/f]NkfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf w/f]x/ zxLb s= bL3{ cyf{t\ t]hdfg 3tL{

— gf/fo0f zdf{

        hGdIf]q / sd{If]qsf lx;fan] zxLb s=bL3{ -t]hdfg 3tL{_ nfO{ /f]NkfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf w/f]x/ eg]/ zLif{sdf pNn]v u/] klg g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ / ljz]if If]q -d'VotM /fKtL If]q_ sf] If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o ;d]t ePsfn] pxf“nfO{ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngs} w/f]x/ eGg' kb{5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, z}lIfs of]Uotf ;fIf/ dfq eP/ klg pxf“sf ;/ntf, OdfGbfl/tf, lqmofzLntf, tLI0ftf, lg/Gt/tf / cfzfjflbtf h:tf cg's/0fLo u'0fx¿ tyf zxfbtsf] ;dodf klg pxf“n] b]vfpg' ePsf] lge{otf, lgZrntf / uf]kgLotf / k|lta4tf h:tf cg'kd u'0fx¿n] ubf{ pxf“nfO{ g]kfnsf] dfq geP/ ljZjs} sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Ps clåtLo w/f]x/ eGbf cTo'lQm x'b}g .

        cfheGbf 7Ls b'O{ dlxgfcl3 cyf{t\ ut c;f]h @% ut] c3f{v“frLdf /flvPsf] ls;fg ;+3sf] Pp6f sfo{qmddf efu lng hf“b} ubf{ s= bL3{ -t]hdfg 3tL{_ nfO{ 3]/fjGbLdf kf/]/ b'Zdgn] uf]nL 7f]Sof] . uf]nL xftdf nfUof] / pxf“ 3fOt] x'g'eof] . 3fOt] cj:yfd} 3]/f tf]8\g vf]Hbfvf]Hb} pxf“nfO{ 1fg]sf] e/f}6] ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnof] . ;fdfGo ;f]wk'5 ubf{ ;;'/fnL cfPsf] a"9f], ;f]emf], cgk9 / ujf“/ h:tf] ;fwf/0f uf“pn] 7fg]/ pxf“nfO{ pQm ;]gfsf tNnf] :t/sf hjfgx¿n] dfl/xfNg ;s]gg\ . zfob pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf uf“p—3/sf ;Lwf—;fbf a'jf / bfh'x¿ h:t} 7fg]xf]nfg\ pxf“nfO{ . x'g;S5 s;}n] cfkm\g} bLg—xLg ju{sf] ju{ldq klg 7fg] xf]nfg\ . cyjf dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/L eg]/ gkTofpbf] nf6f]—uf“8f] / a"9f]—vf8f] du/ h:tf] dfg]/ …o:tfnfO{ df/]/ s] kfk a];fpg'Ú eGg] ;f]r]/ xf]nf pgLx¿sf xftaf6 tTsfn} km]l/ uf]nL rn]gg\ . ;+ejtM tL ;]gfx¿ xTof/f] 1fg]kIfsf s§/ / /QmkLkf;' d08nL geP/ lbj+ut /fhf jL/]Gb|k|lt xdbbL{ /fVg] g/d :jefj, sf]dn efjgf / pbf/ ljrf/sf lyP . h] xf];\ / h'g;'s} sf/0fn] xf];\ pgLx¿n] klxnf] r/0fdf s= lb3{nfO{ df/]sf lyPgg\ . t/ s]xL ;dokl5 Toxf“ hNnfbx¿sf] gfOs] cfof] . p;n] t]hdfghLnfO{ ;+s]t ub}{ p;sf hjfgx¿;+u k8\Sof] —æof] sf] xf], lsg gdf/]/ /fv]sf] o;nfO{<Æ hjfgx¿dWo] Pp6fn] aNntNn d'v vf]Nof]—æ;fxj π of] t ;;'/fnL cfPsf] a"9f] /x]5, To;}n]====.Æ gfOs]n] d'd'{l/b} / e'Te'lt+b} eGof]—æof] afx'g\—If]qL uf“pdf du/ klg sxL+ ;;'/fnL cfp“5 < em"7 af]N5 ;fnf dfcf]jfbL π 7f]s ;fn]nfO{ .Æ æ hf] x's'dÆ æhf] cfb]zÆ x;\ xh"/ / æx'G5 ;fx]aÆ cflb eGg] afgL kl/;s]sf / æx's'd —k|df¨LÆ nfO{ lz/f]wfo{ ug]{ ;+:sf/—;+:s[lt al;;s]sf ljr/f hjfgx¿n] x's'dL zf;gdf— x's'd kmdf{gsf] cnfjf ug{ s] ;Sy], km]l/ uf]nL xfg] / pxf“sf] k|f0fkv]? lnP kl5 ;'v—;+tf]ifsf] ;f; km]/] . pgLx¿n] cfTd/lt u/] xf]nfg\— ca dfcf]jbfLx¿ l;l4G5g\ / pgLx¿sf] n"6sf] :ju{ sfod} /lx/xG5 . pgLx¿n] ;kgf b]v] xf]nfg\— dfcf]jfbLsf] k|Tofqmd0f c;kmn ePsf] π t/ ck;f]r k|Tofqmd0f ;kmn x'“b}5 / n"6sf] :ju{  w/f;foL x'b}5 .

