cWoIf dfcf] / /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f

–ljZj

        g]kfnL dfcf]jfbL hgo'4n] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgfsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . o; of]hgfsf] klxnf] r/0fd} b]zsf k"jL{, dWo / klZrd sdf08df ePsf kmf}hL / /fhg}lts sf/afxLx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L / zfgbf/ 9ª\un] ;kmn kfb}{ k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ hfd ub}{ nu]sf] 5 . sd/]8 dfcf]n] k|ltkfbg ug'{ ePsf] /0fg}lts /Iff / ;Gt'ngsf] r/0f kf/ u/]/ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]zsf] of] r/0f cfkm}+df hl6n / c;fwf/0f l:yltsf] t'kmfg af]s]/ tLj| ultdf ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 . of] t'kmfgL hl6ntf, c;fwf/0f l:ylt / n8fO{+sf] clGtd r/0fn] cfTdut / j:t'ut, gof“ / k'/fgf], leqL / aflx/L, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o hLjg k2ltdf pyn–k'yn / u'0ffTds kl/jt{g ub]{ hLjg d[To'sf] 38Lsf] lgs6 hgo'4nfO{ kf6L{n] xf“ls/x]sf] 5 . of] t'kmfgn] s}of}+nfO{ n5fb}{, k5fb}{ / km\of“Sb} cfºgf] nIodf k'Ug] s'/fnfO{ s'g} klg cj/f]wn] ca 5]Sg g;Sg] s'/f ;'lglZrt eO;s]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;n] k}bf u/]sf] ;fdfGo of] kl/l:ylt xfd|f] dgf]ut OR5f / rfxgfeGbf leGg ljsf;sf] cfºgf] ultdf bf}l8/xG5 . cd]l/sL kqsf/ kn :jL;n] eg] h:t} jt{dfg ljZjdf r'gf}lt ug]{ ;fdYo{ sd/]8 dfcf]sf ljrf/x?n] dfq} /fVb5g\ eGg] pRr ;+Zn]if0fn] dfq} ;dsfnLg ljZjsf hl6ntf / c;fwf/0f kl/l:yltdfly ljho k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5f}+ . Tof] k5fl8 df]l8Psf] ljrf/åf/f geP/ s=dfcf]sfnLg ljutsf gsf/fTds kl/36gfx?sf] pRr ;+Zn]if0faf6 hGd]sf] dxfg\ ljZj ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] bz{g / lj1fgåf/f dfq} xn ug{ ;lsG5 .

        sd/]8 dfcf]n] ;j{xf/f qmflGtnfO{ gof“ qmflGtsf ?kdf zfgbf/ 9ª\un] kl/eflift ug'{ ePsf] 5 . s=dfcf]n] ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] sfndf bz{g, cy{, ;dfh / kmf}hL zf:qsf] ljsf;nfO{ gof“ prfOdf dfq p7fpg' ePg qmflGtsf] ljho ;Qf lgs6 jf ;Qf/f]x0fkl5 k|ltqmflGtsf] eL8Gt s}of}+ u'0ff zlQmzfnL eP/ cfpg]5 eGg] cg'ejl;4 ljrf/wf/fTds ;+Zn]if0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;dfhjfbL sfndf ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj / hgjfbL sfndf ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjsf] k|Zg k]lrnf] dfq xf]Og 3lge"t / ;+s]lGb|t l;4fGtsf] k|Zgsf] :t/;Dd hjh{:t p7g] ub{5 . dfcf]sf] k|ltqmflGtsf] cfJxfg, hgtf / qmflGtsf b'Zdgx?sf] x]8Sjf6/dfly ad jiff{ ug]{ ljiffn' emf/kftx?nfO{ pv]n]/ ºof“sg], km"nx?nfO{ km"Ng lbg] / xhf/f}+ ljrf/x? aLr k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ cj;/ lbb} ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTjnfO{ dha't lsNnfsf] ?kdf lbnf] Hofgn] /Iff, ljsf; / :yflkt ub}{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtnfO{ gof“ prfOdf p7fpg sd/]8 dfcf] ;kmn x'g' ePsf] lyof] . clg dfcf]jfb, dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] t]>f] pRr / gof“ r/0fsf] ?kdf ;+;f/e/ :yflkt 5 . ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;"rgf ;fd|fHo, e"d08nLs/0f / Psw'|jLo ljZj, ljQLo k'“hL, v'Nnfjhf/, cy{tGqsf] ljsf;n] PSsfO{;f}++ ztfAbLsf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?sf ;fd'Gg] dfcf]jfbnfO{ gof“ 9ª\un] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ r'gf}lt hjh{:t ;fd'Gg] pkl:yt u/fOlbPsf] 5 . …;fDojfbL ;Eotfsf] cGTo / slyt gof“ ;Eotfsf] pbosf] xf}jf lb+b} pQ/ cfw'lgstfjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL ;“:s[ltn] ljZjhg;d'bfonfO{ l5Gg–leGg kfb]{ cfºgf] cfo' nDafpg] ;kgf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] b]lv/x]sf] 5 . cfh g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf;n] oL ;a} r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o cGt{lj/f]wx?, /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf;“u 6s/fp“b} /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o cGtlj{/f]wsf] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . o;/L cfd'Gg] ;fd'Gg] 6s/fpg cfpg] cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] pQ/ s=dfcf]n] rnfpg' ePsf] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtaf6 cufl8 a9]/ dfq} lbg ;lsG5 . dfcf]sfnLg kl/l:yltsf] eGbf leGg cfhsf] of] kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ eGg' g} dfcf]jfbsf] ;fj{ef}d ljsf;sf] hudf k|r08kysf] ;+Zn]if0fsf] >[ª\vnfj4 ljsf;nfO{ ljrf/sf] gof“ prfOdf p7fpg' xf] . s=dfcf] ;+;f/sf cl3 a9]sf cg'ejx?af6 l;Sg ;b}j pT;'s / lh1f;' x'g'x'GYof] . kl5 k/]sf ljrf/x?af6 dfq l;Sg tkfO{+x?nfO{ s;n] eGof] eg]/ k|Zg ug'{x'GYof] . s=dfcf]sf] lvNnL p8fp“b} ljj]sxLg 9ª\un] s]xL dflg;x?n] ug]{ s"ts{x? dfcf]sf] dxfg\ ljrf/;fd' cfkm} ;]nfp“Yof] . sd/]8 dfcf] ;ª\3if{sf] aLrdf af“Rg] dxfg\ g]tf x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“ ;j{xf/fju{sf] aLrdf af“Rg] dxfg\ u'? / Ps cfbz{ x'g'x'GYof] . ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] ce]B lsNnf x'g'x'GYof] .

