;Gbe{M cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf]

k|;+uM pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf / hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] dfGotfsf]

– ?k]zs'df/ d}gfnL

æolb x/]s /fHo;Qf Ps ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] ;Eotf >[hgf ug{ jf p;nfO{ sfod /fVg s]xL l/lt–l/jfh lgis[o kfg{ jf leq cfrf/ ljrf/sf] k|;f/ ug{ rfxG5 eg] of] p2]Zo k|flKtsfnflu sfg"g g} pko'Qm ;fwg aGg ;Sb5Æ –cG6f]lgof] u|fD;L M ;f+:s[lts cf}/ /fhg}lts lrGtg s] a'lgofbL ;/f]sf/, lxGbL @))@

e"ldsfM

        sfg"g s]jn zflGtsfnsf] Ph]08f dfq x}g o'4 jf qmflGtsfndf klg o;sf] cfjZostf t k5{ g} pkof]lutf / cf}lrTo k'li6 ug]{ clt pQd dfWod klg sfg"g g} x'g] ub{5 . sltko k|Zg o:tf x'G5g\ h;nfO{ o'4, qmflGt jf /fhg}lts ax;n] dfq} ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsGg To:tf k|Zg sfg"gn] ;xh} ;dfwfg ul/lbG5, en} Tof] sfg"g ljb|f]xLs} x}l;otdf agfOPsf] lsg gxf];\ cyjf k|ltlqmofjfbL jf k'/fgf] ;Qf jf k'“hLjfbL dfGotfdf alg/x]s} sfg"g klg x'g ;Sb5 g]kfnL wlt{df ;+rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4sf] kl/0ffd:j?k gof“ ;Qf ;dfgfGt/ ;QF ljZj;fd" gof“ r'gf}tLsf?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 . of] r'gf}tL jfx\ ljZjnfO{ t v'Nnf sf;gsf ;fy lbPs} 5 7Ls ToxL :t/df :jo+ cfkm}tkm{ klg r'gf]tL v8f u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] ;femf ;"q ag]sf] 5 cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g . oxL cfwf/sf], oxL hudf pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf / hgu0ftGq g]kfn plePsf] 5 . hgu0ftGq g]kfn cyf{t pbLodfg gof“ ;Qfn] s]xL k|Zg ljZj;fd" v8f u/]sf] 5, ;+u;+u} ljZj ;d'bfon] klg hgu0ftGq g]fkn jf pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf;fd" To:t} k|Zgx? v8f u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] hjfkmk|lt hjfkm o;} cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf dd{, dfGotf / ;f] sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df cfbfg k|bfg ug{ h?/L 5 . o;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f] s]nfpg] ;+lIfKt k|of; o; cfn]vdf u/]sf] 5' .