*) jifL{o cfdf / &% jifL{o a'jfnfO{ 5f]8]/ %$ jifL{o t]hdfghLn] pRr / jL/tfk"0f{ zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gL %) jifL{o >LdtL, !* jif]{ Ps 5f]/f / & jif{;Ddsf ;—;fgf ^ 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ /f]Nkf yjf¨sf] b'Zdgn] hnfOlbPsf] 3/ / km'06Ljfª\sf] l;/fgdf eTsg nfu]sf] uf]7df j];xf/f cj:yfdf kf/]/ s= bL3{n] cfkm\gf] hLjg qmflGt / d'lQmsf] nflu r9fpg' eof] . xTofsf08sf] k|fylds vj/df pxf“;+u s=s'nbLk -/fh' g]kfnL_ clvn ef/tLo g]kfnL Pstf ;dfh / ef/t— k|jf;df g]kfnLaLr g]=s=kf= sf] zfvf ;+:yfks ;b:o klg kg'{ ePsf] eGg] ;'Gbf nfUof]—Pp6f 3/jf;sf] vDaf, Defecto -jf:tljs_ cfwf/ Onfsfsf] cyf{t\ /f]Nkfsf] x:tL / csf]{ k|jf;sf] vDjf /  Dejure -k|sf/fGt/n] sfg'g / sfdsf lx;fan] leGg_ cfwf/ Onfsf cyf{t\ ef/t—k|jf;sf  x:tLnfO{ xTof u/]/ xfdLnfO{ 7"n} 3Ssf lbof] . t/ kl5 /fh' g]kfnL geP/ pxf“sf] 7f“pdf If]=Jo"=;= lbns'df/ /f]sf -s=ladn_ h:tf xf]gxf/ o'jf g]tf kg'{ ePsf] eGg] lglZrt x'“bf efjL cfGbf]ngsf] nflu t 7"nf] wSsf lbPs} /x]5 eGg] nfUof] .

