/ ;fKtflxssf] kmfu'g % / kmfu'g @@ sf]
c+sdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ / o;sf] g]t[Tjk|lt nlIft cToGt cfklQhgs,
clzi6 / If'b| ;dfrf/ tyf n]v k|sflzt ul/Psf 5g\ . To;af6 k|ydtM t o; s'/fdf s'g}
z+sf /xg uPsf] 5}g ls qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv d"Nofs+g u/] h:t}
Pdfn] ca lz/b]lv kfp;Dd zfxL sDo'lgi6 alg;s]sf] 5 . lsgls df3 !( ut]sf] /fhfsf]
3f]if0ffsf] …efjgf / dd{Ú cg'?k g} oL ;dfrf/ / n]vx? cfPsf x'g\ . g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf] cu'jfO{df bzjif{ k"j{ ;+rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4n]
cfh qmflGtsf/L dfS;{jfb / ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] s;Lsf ?kdf dfcf]jfbnfO{ :yflkt
ul/lbPsf] 5 . ;+;f/el/sf qmflGtsf/Lx?n], zf]lift pTkLl8t hg;d'bfon] dhb'/ju{sf]
d'lStsf] bz{g dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ;jf{]Rr lzv/ dfcf]jfbnfO{ cToGt cfb/ / ;Ddfgsf
?kdf x]5{g . dfcf]sf] lgwgkl5 k]?, ef/t, 6sL{ nufotsf d'n'sx?df ;+rflnt hgo'4n]
:yflkt ul/lbPsf …gS;njfbÚ / …zfOlgª kyÚ h:tf kbfjlnx?nfO{ ;d]t ;dflxt ub{}
dfcf]jfb cfh PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] qmflGtsf] lj1fgsf] ?kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbn] ;fd|fHojfbL lzlj/df e'sDk NofOlbPsf] 5 eg] ;+;f/e/L qmflGtsf/L v]dfdf
pT;fx / t/¨ ;[li6 ul/lbPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfb hlt–hlt :yflkt x'“b}5 To;sf lj?4
Tolt–Tolt g} cfqmd0f s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] 5 . lsgeg] dfcf]jfb cfhsf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb
xf] . Pdfn]sf] dfcf]jfbLx?k|ltsf] cfqmd0ftfnfO{ a'‰g] qmddf bf];|f] s'/f s] xf]
eg] Pdfn]sf] hGd / ljsf; ;+zf]wgjfbL kmf]xf]/sf] 8'+u'/af6 ePsf] xf] . Pdfn]sf]
j}rfl/s cfwf/lznf dfcf]jfb xf]Og, b]+ukGy xf]
. To;}n] g} cfh Pdfn] hdft dfcf]T;]t'ª / pxf“sf] ;Rrf / of]Uo pQ/flwsf/L
g]=s=kf -dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ dfcf]jfbL xf]Og eGg] w[i6tf ub{}5 . g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
cu|b:tf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ …k|r08k+yLÚ ;d"x eg]/ cfh
Pdfn]n] b/af/ / p;sf] e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfn] qmflGtsf/Lx? lj?4 u/]sf] b'ik|rf/nfO{ ;d]t
pl5g]sf] 5 . of] b]+ukGyL Pdfn]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbdf ktgsf] k/fsfi7f xf], clGtd
56k6L xf] . tdfdvfn] k|ltlqmofjfbLx?, ;+zf]wgjfbLx?, gj;+zf]wgjfbLx?;“u hLjg
d/0fsf] eLif0f ju{;+3if{sf] qmdaf6 cfh g]kfnL qmflGt /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
;+3f/df cfO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnL v'|Zr]eL / b]+uk+yLx?sf] sNkgfsf] ;dfhsf rf/lbjf/Lx?
