ljrf/hut\

cf}krfl/s w'|jLs/0f xf]Og, qmflGtsf/L w'|jLs/0fsf] cfjZostf

–lztns'df/

        ha /fhgLlts JolQm jf kf6L{sf] jrg / sd{aLr s'g} cGt/ x'Gg ta JolQm jf kf6L{sf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ lglZrt wf/0ff agfpg ls+lrt ufx|f] kb{}g . jrgdf eljio -cfZjf;g_ klg / Jojxf/df jt{dfg -7f];_ dfq cGtlg{lxt x'g] x'gfn] ju{;dfh /lx/x“bf;Dd xfdLnfO{ of] ;f}efUo k|fKt x'g ;Qm}g . ju{;dfhsf] k|ltR5fof“ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgdf cleJoQm x'g] x'gfn] Toxf“ klg JolQmsf] jrg / sd{aLr tfbfTDotf kfOb}g . ju{;|f]ts} cfwf/df /fhg}lts JolQmsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ wf/0ff agfpg] cyf{t\ s'g} ju{ljz]ifsf] l;4fGtsf/ x'g ;DalGwt JolQm clgjfo{ ToxL ju{ljz]ifsf] x'g'k5{ eGg] e2f ef}ltsjfbL ts{sf] dfS;{n] klxn] g} v08g ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . s'g} klg /fhgLlts JolQm ju{ljz]ifsf] l;4fGtsf/ o;sf/0f aGb5 ls ;}4flGts ?kn] pm ToxL lgisif{df k'Ub5 h;/L Tof] ju{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o cfºgf] tfTsflns ef}lts lxt / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df k'Ub5 . o;k|sf/ k|yd, JolQmsf] ju{;|f]tsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg u/]/ wf/0ff agfpg klg gldNg], låtLo, JolQmsf] jrg / sd{aLr tfbfTDotf klg gx'g], t[tLo, lgDgk'“hLkltju{sf] k|ltR5fof“sf ?kdf cleJoQm pkof]lutfjfbsf] sf/0f kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjgdf j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts w'|jLs/0f x'g g;ls/x]sf] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf ljleGg k|j[lQx?sf] klxrfg ug{] sfd cToGt k]lrnf] aGg k'u]sf] 5 / kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s hLjg pNemgdf k/]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k hgo'4n] jt{dfgdf dfu u/]sf] j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts w'|jLs/0f / s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;Defjgf jf:tljstfdf ablng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ .

        JolQmsf] jrg / sd{sf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg u/]/ wf/0ff agfpg] ;jfndf k|foM j}olQms leGgtf (Individual difference) kfOG5 . jrg / sd{ tyf oL b'j}sf] cfk;L ;DaGwnfO{ a'‰g] / ljZn]if0f ug{] dflg;x?sf] 1fgsf] :t/sf] ljljwtfn] ubf{ Ps} k|sf/sf lrGtg–k|j[lQ ePsf JolQmx?k|lt leGg–leGg JolQmsf] leGg–leGg wf/0ff kfOG5 . jrgsf] ;DaGw bz{g, l;4fGt / ljrf/;“u tyf sd{sf] ;DaGw hLjg, k|of]u / Jojxf/;“u x'G5 . jrg / sd{aLr åGåfTds ;DaGw /xG5, Pp6fsf] cefjdf csf{] cw"/f] /xg hfG5 . oL b'O{dWo] ;fdfGotM sd{ k|wfg x'G5 . ju{ ;dfhdf, oL b'OaLr ;fk]lIfs tfnd]n dfq x'g] x'gfn] k"0f{ Odfgbf/ dflg; kfpg ;lsb}g, ;fk]lIfs Odfgbf/ dflg; dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . JolQmsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ wf/0ff agfpg] ;jfndf jrg / sd{sf] ef}ltsjfbL cfwf/df åGåfTds ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg eg] b'O{ cltjfbL e8\sfj -!_ h8;"qjfb -@_ Jojxf/jfbdf km:g k'luG5 cyf{t\ cf+lzs ;TonfO{ k"0f{ ;To 7fGg k'luG5 . h8;"qjfbn] JolQmsf] d"Nof+sg sd{sf] cfwf/df xf]Og jrgsf] cfwf/df dfq ub{5 / >4fjfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 . /, Jojxf/jfbn] JolQmsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ jrgsf] cfwf/nfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ sd{sf] cfwf/df dfq ub{5 / z+sfjfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 . oL b'j} clwe"tjfbL jf Psf+uL lrGtgn] JolQmsf] j:t'jfbL oyf{y d"Nof+sg xf]Og, dgf]utjfbL d"Nof+sg ub{5g\ / ;f/tTj Pp6} ePsf cltjfbL w'|j v8f ub{5g\ .