        k|r08ky sd/]8 dfcf]n] pQ/ lbg af“sL / kl5Nnf] cjlwdf ljsf; ePsf] ;dsfnLg ljZj kl/l:yltsf] ljifosf] pQ/ lb+b} dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 k|tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] r/0fdf l;h{gzLn s8Lsf] ?kdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 . k|r08kysf] gof“ prfOdf ;+Zn]if0f ug]{, ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] k|lt/f]w cleofgnfO{ ljlw / ljrf/sf] prfOdf p7fpg], /fhg}lts / kmf}hL nIo;lxt /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] gof“ of]hgf / gof“ kmf}hL sfo{gLltsf] th'{df / g]t[Tj s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;ª\u7gfTds of]hgf;lxt !) lbg nfdf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] P]ltxfl;s j}7s ljho / ?kfGt/0fsf] pNnf;;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . To;}n] cfhsf] dfcf]sf] ;Rrf pQ/flwsf/L aGg' eg]sf] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] k|Tofqmd0fsf] hl6n of]hgfnfO{ ljho;Dd k'¥ofpg' / qmflGtsf] t'kmfgL s]Gb| blIf0f Pl;ofnfO{ ljZj qmflGtsf] cfwf/Onfsfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ sd/]8 dfcf]sf] …cfufdL krf;b]lv ;o jif{x? ljZj qmflGtsf pynk'ynsf/L jif{x? /xg] / To;sf] t'kmfgL s]Gb| blIf0f Pl;of /xg]5Ú eGg] b'/bzL{ ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{' xf] . ;j{xf/fju{sf] kf6L{ g]t[Tj / qmflGtnfO{ ef“hf] kfg]{ x/]s s'l6n if8\oGqsf lj?4 Hjf/ef6f em}+ hfOnfUb} ljZj qmflGtsf] em08f / ce]B cfwf/Onfsfsf] /Iff / ljsf; ug{ / ljZj hg;d'bfo;“u Psfsf/ ub}{ xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] cfpg] eofgs r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug'{ sd/]8 dfcf]n] xfdLnfO{ ;'Dk]/ hfg' ePsf qmflGtsf P]ltxfl;s cleef/fx? x'g\ .