        pxf“x¿sf] zxfbtn] c?n] t slQsf] wSsf dx;'; ug'{ eof], Tof] rflx“ d 7f]; u/]/ eGg ;lQmg t/ dnfO{ eg] c;fWo} 7'nf] b'Mv / wSsfsf] dx;"; eof] . o;sf k5fl8 s]xL sf/0f 5g\ h:tf] nfU5 . zfob tL sf/0f oL x'g\ —klxnf] t]hdfghL;+usf] sl/j # bzs hltsf] nfdf] kl/ro / ;xsfo{ / bf];|f] pxf“df cGtlg{lxt dfly plNnlvt u'0fx¿;+usf] d]/f] ldNbf] h'Nbf] kg . d cfkm" k9]—n]v]sf], dw]z—;'ud zx/L Onfsfsf] / j|fx\d0f hfltsf], dWod ju{sf] t/ pxf“ eg] gk9]sf], b'u{d kxf8 / uf“plt/sf,] du/ hfltsf] / lgDgju{sf] eP/ klg d pxf“ h:t} ;/n, OdfGbf/, lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn, cfzfjfbL, lge{o, lgZrn / k|ltj4 x'g vf]Hg] / s]xL xb;Dd ePsf]n] klg xf] ls pxf“sf] xTofn] d lgs} ddf{lxt eP“, på]lnt eP“ / cfqmf]lzt eP“ . j}rfl/s Ps?ktfsf cltl/Qm :jefjut lgs6tf, efjgfTds ;dLktf / ;xsfo{sf] sf/0f g} zfob o:tf] cg"e"lt eof] xf]nf . t];|f] sf/0f xf]nf—pxf“sf] pd]/—cj:yf . pxf“ b]Vbf a"9f]kfsf] / /f]uL h:tf] nfu] klg cToGt ;s[o / ;bfjxf/ h:t} x'gfn] klg pxf“k|lt dfof, ;b\efj / ;Ddfg a9]/ cfp“5 . zfob a"9fkfsfnfO{ x]g]{ s= dfcf]n] eg] em}+ …a"9fx¿k|lt ;Ddfg ug'{ k5{Ú eGg] larf/ / efjgfåf/f lgb]{lzt / clek|]l/t eP/ xf]nf . rf}yf] sf/0fdf pxf“nfO{ kf6L{ s]Gb| ljz]iftM H.Q. n] u/]sf] ;Ddfg h:tf] ls @)%^ efb|df ;+kGg xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\, g]kfnsf] klxnf] /fli6«o e]nf / xfn} ;DkGg ;L=;L=sf] j}7ssf] ;dfkg ;df/f]xsf j]nfdf pxf“nfO{ dfq af]Ng lbOPsf]n] klg PrSo"n] ;d]t ;Ddflgt ug]{ sfd/]8x¿nfO{ xfdLn] klg ;Ddfg ug'{ k5{ eGg] efjgf / pQ/bfloTj af]wn] ubf{ klg pxf“nfO{ d]/f] dgn] Ps cg'kd JolQmTjsf] ?kdf ;+dfg ug]{ uYof]{ . To;f]t o; cl3 @)%^ b]lv g} d}n] k|jf;sf e]nf—k|lzIf0f / j}7s—ljbfO{ cflb cf}krfl/s / cGo s}of} cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿df pxf“sf] ;+emgf ug]{ uy+]{≤ gfd lng] ug]{ / ;Ddfg / ;/fxgf ug]{ uy+]{+ . h] ;'s} sf/0f, u'0f / kl/l:yltj;\ xf];\, d]/f] lbn—lbdfudf s= bL3{ cyf{t s= t]hdfg 3tL{sf] 5fk ulx/f];+u u8]sf] 5 / /fd|f];+u leh]sf] 5 .