ljifo k|j]z M

        æk|To]s qmflGtsf] cfwf/e"t k|Zg eg]sf] /fHo;Qfsf] k|Zg xf] . of] k|ZgnfO{ a'lemPg eg] qmflGtdf a'l4dQfk"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g} ;Sb}g, qmflGtsf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ t emg\ s'/} 5f]8f}+Æ eGg] n]lggsf] o; plQmnfO{ cfTd;ft ubf{ x/ t/xn] /fHo;Qfsf] ;kmn / ;km]b lrq h'g;'s} a]nf klg qmflGtdf ;xefuL x'g] jf /ldtf x]/L lsgf/fdf a:g] ;a}sf ljefudf emNsfO/xg' kb{5 . o:tf] /fHo;Qfsf] lrq qmflGt ug'{ k"j{, qmflGtsfn / qmflGtsf clGtd ljhosf 38L;Dd klg b]vfO/xg ;Sg' k5{ / qmflGt ;DkGgtfsf x/]s r/0f r/0fdf Tof] qmflGtaf6 k|fKt /fHo;Qfsf] lrq Jojxf/df klg b]lvb} hfg] cj:yfsf] >[hgf ug{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . lsgls k|To]s ;QfnfO{ k|To]s hgtfn] ;dy{g ug}{ k5{ eGg] s]xL h?/L 5}g . a? k|To]s hgtfn] k|To]s qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngk|lt k|Zg ug]{, k|Zgsf] hjfkmaf6 ;Gt'i6 ePkl5 ;efuL aGg] xs k|fKt ub{5g\ . of] k|;+u g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtsf lat]sf * jif{df klg k|i6 b]lvPsf] 5 . x/]s r/0fdf z+sf / ljZjf; b'a} b]lvPsf] 5 / of] qmd qmflGt ;DkGg gx'“bf;Dd lg/Gt/ hf/L /xg] 5 . hgjfbL qmflGtsf ;f/yLx?sf] bfloTj x/]s kIfnfO{ ljZjf;df lng', ljZjf;df lng] j:t'ut cfwf/sf] ;xf/f lng' / d'Vo b'Zdgsf lj?4 hd]/ pkof]u ug'{ g} x'g]5 . clxn] g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;fd" Tof] bfloTj cem} ylkPsf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L kIF / qmflGt lj/f]wL kIF b'a}sf] lx:;f ;fgf] 5, b'a}lt/ gnfu]sf aLrsf] lx:;f ;aeGbf 7"nf] 5, Tof] lx:;fdf ax'dt cfh{g gu/];Dd qmflGt lg0ff{os ljhodf k'Ug ;Sb}g of] klg oyfy{ xf] . o; lx;fan] klg cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g o;sf dd{ / dfGotfx?sf] k|;+u emg\ k|f;+lus aGg hfg]5g\ tfls cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dd{ / dfGotfsf lx;fan] g]kfnL hgo'4 / ;f]sf] andf ;yflkt pbLodfg hg;QFn] ljZj;fd" /fv]sf k|Zg hfoh 5g\ . ;f]sf] ;sf/fTds hjfkm lbg ljZj ;d'bfo jfWo 5 eGg] bjfj kg{ ;sf];\ . ;fy;fy} pbLodfg gof“ ;QFn] cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dd{ / dfGotfsf cfwf/df cfºgf] bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] 5 eg] s'/fsf] jsfnt klg ul/g h?/L 5 . ;f] klg e}b]cf];\ o;} bf];f“wdf plePsf] 5 pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf / hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] dfGotfsf] k|Zg .

cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gs} k|;+u M

        x'gt æcGt/f{li6«o sfg"g sdhf]/ sfg"gÆ sf ?kdf k|l;4 5 . tyflk of] s'g} ;}Go an lagfsf] sfg"g eP klg of] g}lts ano'Qm sfg"g xf] eGg] klg ul/G5 . o;} g}lts ano'Qm ePs} sf/0f (÷!! kl5 So"jfsf] Ujf06fgfdf] vf8Ldf aGbL agfOPsf JolQmnfO{ kqsf/ / jlsnx?nfO{ e]6\g lbg jfWo ePsf] / O/fsd} aGbLk|lt b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ cd]l/sL ;}lgs lj?4 b]vfj6L g} eP klg sfjf{xL ug{ k/]sf] l:yltsf cnfjf k]? sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf cWoIf 8f=cljdfon u'hdfgdflysf] !@÷!$ jif{ kl5 cbfntdf ;'g'jfO{ ug{ jfWo ePsf] 36gfn] of] s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . h] xf];\ cGt/f{li6«o hgdt lgdf{0f ug]{, ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ / To;sf] a}wtf cj}wtfdf lg0f{o ul/g] k|;+un] cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/s, ef}lts jf g}lts h'g;'s}?kdf eP klg ^ cj{ ljZj hg;+Vofsf ;fd" @=% s/f]8 hgtf ePsf] ;fgf] / cljsl;t d'n's g]kfndf ;+rflnt qmflGt, :yflkt hg;Qf jf pbLodfg gof“ ;QFsf xsdf klg c;/ gkfg]{ k|Zg} p7\b}g . t;y{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] k|;¨ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] o; 38Ldf Ps dxŒjk"0f{ kf6f] x'g] s'/fdf b'Odt x'g ;Sb}g .

cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf bfo/fdf ljb|f]xLx?sf] l:ylt M

        x/]s ljb|f]x, qmflGt jf ;+3if{sf] k|Zg /fHo;Qf;+u} hf]l8Psf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f bf]xf]¥ofO/xg' kg]{ ljifo xf]Og . To;df klg g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;+rfns dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx?sf k|;+udf s'/f ug'{kbf{ 3f]lift?kdf gof“ hgjfbL /fHo;Qfs} lglDt xltof/ p7fPsf] ljb|f]xL zlQm xf], h;n] k'ugk'u Ps bzssf] cjlwdf ;dfgfGt/ ;Qf dfq} grnfP/ s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf sAhf ug]{ clGtd r/0f /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; l:yltdf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf b[li6df p;sf] x}l;ot s] xf] gfdf+sg ug{ h?/L 5 . l:ylt :ki6 5 / l;+u} /fHo;Qfsf] xsbf/sf] j}wtf bfjL ug]{ cj:yfdf 5 cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf b[li6df / Rebelian, Insergent dfq} geP/ Beligerance xf] cyf{t :yfoL k|ltkIfsf] :yfgdf pm k'u]sf] 5 . k|;+u oltdfq}n] k'Ub}g l;+u} /fHo;Qfsf] dfGotfsf] dfu ljZj;fd" ul//x]sf] l:yltdf p;sf] l:ylt cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf;fd" pm :yfoL cfdlGqtsf] :yfg k|fKt ug]{ cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . hlta]nf lagf /fHo / lagf j}w k|ltlglw klg ofl;/ c/fkmft tyf cZj]t g]tf g]nzg d08]nf ljZj ;d'bfodf oxL l:yltdf :yfoL cfdlGqt :yfg /fVby] .

cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / /fHosf] dfGotfsf] k|Zg M

       pbLodfg gof“ ;QFsf tkm{af6 jiff}+ cufl8b]lv g} cfkm" g} g]kfnsf] a}w k|ltlglw ePsf] / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k|ltlglwTj clwsf/ cj}w e};s]sfn] ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3 nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o dGrx?df gof“ ;Qfsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ dfGotf lbg / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k|ltlglwTj vf/]h ug{ bfjfsf;fy kqfrf/ e};s]sf] 5 . o;sf] Jojxfl/s hjfkm gcfpg' Pp6f k|Zg xf] t/ cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotf s] xf] Tof] csf]{ k|Zg xf] . cem cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotfsf] k|Zg g} Psdfq / d"n k|Zg xf] . s'g} klg gof“ /fHosf] dfGotfsf lglDt cfwf/e"t ?kdf $ tŒj cfjZos kb{5g\ h;df e"ld, hg;+Vof, ;/sf/ / dfGotf kb{5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gåf/f ck]lIft $ dWo tLg tŒj gof“ ;QFsf ;fd" sfod 5g\ . cyf{t gof“ ;QF clwg:t s"n e"–efusf] *) k|ltzt e"ld lgoGq0fdf 5 . ;f] e"–efusf hgtf 5g\ / *) k|ltzt e"–efu cf]u6]sf] ;/sf/ klg 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljZj ;d'bfosf cufl8 dfGotf lbg' kg]{ bjfj a9\g' k5{ . cyft{ gof“ ;QFn] cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf $ cfwf/e"t tŒj dWo] dfGotf afx]s ;a} k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 eGg] k'li6 x'G5 . hxf“;Dd dfGotfsf] klg k|Zg 5 :yfgLo?kdf dfGotf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 s]jn cf}krfl/s /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf k|fKt ug{ af“sL 5 eGg ;lsG5 . cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf gof“ ;Qfsf lglDt ge}gx'g] tYo xf] g,} t/ o;f] x'“bfx'“b} klg ljb|f]x / qmflGtaf6 :yflkt x'g] ;/sf/sf lglDt dfGotf k|fKt ug'{ cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf sl7g sfd cjZo xf] . lsgeg] qmflGt ;DkGg ePkZrft klg dfGotf k|fKt ug{ hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgnfO{ jiff}+ nfu]sf] lyof] . hasL qmflGt ;DkGg gx'“b} rLgsf] ;f]leot ;Qfn] League of Nations sf] ;b:otf dfu eg] ug{ 5f8]sf] lyPg . 7Ls o;}u/L g]kfnL wtL{df :yflkt gof“ ;Qfn] ljZj;fd" cfºgf bjfjx? bh{ u/]sf] 5 . lg/Gt/ tL bjfjx?df k|ltlqmof dflu /x“bf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] klg lg0f{o lng h?/L 5 . h;sf] cfwf/ lg;Gb]x cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / o;sf] dfGotf em}+ bfo/fleq}af6 x'g]5 .