        jrg jf sd{dWo] s'g} Pssf] cfwf/df dfq JolQmsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ Psf+uL wf/0ff agfpg' lgZro g} ;d:of xf], t/ of]eGbf klg d'Vo ;d:of jrg jf sd{dWo] s'g} Pssf] cfwf/df dfq cfºgf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ Psf+uL wf/0ff agfpg' xf] cyf{t\ cf+lzs ;TonfO{ g} k"0f{ ;To 7fGg' xf] . jrgsf] cfwf/df dfq cfºgf] d"Nof+sg ug{]n] cfkm"nfO{ b]jt'No 7fGb5 / sd{sf] cfwf/df dfq cfºgf] d"Nof+sg ug{]n] cfkm"nfO{ sd{jL/ 7fGb5 . jrg / sd{ ;+du|df c+z x'g\, oL b'O{dWo] Ps jf csf{]nfO{ dfq ;dft]/ ;To ;dft]sf] lgisif{ lgsfNg' cGwfx?sf] xfQL;DaGwL lgisif{h:t} xf] . ha;Dd cGwfx?sf] cf“vf v'Nb}g jf v'nfOb}g, xfQLsf] ?k;DaGwL pgLx?sf] a]x'wf wf/0ffnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsb}g . To;}n] JolQmsf] d"Nof+sg;DaGwL xfd|f] ;d:of ;du| 1fgsf] cefj x'g' xf] cyf{t\ dfS;{jfbsf tLg ;+36s c+u;DaGwL 1fg / k|of]usf] ;d:of xf], xfd|f] ;Gbe{df 7f]; ?kdf eGg'kbf{ k|r08kynfO{ a'‰g] / nfu" ug{] ;d:of xf] .

        cfºgf] d"Nof+sgsf] ;DaGwdf ;d:of aflx/ xf]Og, cfkm}leq vf]Hg' kb{5 . d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] cfkm"n] cfkm}nfO{ a'‰g] ;d:of xf], dgf]utjfbsf] ;d:of xf], pbf/tfjfbsf] ;d:of xf] cyf{t\ JolQmjfbsf] ;d:of xf] . of] ;d:of xn ug{ ;j{k|yd cfkm}k|lt lgd{d x'g' kb{5, csf{]af6 dgf]ut ck]Iff ug{' x'“b}g . oyfy{df h] xf] ToxL ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ a'‰g' kb{5 / ;f]xLcg'?k k|:t't x'g'kb{5 . 9f]+u / cf8Da/ xf]Og ljgd| / cfTdfnf]rs aGg ;Sg' kb{5 . cfkm" oyfy{df h] 5, ToxL ?kdf k|:t't eOof] eg] csf{]nfO{ klg ToxL ?kdf a'‰g d2t k'Ub5 . qLkIfLo cGtlj{/f]wL wf/0ffx? aGg kfp“b}g . k|fo s] x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] JolQmn] oyfy{df h] 5 ToxL ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ ga'emL cs{} ?kdf a'‰b5 / csf{]sf] pmk|ltsf] a'emfO tL b'O{ eGbf leGg x'G5 . / Pp6} cjlwdf JolQmsf] tLg k|sf/sf] rl/q cg'e"t x'G5, ta a'emfOdf u~hfuf]n k}bf x'G5 / cgfjZos ljjfbsf] l;h{gf x'G5 . o;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f -!_ JolQmsf] dgf]ut ck]Iff / -@_ csf{] JolQmsf] pmk|lt k"jf{u|x x'g' xf] . ef}ltsjfbn] j:t' 36gf / JolQmdf s'g} aflx/L yk36 gu/L h] 5 ToxL ?kdf åGåfTds ljlwåf/f cWoog ub{5 / ;xL lgisif{ lgsfN5 . t/ cfbz{jfbn] j:t', 36gf / JolQmdf cfu|x–k"jf{u|x yk]/ clwe"tjfbL ljlwåf/f cWoog ub{5 / unt lgisif{ lgsfN5 . o; cfwf/df, cfkm"k|lt dgf]ut ck]Iff /fv]/ d"Nof+sg ug{] cfTdk|z+;s jf JolQmjfbL, csf{]sf] cfu|xsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ug{] cGweQm / csf{]k|lt k"jf{u|xsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ug{] / k"jf{u|xL jf ;+sL0f{ tyf ljgfcfu|x–k"jf{u|x oyfy{jfbL d"Nof+sg ug{] qmflGtsf/L x'G5 . JolQmn] cfºgf] ;SsnL :j?k k|:t't ug{] ljlQs} qLkIfLo l:yltsf] ;fk]lIfs ?kdf cGt x'G5 / b'O{kIfLo jf PskIfLo dfq /xg hfG5 . b'O{ kIfLo x'g' dfqfTds w'|jLs/0f tyf PskIfLo x'g' u'0ffTds w'|jLs/0fsf] nflu dfu{k|z:t ug{' xf] . o;k|sf/sf] cfGtl/s w'|jLs/0fn] qmflGtsf] nflu cfjZos aflx/L w'|jLs/0fsf] nflu cfTdut cfwf/ tof/ ub{5 .