        o:tf] clj:d/0fLo sd/]8sf] uf}/jk"0f{ zxfbtsf] vj/ ;'Gbf s]xL g s]xL n]v"“—n]v"“ nfUof], sxL“ g sxL“ uP/ s]xL g s]xL af]n"—af]n" nfUof] / s'g} g s'g} b'ZdgnfO{ sf]k¿“—sf]k¿“ h:tf] nfUof] . t/ lj8Djgf π g n]Vg] / n]lvPsf] 5fKg] g} cj:yf x'g] l:ylt /x\of], g t s]xL af]Ng] / >4f~hnLsf b'O{ zAb kf]Vg] cj;/ g} ldNof] . t} klg n]Vg] / 5fKg] Joj:yf hlt l56f] ldnfof], Tolt g} l56f] pQm xTofsf] abnf lbPsf] 7xg]{ 5 eGb} Tot}lt/ nfu+] . o;}qmddf pxf“sf] :d[ltdf ut sflt{s @% ut] ljz]if If]qsf ljleGg 7f“px¿df zf]s;efx¿ ug]{ sfo{qmd ljz]if If]qn] /fVof] . Tolta]nf g]kfns} pQm P]ltxfl;s uf“p, s= lb3{sf] hGd:yfg / jf;:yfg tyf xfd|f] /fhwfgL dflgPsf] yjfªdf k'u]/ zf]s;efdf cfkm\gf efjgfx¿ kf]Vg] -oBlk efif0f ug{ dnfO{ TolQ dg nfUb}g, t} klg sfd k/] vf]hL—vf]hL af]Ng' k5{ eg]/ dfq}_, pxf“sf hxfg kl/jf/x¿;+u b'Mv ;f6f—;f6 ug]{ / o;/L cfkm\gf ;dj]bgfsf zAbx¿n] pxf“k|ltsf] k|fylds st{Jo / ;Ddfg sfo{ k"/f ug]{ wf]sf] lyof] . ;+of]u egf}+ cyjf ljof]u egf}+, b'O{j6f zf]s;efsf ghLs—ghLs d} eP/ klg k|ydtM ckf+u v'§fsf sf/0f ljgf ;xof]uL k'Ug g;Sg] l:ylt / låtLotM sfd— s'/fsf] j]km";{bLn] klg d tL ;efx¿df ;xefuL x'g kfPg / b'Mlvtdfly Jolyt e}/x]sf] lyP“ . o;}aLr clnslt km";{b ldNgf;fy ut d+;L/ ^ ut] ;sL g;sL u/]/ s= ;"o{ / cGo s]xL sd/]8x¿;+u d t]hdfghLsf 3/df k'u]/ pxf“sf a'jf, cfdf, hxfg—5f]/f5f]/L;+u s]xL lrgf—kl/ro / JoQmfJoQm s]xL s'/fsfgL u/]kl5 d]/f] dgsf] Pp6f wf]sf] d]l6of] cyf{t\ d]/f] pxf“k|lt Pp6f st{Jo k"/f ePsf]df dnfO{ s]xL ;+tf]if nfUof] . tTkZrft\ pxf“k|ltsf] bf];|f] wf]sf] s]xL n]v]/ xfd|} /]l8of] hgu0ftGqaf6 k|;f/0f u/fpg] /x\of] . Tof] klg ;do / kl/l:ylt tyf k|fljlws sl7gfOn] ubf{ ;+ej x'g ;s]g . tyflk To;nfO{ cfkm\g} k|sfzg …hgfb]zÚdfkm{t JoQm ug]{ wf]sfdf abn]/ clxn] clnslt ;do ldNbf ljlQs} cfh d+;L/ @% ut] ljz]if If]qn] pxf“x¿sf] xTofsf] lj/f]wdf ljz]if If]q aGb ug]{ sfo{qmd;+u}, ofqfs} aLrdf, ysfgsf] df/df / l8;]G6«Lsf] rfkdf cfkm\gf] pxf“k|ltsf] of] st{Jo k"/f ug'{ k5{ eg]/ yngL u/]+ / sl/j # lbgdf aNn—tNn k"/f u/]/ k|sfzgfy{ k7fp“b}5' . cfzf Pj+ ljZjf; 5—k|sfzg ePkl5 of] st{Jo k"0f{ x'g]5 / dnfO{ yk ;+tf]if ldNg] 5 .

        d]/f] t];|f] / clGtd pxf“k|ltsf] st{Jo / ;+ejtM ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ / 7"nf] st{Jo xf]— pxf“sf] xTofsf] abnf lng / pxf“sf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ cyf{t\ pxf“ h:tf nfvf}+— s/f]8f}+ / c/jf}+ ;Lwf—;fbf, u/La—b'MvL, lgwf{—lgd'vf, zf]lift—kLl8t, Odfgbf/—qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] d'lQm / k|ultsf] ;'lbg v'nfpg], :j/fh Nofpg] / ;'Joj:yf rnfpg] wf]sf k"/f ug{sf] nflu lg/Gt/—lg/Gt/ sd{7 eO/xg] . o;lglDt kfP;Dd 7"nf sfdx¿ ug]{ , gkfP klg ;fgf eGbf ;fgf sfdx¿ u/]/ klg >dk|lt, >dhLjL hgtfk|lt / ls;fg—dhb"/sf] qmflGt, d'lQm / k|ultk|lt cfkm\gf] cf:yf hgfpg] u/]/ klg cfkm\gf] s= bL3{ -t]hdfg 3tL{_ k|ltsf] st{Jo k"/f ug]{ j]xb cfzf / ;'b[9 ljZjf; 5 . of] k"/f ug{ ;s“] eg] dnfO{ clGtd / k/d ;+t'li6 x'g]5 . olt cfzf /fVb} olta]nf d d]/f] ;x[boL sd/]8nfO{, hgtfsf cfvf“sf tf/fnfO{ s}No} ge'Ng] u/L, pxf“sf u'0fx¿nfO{ ;w}+—;w}+ ckgfpg] / k|rf/ ug]{ Ps cg'ofoL x'g] u/L pxf“nfO{ clxn]nfO{ Gofgf] ;+emgf, /ftf] clejfbgf ub}{ ljbf x'g rfxG5' . cn ljbf d]/f] Kof/f] sd/]8 π jfO—jfO d]/f] cf:yfsf] w/f]x/ ππ nfn ;nfd g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf Ps cu|0fL zxLb s= bL3{ cyf{t\ t]hdfg 3tL{ πππ

 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com