dfGotfs} k|;+udf pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf ;fd" s]xL k|ZgM

        cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotfsf] k|Zg ljZj;fd" / pbLodfg gof“ ;QFsf;fd" Ps} / pxL :t/df k|:t't ug{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . s;}sf] kIf jf ljkIfdf cFTdut 9+un] k|:t't ePdf pQm cGt/f{li6«o c8fgsf] sfg"gL cfwf/ z"Go (Null & Void) sf] ts{ km]/L p7\g] g} 5 . cyf{t /fHosf] dfGotfsf lglDt gof“ ;QFn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ zt{x? ;a} k"/f ePsfn] dfGotf (Recognition) k|bfg ug{df ljZj;fd" bjfj a9\g' k5{ eg] em}+ gof“ ;QFsf ;fd" klg s]xL r'gf}tL / k|ZglrGxx? cjZo x'g] 5g\ . Tof] xf] /fHosf] dfGotfdf gof“ ;Qf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 jf 5}g / cGt/f{li6«o bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;IFdtf /fV5 jf /fVb}g ;f] hf“Rg kfpg] clwsf/ ljZj;d'bfo;fd" ;'/lIFt /xG5 . hlta]nf rLgdf :yflkt ;f]leotsf tkm{af6 /fi6«;+3sf] ;b:otfsf lglDt bfjL bh{ eof] ta /fi6« ;+3sf] tkm{af6 Litton Commission u7g e} /fi6« ;+3df k|ltj]bg k]z x'G5 / /fi6«;+3n] lrlgof“ ;f]leotnfO{ ;b:otf glbg] lg0f{o ub{5 . To;kl5 dfcf]T;]t'¨n] /fi6« ;+3 8f“sfx?sf] ;+3 xf] h;n] xfdLnfO{ ;b:otfaf6 a+lrt u¥of] egL efif0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] oL kl/36gfx?sf] /fd|/L cWoog x'g h?/L 5 . o;} cfwf/df pbLodfg gof“ ;QFsf ;fd" lgDg zt{x? t]l;{g] 5g\ .

–         hgjfbL 9+un] /fHosf lgsfox?sf] u7g, k"gu{7g / lgjf{rg k|lqmofsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] k|Zg .

–         ljlwsf] zf;gsf] k|Tofe"ltsf;fy} df}lns xs / st{Josf] 3f]if0ffsf] k|Zg .

–         ;Qf ;+rfngdf o;sf cjojx?sf] Jojl:yt ;+Rfng k|0ffnLsf] ;'lglZrttf .

–         cGt/f{li6«o, /fli6«o, bfloTj ;IFdtfk"j{s lgjf{x ug]{ k|Tofe"ltsf] k|Zg .