ljljw vfn] cj;/jfb, blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb, 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] ;}Go kmf;Ljfb / ;fd|fHojfb ljz]iftM ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf x/]s vfnsf if8oGqx?nfO{ rsgfr'/ kfb}{ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf g} k"/f ug'{ qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] st{Jo / clwsf/ xf] . cfh ljZj qmflGtsf dxfg\ u'? ;j{xf/fju{sf c;nL g]tf sd/]8 dfcf]sf] !!@cf}+ hGd hoGtL /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] eLif0f n8fO{+sf] d}bfgaf6 dgfpg' g} o;sf] ;f/ tTj / dd{ xf] . dxfg\ u'? s=dfcf]–nfn ;nfd †

dfcf]jfbL z'l4s/0f

sdnk|;fb

=e"ldsfM

s=dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] kf6L{, ;]gf, ;Qf / ;du| cfGbf]ng leq b]lvPsf sdL—sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ x6fpg] p2]Zon] af/Daf/ z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng rnfPsf] lyof] . vf;u/L hfkfg lj/f]wL o'4sfndf, d'lQmo'4sfndf, u0ft+q :yfkgf kl5sf] sfndf,  !(%& df rnfOPsf] z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng / cleofg ljz]if pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ . To;f] t !(^^ df z'? ul/Psf] …dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtÚ klg cfkm\gf] ;f/tTjdf Ps ;jf{lws dxTjk"0f{, dxfgtd\ / pRrtd\ z'4Ls/0f cleofg g} lyof] .

dfcf] eGg'x'G5—æz'4Ls/0fsf] tfTko{ cfºgf] lrGtgk4lt / sfo{z}nLnfO{ ;Rrfpg' xf] .Æ x]bf{ ;/n / ;'Gbf ;fwf/0f h:tf] nfUg] o; egfOdf lgs} w]/} dd{ / dxTj l5k]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf hf] s;}nfO{ klg cfºgf], lrGtg, lrGtg—k4lt - ;f]Rg] tl/sf_ / sfo{z}nLnfO{ ;Rrfpg ufx|f] g} x'G5 . To;}n], elgG5— dflg; cfbtsf] bf; x'G5 . km]l/ klg Pp6f ;r]t / qmflGtsf/Lsf nflu h:tf] ;'s} bf;tfsf lj?4 ;+3if{, ljb|f]x / ljho ug'{ :jefljs / cfjZos s'/f xf] . t;y{ z'4Ls/0f af/+af/ ul//xg' kg]{ x'G5 . o;} sf/0fn] t s=dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] k6s—k6s z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng cleofgs} ?kdf rnfpb} cfPsf] lyof] .

z'4Ls/0fsf] cy{ / cfjZostf

z'l4s/0fsf] cy{ ;/n / ;xh g} 5  . clewfy{df eGg' kbf{ hg;'s} JolQm jf j:t', h;df kmf]xf]/d}nf hd]sf] x'G5, Toxf“ ;kmfO ug'{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . o;} ;kmfO sfo{ jf k|s[of g} z'4Ls/0f xf] . o:t}, nIf0ffy{df eGg' kbf{ cyjf /fhgLlts efiff / cy{df eGg'kbf{ s'g} kf6L{ jf cfGbf]ng / ltgdf ;+nUg g]tf—sfo{stf{ / of]4fx¿sf cfrf/, ljrf/, ;+:sf/—;+:s[lt, afgL—a]xf]/f tyf lrGtg / sfo{z}nLdf /x]sf sdL—sdhf]/L, vf]6 / uNtLx¿nfO{ ;Rrfpg] k|s[of g} z'4Ls/0f xf] . kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf o:tf k|sf/sf uNtL—sdhf]/Lx¿ k|ydtM qmflGtsf/L 1fg jf ;}4flGts r]tgf tyf kf6L{sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd, of]hgf, sfo{z}nL / nIo—p2]Zo, cg'zf;g, lhDd]jf/L, uf]kgLotf cflbsf] 1fgsf] sdLsf sf/0f x'G5g\ eg] låtLotM unt jf cj;/jfbL lrGtg / b[li6sf]0fsf sf/0fn] ubf{ pTkGg x'G5g\ . o;}u/L, g]tf—sfo{stf{x¿df /x]sf ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, cfbt / :jefjut sdL—sdhf]/Lx¿sf sf/0f klg o:tf  k|sf/sf uNtLx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ . o;sf ;fy}, sfd ug]{ z}nL / tl/sf klg c:jfeljs, ckfRo, c;xh / clk|o ePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ ;d]t kf6L{ / cfGbf]ng leq uNtLx¿ x'g] jf csf]{ zAbdf eGg' kbf{ v/fa k|sf/sf ljrf/, ;+:sf/, cfrf/, Jojxf/, cfbt / :jefjn] 3/ ug]{ x'g hfG5 cyf{t\ kmf]xf]/—d}nf / ljs[lt—lj;+ultx¿ hDdf x'g] / a9\g hfg] x'G5 . To;}n] lognfO{ lg/Gt/ ;kmfO ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;} ;kmfOsf] csf]{ gfd z'4Ls/0f xf] .