        cfGtl/s / afx\o w'|jLs/0fsf] cefj g} jt{dfg g]kfnL hgjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] ;d:of xf] . cfhsf] ljZjdf k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] hgo'4sf] ;kmntfsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] w'|jLs/0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . cGt/f{li6«o :t/df cfGtl/s ?kdf j}rfl/s w'|jLs/0fsf] cfwf/df rf}yf] cGt/f{li6«osf] / afx\o ?kdf Jofks w'|jLs/0fsf] aLraf6 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o df]rf{sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . hgo'4n] /fli6«o ;Ldf gf3]/ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k|j]z ul/;Sbf klg /fli6«o:t/df cfGtl/s / afx\o w'|jLs/0f cfjZostf cg'?k x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;sf k5fl8 j:t'ut / cfTdut k|lts"ntfn] sfd u/]sf] s'/fdf z+sf /x“b}g . 6'qm] pTkfbgdf cfwfl/t s[lif, pBf]u / Jofkf/sf sf/0f ;dfhdf lgDgk'“hLklt ju{sf] afx'Notf 5 . lgDgk'“hLklt ju{sf] bf]xf]/f] rl/qsf sf/0f k}bf x'g] 9'nd'n l:ylt g} w|'jLs/0fsf] k|lts"n j:t'ut kIf xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] cTolws ax';+Vofsf] ju{;|f]t lgDgk'“hLjfbL 5 . ;dfhdf lgDgk'“hLklt ju{sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] sf/0f o:tf] x'g' :jfefljs 5 . ;dfhsf] lgDgk'“hLklt ju{sf] k|ltR5fof“sf sf/0f kf6L{leq lgDgk'“hLjfbL lrGtgsf] k|efj /xG5 . h'g JolQmjfbsf] pb\ej / ljsf;sf nflu cToGt cg's"n efje"ld aGb5 . n]lggsf egfOdf …yfnsf] ef06fh:t} 9'nd'nÚ zlQmsf] k'hf/L, ;Demf}tfk/:t / bf]xf]/f] rl/q lgDgk'“hLklt ju{sf] j}rfl/s cleJolQm xf] . o;k|sf/sf] k[i7e"lddf kf6L{leqsf] j}rfl/s w'|jLs/0f r'gf}tLk"0f{ aGb5 . t/ qmflGtsf/Lx?n] j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts x:tIf]kåf/f w'|jLs/0fnfO{ ;Dej agfpg ;Sg' kb{5 . st} xfdLdf ljBdfg lrGtg / sfo{z}nL w'|jLs/0fsf] afws alg/x]sf] t 5}g < cGt/f{li6«o w'|jLs/0fsf] dfu eO/x]sf] jt{dfg kl/j]zdf cfGtl/s w'|jLs/0f x'g g;Sg' 7"nf] lj8Dagf xf] .