cGo s]xL ;fdoLs k|;+ux? M

— dflysf k|;+ux? sf]6\ofO/x“bf Psftkm{ cfzf / pT;fxsf] ;+Rff/ x'g]5 eg] csf]{tkm{ dgu9Gt] ts{sf] cfIF]k klg nfUg ;S5 . oL b'a} oyfy{ x'g\ . cem csf]{ oyfy{ t s] xf] eg] b'lg“of 7Ls b'O{ efudf ljeQm 5 . Psfy/Ln] gof“ ;Qfsf lglDt dfGotfsf] k|;+u ;'Gg} ;Sb}g p;sf lglDt of] ljifo chL0f{ x'G5 . csf{y/L km]/L dfGotf lsg rflxof] eGg] tKsf klg t x'g ;S5 . ts{ / k|;+u sf]6\ofpg ;a}sf lgldQ 5'6 5 t/ oyfy{ s] xf] eg] cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g km]l/Psf] 5}g cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotf pxL 5 . ha;Dd cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotf km]l/Psf] x'“b}g ta;Dd tL ;a} dfGotfx? hf] k|ultzLn 5g\, ;b'kof]u ug{ kl5 x6\g x'“b}g . gof“ ;Qf / dfGotfsf] ax; ljZj;fd" rNg rnfpg h?/L 5 . g]fkndf pbLodfg hg;QfnfO{ gof“ ;QFsf] dfGotf lbg] ls glbg] eg]/ ax; rNg' dfq} klg dfGotfsf] Ps cfwf/ xf] . x'g t d"n s'/f /fhgLlt xf] sfg"gL ts{n] ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lb+b}g eGg klg a]/ nfUb}g t/ sfg"g /fhgLlt eGbf aflx/ kg]{ ljifo x}g . a? ;Qf /fhgLlt cl3 eGbf a9L sfg"g g} xf] . o'4 qmflGt jf ljb|f]x ;a} s'/fsf] lgisif{ sfg"gL tj/af6} x'g h?/L 5 eGg] s'/fsf] pbfx/0f O/fsdflysf] cd]l/sL x:tIF]k ;2fdsf] kbRo"t eP k'Ug' kg]{ lyof] . t/ ;2fdsf] ;'g'jfO{ cfjZos 7flgof] . k]?sf ;fOlgªkfysf g]tf uf]~hfnf]sf] lu/tf/L sfkmL lyof] t/ k'u]g ;'g'jfO{ h?/L eof] . Tof] klg cj}w egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 7x/ x'“bf cfh km]/L ;'g'jfO{ ug}{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . t;y{ cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfsf] k|;+u;+u hf]l8Psf s]xL ;fdoLs k|;+ux? h;sf] ;DaGw cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g;+u 5, olta]nf cToGt dxŒjsf] ljifo ag]/ cfPsf] 5 . o; k|;+udf pbLodfg ;Qfn] Wofg glbP/ ;'v} 5}g . lsgeg] ljZj ;d'bfo / ljZj hgdt ToxL se/df cfºgf] b[li6sf]0f agfpg] u5{ .

— pbLodfg hg;Qfn] j]jf:tf ubf{ klg jfx\o ;d'bfon] 5f]8\b}g eGg] k|;+usf] tfhf pbfx/0f lbgx'“ b]lvg] ub{5 ;'lgg] ub{5 . vf;u/L g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df t6:y dWojtL{ tKsf hf] st}klg b]lvg rfxGg b'j}sf] lj/f]w u5{, df}sf kbf{ b'j}sf] ;fv'Nn] aGg] ub{5, To;sf] ;dfTg] xltof/ eg]s} cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g, ;GwL / dfGotf xf] . landmine band treaty -NofOG8 dfOg k|ltjGw ;lGw_ljb|f]xL kIFsf] s'g} ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo x}g p;n] To;df x:tfIf/, cg'df]bg ;Dd]ng s]xL u/]sf] 5}g, t/ ;a}sf d'vdf em'l08Psf] ljifo 5 ædfcf]jfbLn] hyfefjL ljB'tLo w/fk yfKg' cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf ljkl/t 5 To;sf/0f xfdL lj/f]w u5f}+ .Æ To;}u/L a]nfavtdf cfpg] u5{ æh]g]ef ;GwLsf] pn+3gÆ hasL /fHo jf c? s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf hgo'4nfO{ ljb|f]x eGg klg ?rfp“b}gg\ . ck/flws s[ofsnfk eG5g\, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljb|f]xL;Dd klg x}g cft+ssf/L g} eGg kl5 x6\b}gg\ . olb ljb|f]xL klg geGg] / hgo'4 klg geGg] xf] eg] o'4 ;DaGwL sfg"g h]g]ef ;GwLsf] k|Zg klg p7fpg ldNb}g . h]g]ef ;GwL / cft+ssf/L b'a} Ps;fy eGg ldNb}g . h]g]ef ;GwL eGgf;fy cft+ssf/L x}g eGg] a'¤g' k5{ . cft+ssf/L eGg]n] h]g]ef ;GwL pn+3g eof] eGg kfO{+b}g . o:tf ljifotkm{ klg ca t af}l4s hdftn] x]Ssf ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfof] ls <