dfcf] eGg' x'G5—æz'4Ls/0f eg]sf] dfS;{jfbL lzIffsf] Jofks cfGbf]ng xf] .Æ æz'4Ls/0fsf] tfTko{ l;+uf] kf6L{n] cfnf]rgf / cfTdfnf]rgf dfkm{t\ dfS;{jfbsf] cWoog ug'{ xf] .Æ o;/L :ki6 5 dfcf]jfbL z'4Ls/0f eg]sf] cj;/jfbL, ;+zf]wgjfbL lrGtg—k|j[lQ / cfrf/—;+:sf/sf lj?4 ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s ;+3if{ ug'{, ;lRrg'—;Rrfpg' / dfS;{jfbL qmflGtsf/L aGg'—agfpg' xf] . To;}n] z'4Ls/0f ckl/xfo{ x'G5 .

z'4Ls/0fsf] k|s[of

z'4Ls/0f s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/] s= dfcf]n] ;j{k|yd dfS;{jfbL b:tfj]hx¿ v"a cWoog ug]{, ;f] cg';f/ cfºgf] ;f]+rfO / sfo{z}nLsf] lg/If0f ug]{, Tokl5 uNtL, sdL, sdhf]/L x6fpg cfnf]rgf—cfTdfnf]rgf ug]{ / ;xL s'/fnfO{ a9fjf lbg] tyf eljiodf uNtLx¿ x'gaf6 hf]lug ljutsf uNtLx¿af6 l;Sg] tl/sfdf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] kfOG5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{ pxf“n] /f]uLnfO{ arfpg /f]u lgsf] kfg]{, cyf{t\ uNtL ug]{nfO{ klxn] cfnf]rgf jf sfjf{xL ug]{ / kl5 p;nfO{ uNtLaf6 kf7 l;s]/ cl3 a9\g ;3fpg] gLlt / k4lt ckgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . o;}nfO{ z'4Ls/0fsf] csf]{ tl/sf—…Pstf—;+3if{—?kfGt/0fÚsf] tl/sf klg eGg ;lsG5, h;nfO{ dfcf]n] c;fWo} w]/} hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} s= n]lggn] eGg' ePsf]—æ ===h;n] kf6L{ lj/f]wL ljrf/x¿sf] k|rf/ ug]{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ 5“6gL u/]/ cfºgf] z'4Ls/0f ub}{g, Tof] clgjfo{tM klxn] j}rfl/s / kl5 ef}lts ?kd} 6'6\g] 5Æ eGg] egfOnfO{ klg /fd|f];+u cfTd;ft\ u/]/ g} dfcf]n] k"“hLjfb kGyL ln, t]ª\ cflb;+u eLif0f b'O{nfO{g ;+3if{ ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] . vf;u/L dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsfndf o;n] …a'h'{jf x]8Sjf6/ dfly ad jiff{ u/Ú eGg] gf/f dfkm{t cleJolQm kfPsf] lyof] . dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] 5—ljhftLo cyf{t\ ;+zf]wgjfbL / u2f/x¿ h:tf] ls 6«f6\:sL, 5g\ t' :o", rfª\ Sjf] rfcf], No" zfcf] lr / v'|Zrf]edf eg] Pstf—;+3if{—?kfGt/0f / /f]unfO{ lgsf] kf/L /f]uLnfO{ arfpg] gLlt nfu" x'g ;Qm}g .

z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ngsf ;Gbe{df lnlvt /rgfx¿ / ltgsf] dxTj

ljrf/ / /fhgLltdf /x]sf uNtL—sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;Rrfpg] p2]Zon] z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng rnfOPsf] x'gfn] dfcf]n] ljleGg ;dodf rnfOPsf z'4Ls/0f cleofgx¿sf] cy{, cf}lrTo / dxTj :ki6 ub}{ h'g—h'g ;do / kl/l:yltdf h]—h:tf sdL—sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvP, ltgnfO{ ;Rrfpgsf] nflu tt\—tt\ cg';f/ gLlt / 1fg—l;4fGtn] k"0f{ y'k|} /rgfx¿ n]Vg' eof] . kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf b]vfk/]sf dgf]utjfb / o;sf b'O{ leGg ?kx¿ h8;"qjfb / cg'ejjfbn] To;df klg h8;"qjfbn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ aGWofs/0f ug{ vf]h]sf] lyof] . vf;u/L ;f]leot ?;df h;/L qmflGt eof], To;/L g} rLgdf qmflGt ug'{ k5{ eg]/ dfS;{jfbsf] qmflGtsf/L l;h{gzLntfsf] lj/f]w ug]{, rLgsf] ljlzi6tfnfO{ j]jf:tf ug]{ / dfS;{jfbnfO{ ckl/jt{gLo 3f]if0ffkq ( Immutable Doctrine) 7fGg] h8;"qjfbL lrGtg / k|j[lQsf lj?4df ;+3if{ ug]{ qmddf z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng rnfpg] / To; ;Gb{edf …Jojxf/jf/]Ú, …l3;]lk6] kf6L{ n]vgsf] lj/f]w u/Ú h:tf dxTjk"0f{ /rgfx¿ n]Vg' eof] .