        w'|jLs/0fsf] ;DaGw s]Gb|Ls/0f;“u x'G5 . j}rfl/s /fhgLlts w'|jLs/0fsf] cefjdf s]Gb|Ls/0f d[ut[i0ff dfq x'G5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] tfut j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts / ;+u7gfTds s]Gb|Ls/0fdf cGtlg{lxt x'G5 . kf6L{ ljs]lGb|t eof] eg], ;fdGtjfb–lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHojfb kf6L{ hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf k|j]z ub{5 / kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s PstfnfO{ tx;–gx; kfb{5 . j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts w'|jLs/0fljgfsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f ;'lGgP/ df]6fPsf] dflg;h:t} x'G5, h'g tfutsf] cfjZostf kbf{ lgl/x aGb5 . To;}n] kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s w'|jLs/0f / s]Gb|Ls/0fdf afws lrGtg, k|j[lQ / sfo{z}nL lj?4sf] ;+3if{n] ljz]if dxTj /fVb5 .

        pkof]lutfjfb, h'g JolQmjfbL lrGtgs} Jojxfl/s cleJolQm xf], jt{dfg hgjfbL cfGbf]ngdf w'|jLs/0f / s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] afws xf] . k|To]s dflg;df ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIf x'G5 . pkof]lutfjfbn] k|To]s dflg;sf ;sf/fTds kIfsf] pkof]u ug{'kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . h;cg'?k u'0ffTds ?kn] leGg dflg;x?nfO{ cfºgf] jl/kl/ hDdf ub{5 cyf{t\ ljrf/ b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df xf]Og, dfcf]n] 7f]; ug{' ePsf] pbf/tfjfbsf ;"qx?sf cfwf/df ;DaGw agfpg] s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbG5 . u'0ffTds ?kn] leGg k|sf/sf dflg;x?;“usf] ;f}xfb{ ;DaGwnfO{ Pp6} cjlwdf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s j/s/f/ /fVg s;}sf nflu klg ;Dej x'Gg . of t ljrf/, b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df ;DaGw /fVg'kg{] x'G5, of lgs6tfsf] clego ug{'kg{] x'G5 . b'O{6f 8'+ufdf Ps}k6s b'O6f v'§f /fVbf s] x'G5 < pkof]lutfjfbn] ljrf/nfO{ xf]Og u'6nfO{, kf6L{nfO{ xf]Og JolQmnfO{, j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts w'|jLs/0f / s]Gb|Ls/0fdf xf]Og, cf}krfl/s w'|jLs/0f / s]Gb|Ls/0fdf hf]8 lbP/ kf6L{sf] j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts / ;+u7gfTds cfwf/nfO{ sdhf]/ kfb{5 . / PstfnfO{ tx;–gx; kfb{5 .

        olta]nf aflx/L ?kdf /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfb / ;+zf]wgjfb tyf cfGtl/s ?kdf blIf0fkGyL cfTd;dk{0fjfb / cfTd;'/Iffjfb g} k|d'v j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts ;d:of x'g\, t/ jfd cfj/0fdf leGg k|sf/n] blIf0fkGyL cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf] pb\3f6g x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ ljNs'n} gsfg{ ;lsb}g . o; ;DaGwdf ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ljkl/tx? Pscsf{df ablnG5g\ eGg] ljkl/tx?sf] Ps?ktfsf] åGåjfbL lgodn] s'g} klg a]nf sfd ug{ ;Sb5 . To;}n] olta]nf k|r08kysf] /Iffsf] k|Zg s]Gb|Lo k|Zg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . rf/}lt/af6 3]/fdf kl//x]sf] jt{dfg hgo'4sf] /Iff / ljsf; k|r08kysf] /Iff / ljsf; u/]/ dfq ;Dej x'G5 . o;sf nflu k|r08kynfO{ lstfa, n]v / efif0faf6 eGbf klg Jojxf/af6 a'‰g / a'emfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . /, Jofks / 3lge"t w'|jLs/0fsf] cfwf/ tof/ u/]/ j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts / ;+u7gfTds s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu JolQmut ;DaGw, cfu|x–k"jf{u|x / u'6ut cfwf/df xf]Og lrGtg–k|j[lQsf] cfwf/df s;};“u lgs6tf / b"/L sfod /x]sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ cyf{t\ k':tssf] kfgfh:t} v'nf agfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . oltv]/ xfdLnfO{ dL7f clt{–pkb]z xf]Og, tTsfn clk|o nfu] tfklg s6' ;To rflxPsf] 5 cyf{t\ cf}krfl/s w'|jLs/0f xf]Og, qmflGtsf/L w'|jLs/0f cfjZos k/]sf] 5 .

 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com