— g]kfnsf] pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf a}wtfsf] bfjL ug]{ cj:yfdf k'lu;Sof] . t/ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] lg/Gt/ b]znfO{ b"/ufdL k|efj kfg]{ vfnsf ;GwL ;Demf}tfx? lbgx'“h;} ul//x]sf] 5 . af}l4s hdftsf s]xL ckjfbnfO{ 5f8]/ o; ljifodf df}gtf ;f“w]sf] 5, hals s]Gb||Lo /fHo;Qf k|fKt ugf{;fy oL ;a} ;GwL ;Demf}tfx? :jtM cdfGo x'g]5g\ . a? PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgnsf Ps hgf k|ltlglwn] a|;]N;df ;+s6sfnsf a]nf g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] Jofks dfgjclwsf/ xgg u/]sfn] g]kfnnfO{ s'g} klg ;xof]u gug{ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo ;dIf ckLn u/]sf lyP . 7Ls oxL l:ylt @)$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf avt k~rfotsf lj?4 x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . t/ olta]nf k'/fgf] ;Qf hf] /fhwfgL / lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?df tf/jf/df 3]l/Psf] 5 / klg To; vfnsf] cleofg cfu|x lsg x'“b}g <

— cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGqsf] dl;xf 7fGg] ;+;bLo kf6L{x? ;Rrf k|hftGq, k"0f{ k|hftGqsfnflu rn]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 lg0ff{os ljhosf] ;+3f/df cfOk'Ubf klg s';L{ ef]saf6 d'Qm x'g g;sL ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfsf] rfs/Ld} Jo:t /xg', pN6} hgjfbL cfGbf]ngsf lj?4 ljif adg ug'{ csf]{ cfZro{sf] ljifo x'g] u/]sf] 5 . b'lgof“sf] /fhg}lts l:ylt cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf cflb ;d]tnfO{ /lQe/ cf+sng gug'{ s] /fhg}lts ;'ema'em eGg ;lsG5 t < sd;]sd /fli6«o /fhgLlt / cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfnfO{ clnslt dfq} eP klg Wofg lbg cfu|x ubf{ l7s} xf]nf .

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        /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotf ;a} lx;fan] gof“ ;Qf l;+u} d'n'ssf] lhDdf lng] x}l;otdf k'u]sf] 5, To;df slQ låljwf dfGg' kb}{g . cem /0fg}lts /IFf, ;Gt'ng x'“b} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgf lbgx'“ ;kmn x'“b} uPsf] tYon] of] s'/f cem k'li6 x'g]5 . t/ oxL cjlw eg]sf] g} ;Qf n'5fr'“8Lsf] cj:yf xf] olt a]nf g} j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] vt/f klg TolQs} 5 . j}b]lzs x:tIf]k eof] eg] o'4n] csf]{ df]8 lng] lglZrt 5 eg] ;Qf hf]ufpg] clGtd x/st ug{ klg k'/fgf] ;Qf TolQs} cft'/ x'g]5 . of] cjlw csNkgLo x'g]5 . /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f kl5sf] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] tTsflng cj:yf x]bf{ klg l:ylt cf+sng ug{ ;lsG5 . hlta]nf RofªsfO{z]s sDo'lgi6x? lj?4 cToGt cfqmds ePsf] lyof] dfcf] a9L eGbf a9L zlQm uf]naGb ug{ pbf/ gLlt nfu" ug{ cft'/ b]lvg'x'GYof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu !($) lt/ RoªsfO{;]sn] Better to kill hundrad innocent people then to allow one communist escape eGg] kmdf{g hf/L uYof]{ ta Toltg} a]nf dfcf] hfkfgL k|lt/f]w / hgjfb b'a}sf] ;dy{g ug]{ Jofks ;dy{g h'6\g] vfnsf] ;Qf lgdf{0fdf Jo:t /x“b} !÷# sf] cjwf/0ff Nofpg'x'G5 / eGg'x'G5 ;Qfdf !÷# eGbf a9L kf6L{ ;b:o x'“g} x'“b}g . hlta]nf RofªsfO{ z]s aGbLx? k|lt qm'/ / cdfgjLo oftgfsf] >+[vnf cufl8 a9fp“b} "Beats down the dog's legs to find outs his head, Beat down the little fellows to find the leaders" eGg] plQm;lxt ;Gqf; km}Nofp“Yof] . dfcf] æaGbLx?sf] ckdfg ug]{, ltgsf] lrhlar lng], ljrf/ km]g{ s/sfk ug] ug'{{ x'“b}g, lgZrn / Gofok"0f{ Jojxf/ ug'{ kb{5Æ eGg] gLlt hf/L ug'{x'G5 . o;n] lhDd]jf/ kIFsf] lhDd]jf/ Jojxf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . h;sf] cf+sng g]kfnL pbLodfg ;Qfn] klg ug{ kl5 x6\g x'“b}g .