dfcf]n] tL h8;"qjfbLnfO{ hjfkm lb+b} eGg' eof]—æ;fdflhs Jojxf/ g} dflg;sf] 1fgsf] ;Totf hf“Rg] s;L xf] .===1fg;+aGwL åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL l;4fGtn] Jojxf/nfO{ k|fylds :yfgdf /fVb5 .Æ dfcf]nfO{ h8;"qjfbL—;+zf]wgjfbLx¿n] …ls;fg dgf]j[lQsf]Ú, …uj+f/Ú, …gk9]\sf]Ú …dfS;{jfb / åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf]  ulx/f] 1fg gePsf]Ú / To;}n} …qmflGt ug{ g;Sg]Ú egL nf+l5t ul//x]sfn] kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngleqsf o; k|sf/sf unt / xfgLsf/s j'h'jf{ lrGtg—k|j[lQaf6 d'Qm ug{ pk/f]Qm /rgfx¿ n]v]/ z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmntfdf k'/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . o;/L dfcf]n] sf] ;xL xf], sf] 1fg ePsf] xf] / sf] qmflGtsf/L xf] eGg] s'/f cGttM rLlgof“ qmflGtsf] Jojxf/åf/f :ki6 ug'{ eof] . rLlgof“ qmflGtsf ;Gb{edf pbf/jfb, gf]s/zfxL / ?l9jfbL z}nL, of+lqs / ;+sL0f{ lrGtg—k4lt, jfdk+yL zAbf8Da/jfb, cfbz{jfb, of+lqs ef}ltsjfb, b':;fxjfb / ljljw vfn] pu|, dWo / blIf0fk+yL cj;/jfbn] af/+af/ 6fpsf] p7fO/xg] / qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ 8l;/xg] ub{y] . To;}n] dfcf]n] …pbf/tfjfbsf] lj/f]w u/Ú, …hgtfsf] ;]jf u/Ú, …kf6L{ sfo{z}nLdf ;'wf/ u/Ú, …hgtfsf aLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx¿sf] ;xL ;+rfngaf/]Ú, …kf6L{leqsf unt ljrf/x¿nfO{ ;'wfg]{ ;+aGwdfÚ h:tf /rgfx¿ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L sfd ug]{ k4lt, g]t[Tj ug]{ tl/sf, cg'zf;g / lhDd]jf/L cflbsf] af]w / axgdf g]tf—sfo{stf{ / of]4fx¿df ePsf sdL—sdhf]/LnfO{ ;Rrfpgsf] nflu …kf6L{ sld6Lsf sfd ug]{ tl/sfx¿Ú, …g]t[Tjsf] tl/sf;+u ;+alGwt s]xL ;jfnx¿Ú h:tf n]v—/rgf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm /rgfx¿n] z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfºgf] prfO / nIodf k'/fpg w]/} 7"nf] d2t u/]sfn] g} oL /rgfx¿sf] ljz]if dxTj 5≤ h;nfO{ ljleGg b]zdf qmflGt ul//x]sf xfdL h:tf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x¿n] ljz]if ulx/fO{k"j{s cWoog u/L nfu" ug'{ h?/L 5 .

z'4Ls/0f g} lsg <

kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf cem vf;u/L kf6L{ g]t[Tj k+lQmdf g} ljhftLo tTj / k|j[lQx¿ /lx/x] / al9/x] eg] cGttM ltgn]  sf7nfO{ wdL/fn] vfP em}+ u/L kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ wf]b|f] agfp“5g\ . To;}n] kf6L{ / qmflGtsf oL wld/fx¿nfO{ Wjz+ ug'{ lgQfGt h?/L x'G5 . Pp6f ;j{xf/fjuL{o qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df u}/;j{xf/f, u}/qmflGtsf/L / u}/sDo'lgi6 ljrf/x¿ 3':g / klGkg ;S5g\ . ltgnfO{ ;dod} /f]syfd ug{ / x's{g glbgsf] nflu kf6L{ ;ts{ /xg' kb{5 . o:tf unt ljrf/—;+:s[lt / cfrf/x¿dWo]  ;aeGbf klxnf] / 7"nf] k|Zg xf]— ljZjb[li6sf]0f sf] k|Zg . ljZjb[li6sf]0f åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL ePg eg] ;j{xf/fjuL{o jf qmflGtsf/L jf ;fDojfbL x'g ;lsb}g . s'g} JolQm, g]tf, kf6L{ jf cfGbf]ngdf cGo sfd—s'/fx¿ hlt;'s} /fd|f] ePklg d'VotM p;sf] g]t[Tjsf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f ;xL 5}g, j}1flgs 5}g / åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL 5}g eg] Tof] cGttM ktg / 3fts eP/ g} hfG5 . To;} x'gfn] dfcf]n] z'4Ls/0f rnfp“bf ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] ;d:of xn ug]{ s'/fnfO{ d'Vo hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