wdfwd Wj:t eO;s]sf 5g\ . hgo'4n] Pskl5 csf{] j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts / kmf}hL ljho
xfl;n ub{} cl3 a9]sf] 5 . a? c;lnot t s] xf] eg] cfh g]kfnL qmflGtsf] k|sfzn] ;+zf]wgjfbsf]
e|ddf /x]sf nfvf}+ hg;d'bfo, xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{ / ;of}+ g]tfx?nfO{ qmflGtsf/L
r]tgfn] n}; agfp“b} qmflGtsf/L lsQfdf nfda4 u/fPsf] 5 . l;+uf] Pdfn] o:tf Pp6f
lg/Lx ;+u7gdf ?kfGtl/t ePsf] 5 hf];“u hgtf / sfo{stf{x? 5}gg\ . Pdfn] g]t[Tj
d08nL /fhwfgLleq Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"xdf ;Lldt aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . oxL g} p;sf]
lrGtf / 56k6Lsf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] . Pdfn]sf] of] lrGtf / 56k6L c/0o/f]bgsf ?kdf
If'b|tfsf ;fy o;/L cleJQm eO/x]sf] s'/f k|i6 5 . csf{]lt/ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]
g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4 ljhosf] lbzflt/ lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . hgo'4 s/f]8f}+
zf]lift pTkLl8t hgtfsf] hLjgrof{ ag]sf] 5 . d'n'sleq xf]Og hgo'4nfO{ cfh
;+;f/el/sf qmflGtsf/Lx? zf]lift–pTkLl8t hg;d'bfo / dhb'/ ju{n] cfzf pT;fx /
d'lQmsf] eljio / ;kgfsf ?kdf x]l//x]sf 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfbL j}/Lsf] lsNnfdf ;d]t
o;n] To;/L g} wfjf af]ln/x]sf] 5 . o;/L g]kfnsf] hgo'4 g]kfnsf] ljlzi6tfaf6 ;fj{ef}ldstftkm{
tLj| j]udf cl3 a9]sf] 5 . of] ;j{JofkL / ;j{:jLs[t aGg] k|lqmoftkm{ pGd'v 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL
/ ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] o;nfO{ rfx]/ klg /f]Sg ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . of] jf:tljstf xf]
. o;nfO{ Psflt/ kG5fP/ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ …k|r08kGyL ;d'xÚsf ?kdf kl/eflift ug{'
vf]Hg' b]+ukGyL Pdfn]sf] d'v{tf xf] . a? jf:tljstf t of] xf] ls b]+ukGyL Pdfn]
g} hgtfaf6 lj:yflkt eP/ Pp6f ;fgf] 8km\kmfdf ;Lldt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ktgsf] ;+3f/df
plePsf] 5 . ?;, rLgsf] Oltxf;n] ;+zf]wgjfbsf] o:t} b'vb ktgnfO{ g} k'li6 ul/;s]sf]
5 . b]+ukGyL / dfcf]jfb lj/f]wL hx/sf] ;fO8Okm]S6s} kl/0ffd xf] ls cfh /fhfn]
;+s6sfn x6fPnuQ} c? /fhgLlts bnx?n] /fhfsf] Tof] sbdnfO{ yk if8\oGq 7x/ ub{5g\
eg] Pdfn] g]t[Tjn] eg] Tof] sbdnfO{ ;sf/fTds b]Vg k'Ub5 .
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_n]
ljut bz jif{df eLif0f ju{;+3if{ / cGt/;+3if{af6 u'lh|b} dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf]
/Iff, k|of]u / ljsf;df gof“ gof“ cg'ejx? xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . oL P]ltxfl;s lzIff
/ cg'ejx? k|r08kysf ?kdf ;+Zn]lzt ul/Psf 5g\ . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb /
k|r08ky g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGt ag]sf] 5 . o;sf] ljsf; ljz]if u/L
g]kfnL ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 eLif0f ;+3if{af6 ePsf] xf] . g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{ 3[0ff,
lt/:sf/ / cfqmf]zsf ;fy Pdfn]dfsf{ ;+zf]wgjfb lj?4 ju{;+3if{df s;/L nfda4 eof]
Tof] s'/f s= k|r08n] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cd]l/sfsf] d'vkq l/ef]No'zg/L js{/
sL ;+jfbbftf ln cf]g]i6f]nfO{ cGt/jftf{ lbg] qmddf pxf“af6 o;/L cleJoSt ePsf]
5 . æd]/f] d'Vo hf]8 s] df 5 eg] d}+n] ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ 3[0ff u5{' . d}+n] ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{
u+eL/ ?kdf 3[0ff u5{' . /, d ;+zf]wgjfb;“u slxNo} klg ;Demf}tf ulb{g . d}+n]
;+zf]wgjfblj?4 ;+3if{ u/]+ . kf6L{sf] ;xL sfo{lbzf ;+zf]wgjfb;“u ;+3if{sf]
qmddf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . d ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ u+eL/ ?kdf 3[0ff u5{' .Æ
ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;n]
xfdLnfO{ ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf] s;/L
cjd"Nog u5{g eGg] af/]df k|r'/ ;fdu|L pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ;+zf]wgjfbn] slxNo}
klg qmflGtsf/L ljrf/sf] dxTj a'‰g ;Sb}g . qmflGtsf/L ljrf/nfO{ of t vf/]h ul/lbG5
of To;sf] cjd"Nog u5{, dxTjfxLg jf ljs[t agfp“5 . zfxL sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ Pdfn] b]+ukGyL ljrf/af6 lgb{]lzt 5 . t;y{ p;n] ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tf
aGg cu|;/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ k|r08k+yLsf] cf/f]k nufPsf] 5 .
rLgdf k|ltqmflGtsf] ;+:yfks b]+u lk+un] s;/L lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
dfu{bz{s l;4fGt dfcf] ljrf/wf/sf] cjd"Nog u/]sf] lyof] o;af/]df b]+us} egfO{
oxf“ k|:t't ug{' pko'St x'g]5 .
dfcf]
T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ;xL 9+un] k|rf/ ug{] ;Gbe{df d}+n] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf cGo sd/]8x?