s'6g}lts kl/rfngsf] dxŒj ef/L x'g] ub{5 M

        olta]nfsf] o'4 To;df klg lg0ff{os o'4, s]jn xltof/ rnfpg' dfq} x'“bf] /x]g5 . aGb'ssf ;fy;fy} Jofks hgtfnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{, Jofks hgjfb;lxtsf] ;Qf (Entity with great democracy) / ;f]sf] a'l4dQfk"0f{ ;+rfng o'4sf vf; vf; df]8df lg0ff{os x'“bf /x]5g\ . lg0ff{os o'4df, j}b]lzs x:tIF]ksf lj?4 k|lt/f]w o'4df s]jn n8fs'x?, sDo'lgi6x?, kf6L{ sf8/ / g]tfx?dfq kof{Kt x'“bf /xg]5g\ eGg] s'/f !(#& d} dfcf]åf/f ælnlvt k|lt/f]w o'4df ljho xfl;n ug{sf lglDt /fi6«sf ;f/f zlQmx?nfO{ ;+rfng u/Æ zLif{ssf] !) z'qaf6 k'li6 x'G5 . t;y{ lj/f]wL hf];+u n8\g'kg]{ xf] pm afx]s ;a}nfO{ uf]naGb ug{ ;Sg] s'6g}lts kl/rfng IFdtf g} lg0ff{os x'g] /x]5 . h;nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] dfGotfsf] s;f}6Ldf /fv]/ k|of]u ug{ ;s] pbLodfg gof“ ;Qf / hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] dfGotf :yfgLo, /fli6«o x'“b} cGt/f{li6«o txaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tbg's"n cl3 a9\g ;s] ;kmntf ;'lglZrt 5 .

cGtdf M

        qmflGt ;DkGg ug'{ cl3 / kl5 klg cem vf;u/L dxfg\ lrlgof“ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf a]nf ;a} lrh k|fo clwgfosTjs} cfwf/df rn]/ ;DkGg klg eP t/ Jofks hgtfdf hfg], b]znfO{ Jofks / b"/ufdL k|efj kfg]{, sfdx? ;DkGg ug'{kbf{ sfg"gs} ;xf/f lnOof] . ;f] s'/fsf] pbfx/0f qmflGtsfnd} !($& d} lgdf{0f u/]sf] s[lif sfg"g kl5 k6s k6s kl/dfh{g x'“b} uPsf] l:ylt / ;f/f hldGbf/x?sf xbeGbf a9L ePsf hdLg vf]l;Psf] lyof] / kl/0ffd hdLg vf]l;Psf] ljifodf s'g} cfjfh p7]g . lsgls Tof] sfg"g agfP/ ul/Psf] lyof] . hals Tolt a]n} s;}sf] 3/df y'kf/]sf] gu0o ;DklQ, nQfsk8f hkmt ubf{ eo+s/ cfjfh p7]sf] lyof] . t;y{ qmflGtdf sfg"gsf] e"ldsf k6s} gh/ cGbfh ug]{ ljifo xf]Og To;df klg cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfsf] ljifo t emg\ dxŒjsf]] ljifo xf] . t;y{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g, ;f]sf] dd{ / dfGotf c+lusf/ ub}{ ljlw k'¥ofp“b} qmflGtsf] /y xf“Sg ;s] ljho ;xh / ;'lglZrt aGg] 5 . ta pbLodfg ;Qf / hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] dfGotf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / dfGotfsf cfwf/df :jLsf/ ug'{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk /xg] 5}g .

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 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com