kf6L{leq ljleGg unt ljrf/x¿ aflx/af6 cfpg] jf leq} pTkGg x'g] ub{5g\ . tL ljrf/x¿nfO{ klg ;dod} ;Rrfpg g;lsPdf cToGt 7"nf] Iflt x'G5 . To;}n] dfcf]n] To:tf unt ljrf/x¿ s] x'g\ / ltgnfO{ s;/L ;Rrfpg'k5{ eg]/ ljz]if u+eL/tf /  dxTjsf ;fy z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug'{ eof] . æ kf6L{ leqsf unt ljrf/x¿ ;'wfg]{ ;+aGwdfÚ gfds /rgf o;}sf] k|ltkmn xf] . pQm /rgfdf dfcf]n] :ki6;+u kf6L{leq ;}Gojfb, clthgjfb, c/fhstfjfb , lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfb, dgf]utjfb, JolQmjfb , 3'dSs8 ljb|f]xL ljrf/wf/f / ljKnjjfb h:tf unt ljrf/x¿ ePsf] pNn]v  ub}{ ltgn] kf6L{ / qmflGtdf k'/fpg ;Sg] xfgL—gf]S;fgLsf] ;d]t km]xl/:t lbP/ ltgnfO{ x6fpg]+ tl/sfsf] af/]df klg /fd|f] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] 5 . æljrf/wf/f / /hgLlts  sfo{lbzf 7Ls x'g' jf gx'gfn] ;a} s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ub{5 Æ eGg] dfn]dfjfbL dfGotf cg';f/ pk/f]Qm unt ljrf/x¿ kf6L{df ePdf ltgn] qmflGt xf]Og, k|ltqmflGt lgDtfpg] lglZrt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

dfcf]n] hgtfnfO{ qmflGtsf] lg0f{fos zlQm / hgtfsf] ;]jf ug'{nfO{ kf6L{ sfdsf] Ps d'Vo c+u 7fGg' x'GYof] . To;}n] hgtfdf hfg], l/em\g]—leHg] / em\ofl¨g], hgtf;+u Psfsf/ x'g] s'/fdf hf]8 lbb}+ … hgtf kfgL / xfdL df5f xf}+Ú eGg' eof] . To;}n] hglbzf kqmg' kg]{, hggLlt nfu" ug'{ kg]{, hgtfnfO{ Gofo / hgjfb lbg' kg]{ h:tf s'/fdf klg pxf“n] ljz]if dxTj lbg' eof] . …hgtf dxfg\ x'g\Ú, …hgtf qmflGt rfxG5g\,Ú …hgtf kmnfd] lsNnf x'g\,Ú …hgtf Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf x'g\Ú h:tf ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ dfcf]n] hgtfnfO{ Pstfj4 / uf]njGb ug{ ljz]if d]xgt ug'{ eof] . oL ;asf] k5fl8 hgtfnfO{ sdhf]/ 7fGg], hgtfsf] pk]Iff ug]{, hgtfnfO{ d"v{ 7fGg] h:tf kf6L{leq /x]sf j'h'jf{ ljrf/ / sfo{z}nLsf] kbf{kmf; ug]{ ;d]t p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] .

rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df dfcf]sf] k|ToIf g]t[Tjsf jfjh"b klg ljleGg ;+zf]wgjfbL lrGtg—k|j[lQ tyf Psf+uL / 6k6'{Oo“f 9+un] sfd ug]{ sfo{z}nL klg b]vf kl/g} /xGy] . To;}n] lognfO{ ;Rrfpgsf] nflu cyf{t\—lrGtg / sfo{z}nLdf ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu …sfo{z}nLdf ;'wf/ u/Ú /rgf dfkm{t z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ngnfO{ ult lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

dfcf]n] gof“ 9+un] kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cyf{t\ qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / z}nLn] ;';lHht kf6L{ agfpgsf] nflu klg kf6L{leq Jofks ;+u7gfTds z'4Ls/0f u/]/ r':t, b'?:t, n8fs" / cg'zfl;t qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg' eof] . pxf“n] ;xL ljrf/ dfq eP/ k'Ub}g To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ kf6L{ - g]tf—sfo{stf{_ klg ;xL x'g' kg]{df klg ljz]if dxTj lbg' eof] .