aLr ;fGb'+u / ltoflhgdf rrf{ u/]sf] 5' . lxhf] d}+n] of] ljifo cWoIf dfcf] T;]
t'ª ;dIf /fv]+ . pxf“ lgDg ljrf/df ;xdt x'g'x'G5 . k|yd, d'Vo ;d:of oltv]/ s]
xf] eg] dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ljs[t agfOPsf] 5 . x/]s ;kmntfnfO{ dfcf]
T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/f;“u hf]8\g] ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu olb s'g} k;ndf ljqmLsf]
dfqf a9\of] eg] dflg;x?n] eGg] u5{g, of] dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/sf] ljsf; xf]
tyf oxf“;Dd ls dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/f 6]lg;sf] v]ndf klg nfu" x'g]
atfOG5 . bf];|f], dflg;x?n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ljifodf gu0o s'/fx? u5{g= .
w]/} h;f] cvaf/x?df k|fozM o:t} k|j[lQ b]lvG5 . of] k|Zg p7fpg' xfdLnfO{ lsg
h?/L 5 < dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf] ;xL ;demsf nflu of] k|Zg p7fpg' h?/L 5 .
lsg ls dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/sf b'O{ j6f kIf 5g\ – dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] /Iff
/ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf] ljsf; oL b'j} Pp6} / ;dfg
rLh x'g\ . dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/f ;fj{ef}d xf]Og t/ klg o;n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf]
vhfgfdf gof“ s'/f hf]8L lbPsf] 5 . To;}n]
xfdLn] dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb;“u 5'6\ofpg' x'“b}g .
o; ;Gbe{df xfdLn] dfS;{jfb n]lggjfbsf] cWoognfO{ klg TolQs} dxTj lbg] eg]/ hf/L
ul/Psf] s]GbLo ;dltsf] !*! g+= sf] lgb{]zgnfO{ kfng ug{' kb{5 . To;f] t xfdLn]
dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf] dfq klg pNn]v ug{ ;S5f}+ t/ xfdLn] slxNo} klg dfS;{jfb–
n]lggjfbsf cfwf/e"t lzIffx?nfO{ la;{g x'“b}g .
xfn} s]xL sd/]8x?n] dfcf] T;] t'ª
ljrf/wf/fn] /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] cWoogdf dfu{bz{ssf] sfd u5{ eg]/ ;Nnfx lbP . of]
;xL xf] ls sd/]8 dfcf] T;] t'ªn] /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] l;4fGtnfO{ ljsl;t ug{'ePsf]
5 . t/, dfS;{ / P+u]N;sf] l;4fGt cyjf …k"“hLÚ nfO{ g} xfdLn]
k"“hLjfbnfO{ a'‰gdf cfwf/ agfpg' k5{ . o;/L g} ;fd|fHojfbsf] cWoog ubf{
n]lgg / :6flngnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg' k5{ . sd/]8 dfcf] T;] t'ªn] To;df ljsf; t ug{'
ePsf] 5, h:tf] pxf“sf] sfuhL af3sf] l;4fGt . t/ klg k"“hL / ;fd|fHojfb,
k"“hLjfbsf] clGtd r/0fsf s'/fx? dfcf] eGbf klxn] g} n]lgg :6flngaf6
cfO;s]sf s'/f x'g\ . dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ s;/L x]g{] < of] gLltut s'/f
xf] . xfdLn] dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ljs[t / e|i6 kfg{' x'“b}g . o;n] cGt/f{li6«o
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] 5 .
=== dfcf] T;] t'ª ljrf/wf/fsf]
em08fnfO{ p“rf p7fpg' k5{, t/ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] sLdtdf dfcf] T;] t'ª
ljrf/wf/fdf dfq hf]8 lbOof] eg] xfdLnfO{ t nfUg ;S5 ls xfdLn] o;sf] ljsf; ul//x]sf
5f}+, t/ o;f] u/]/ xfdLn] jf:tjdf o;sf] cjd"nog ul//x]sf x'g]5f}+ .
;fd"lxs g]t[Tjsf] k|Zgdfly
klg pko'St a}7sx?df ax; ul/g' kb{5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjsf] cEof;
ub{5 tyf s= dfcf] T;] t'ª o; ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjsf k|ltlglw x'g'x'G5 . xfd|f]
kf6L{ sf g]tf x'g'x'G5 . pxf“sf] x}l;ot / e"ldsf ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjsf
cGo ;fwf/0f ;b:ox? eGbf a]Un} 5 . t/ xfdLn] pxf“nfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 cnu
a'‰g' x'“b}g . / pxf“sf] jf:tljs e"ldsfnfO{ xfdLn] cfTd;ft ug{' kb{5
. =============== -Mb]+u ;+slnt /rgf efu —! af6 cg'lbt_
b]+ukGyL
Pdfn]n] g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ / To;sf g]tf lj?4 nufPsf] cf/f]k
slt gLr, lg+bgLo / If'b| 5, b]+u lzof]cf] lk+usf pk/f]St egfO{x?af6 :ki6 x'G5 .