pk/f]Qm 5nkmnaf6 :ki6 x'G5 ls lr=s=kf=df z'4Ls/0f, hf] ljrf/wf/f, lrGtg—k|j[lQ, sfo{z}nL / ;+u7gdf ul/Psf] lyof], lagf kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngsf] lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf/Ls/0f, ;j{xf/fs/0f / j}1flgsLs/0f x'g} ;Qm}gYof] / km:j?k dxfg\ rLlgof“ qmflGt / ;dfhjfb ;kmn x'g} ;Qm}gy] . o;/L :ki6 x'G5 ls rLgdf af/Daf/sf z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ngx¿ lsg cfjZos lyP <

;f+:s[lts qmflGt M Ps pRrtd z'4Ls/0f

rLgdf s=dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ;g\ !(^^ b]lv !(&^ ;Dd dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f+:s[lts qmflGt z'? u/]sf] lyof] . kf6L{ / ;Qfsf] g]t[Tjk+lQmd} kbf;Lg …JolQmTjÚ x¿sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0fd} vf]6 ePsf], pgLx¿sf] ljrf/wf/f g} k|b"lift ePsf] / lrGtg g} sn'lift ePsf] cyf{t\ pgLx¿sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f, ljrf/wf/f / lrGtg j'h'{jf—;+zf]wgjfbL ePsf] / ltgLx¿sf] kf6L{ / ;Qfdf ks8 /x]sf]n] Psflt/ ljZjb[li6sf]0f d} kl/j{tg Nofpg / csf{lt/ ?kfGt/ gx'g]x¿nfO{ kf6L{ / ;Qfaf6 x6fpg' cyf{t\ k"“hLjfb k+yLx¿nfO{ hgsfjf{xL ug'{ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] Ps k|d'v nIo lyof] . o;f] ug'{ eg]sf] lgZrog} Ps pRrtd\ j}rfl/s—;f+u7lgs z'4Ls/0f g} lyof] .

;f“:s[lts qmflGt sfndf ;+Zn]lift dfcf]jfbL l;4fGt xf]—;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt . o;sf] cy{ kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;j{xf/fs/0f / qmflGtsf/Ls/0f ug'{ k5{ eGg] xf]  . hf] ;Lwf z'4Ls/0f g} xf] . ;dfhjfbdf ;d]t ju{x¿sf] cl:tTj /xg] / ju{;+3if{ x'g] x'gfn] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjnfO{ cem tLvf], s]Gb|Ls[t / 3gLe"t ub}{ ju{;+3if{nfO{ klg ;"Id 9+un] ;+rfng u/L qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fP/ dfq ;fDojfbdf k'Ug ;lsg] lgisif{ dfcf]n] lgsfNg' eof] . lglZrt} ?kdf o;k|sf/sf] sfo{ kf6L{, cfGbf]ng / ;dfhjfbs} z'4Ls/0f xf] .

rLgdf ;DkGg dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf bf}/fg ;+Zn]if0f ul/Psf] Pp6f csf]{ dfGotf …# u/ # gu/Ú cyf{t\ ædfS;{jfb nfu" u/, ;+zf]wgjfb xf]Og≤ v'nf / :ki6 xf]pm, 5n5fd / if8\oGq gu/≤ Pstfa4 xf]pm, gkm'6Æ eGg] xf], rLlgof“ blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfbLx¿n] ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ dfS;{jfb atfP/ unt l;4fGt nfu" ug{ vf]h]sf, 5n5fd / if8\oGqsf] unt sfo{z}nL -;+:s[lt_ ckgfpg] u/]sf / kmn:j?k kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ km'6fP/ tx;—gx; kfg{ vf]h]sfn] ltgsf] k|ltsf/ :j?k ;f+:s[lts qmflGt ;+rflnt ul/Psf] lyof], hf] Ps} k6s l;4fGt, sfo{z}nL / lrGtg—k|j[lQ sf] z'4Ls/0f g} lyof] .

;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] csf]{ d'Vo p2]Zo zf]ifs ju{sf k'/fgf /Llt—l/jfh, ;+:sf/—;+:s[lt, afgLJoxf]/f / cfbt—cfrf/sf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf] dfWodaf6 kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ z'4Ls/0f u/]/ gof“ / qmflGtsf/L ;+:s[ltnfO{ :yflkt ug'{ / k'/fgf ljrf/—;+:s[ltsf sf/0f x'g;Sg] k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/fnfO{ /f]Sg' /x]sf] lyof] . vf;u/L dxfg\ ;f]leot ;+3df k|ltqmflGt e};s]kl5 To;af6 lzIff lnO{ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sb} qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ s= dfcf]n] ;jf{lws dxTj lbg'ePsf] lyof] . :ki6 5 k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg' eg]sf] qmflGtnfO{ k|b"lift ug]{ s'/faf6 kf6L{ / qmflGtnfO{ d'Qm ug'{ cyf{t\ z'4Ls/0f xf] eg] qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' eg]sf] klg ljhftLo tTjx¿sf] 3";k}7af6 kf6L{ / qmflGtnfO{ arfp“b} / ltgsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ub}{ cl3 a9\g' xf], hf] :ki6tM cfºgf] ;f/tTjdf z'4Ls/0f g} xf] .

 Dffcf] / cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng

— wd]{Gb| af:tf]nf

;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ u'? dfcf]–T;]–t'ªsf] hGd ePsf] !!! aif{ e};s]sf] 5 / oxL @^ l8;]Da/b]lv !!@cf} jif{df k|j]z ub}{ 5 . of] cj;/df ljZje/sf d'lQmsfdL hgtfn] dxfg\ u'? dfcf]–T;]–t'ªnfO{ ;uf}/e ;Demgf dfq ul//x]sf] 5}g, ;j{xf/f cGt/fl{i6«otfjfbsf] st{Aok|lt j]]ujfg ?kn] rnfodfg ePsf] 5 . ;g !*(# df hGdg' ePsf dfcf]–T;]–t'ªn] ;g !(@! df cGo ;xof]4fsf ;fy rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{leq pu|jfdkGyL / blIf0fkGyLx?sf lj?4 b'O{nfOgsf] ;+3if{sf] lasf;sf] qmddf kf6L{nfO{ gof““ prfOdf p7fp“b} dfcf]n] ;g !(#$ b]lv !(#% ;Dd lscfª;L b]lv o]gfg;Dd Ps xhf/ nL sf] nDa] cleofg ;DkGg ug'{eof] . of] nDa] cleofg lrlgof“ ;Gbe{df oyfy{df ljleGg e8\sfjx?af6 IftlaIft ePsf] kf6L{nfO{ k'g;{+ul7t ug]{ /0fg}lts cleofg lyof] . cw{;fdGtL cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n's rLgdf ;fd|fHojfbsf] bnfnsf] ?kdf ljsf; ePsf] sf]ldGtfªsf] s]lGb|s[t ;Qfsf lj?4 bL3{sfnLg z–;Zq hgo'4sf] ljsf; ub}{ dfcf]n] hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 ;g !(#& b]lv !($% ;Dd /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng rnfpg' eof] / hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfb la/f]wL o'4sf] g]t'Tj ug'{ eof] . bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] of] dxfg\ ofqfdf ;g !($( df sf]ldGtfªsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;/sf/ rLgaf6 efu]/ tfO{jfg k'Uof] . !($(sf] & cS6f]a/df ærLlgof“ hgtf Ao'em]/ p7]sf] 5Æ eGb} /]8:Sjfo/af6 dxfg\ bfz{lgd dfcf]–T;]–t'ªn] rLgdf gof““ hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ePsf] / ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbL oTkL8gaf6 rLg d'Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{eof] .

dfcf]n] Ps ;Rrf ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6«otfjfbLsf] x}]l;otn] !(%) b]lv !(%# ;Dd cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cfqmd0faf6 pQ/ sf]/LofnfO{ d'Qm ug{ j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts Pj+ ef}lts ;xof]u ug'{eof] . ;g !(%# df ;f]leot ;dfhjfbL ?;df dxfg\ dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL sd/]8 :tflngsf] lgwg ePkl5 cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf v|'Zrf]eL ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 a}rfl/s Pj+ /fhg}lts ;+3if{ ub}{ cGt/fli6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj ug'{ eof] . ?;df v|'Zrf]eL ;+zf]wgjfbsf] pbo / ;dfhjfbL ;Qf dfly k|ltqmflGt ePkl5 dfcf]n] ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ng leqsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ u+le/tfk"j{s cWoog ug'{ eof] / qmflGt e};s]kl5 klg kf6L{ leq k}bf x'g] k'“hLkGyLx?sf lj?4 lg/+t/ ;+3if{ rnfO{ /fVg'kg]{ a}1flgs cfjZostfnfO{ kS8b} ;g\ !(^^ df dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;'?jft ug'{eof] . ;g\ !(&! Dff k|ltqmflGtsf/L dxf hf;"; ("super spy") nLg–lkcfcf]n] dfcf]sf] xTof ug]{ b'Zk|of; u¥of] t/, ;+of]un] dfcf] To; b'3{6gfaf6 aRg' eof] . kf6L{leq /x]sf a'h'{jx?sf d'Vofnodf ad aiff{pgsf nflu cf≈jfg ;+u} cufl8 a9L /x]sf] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tf leq} ;g\ !(&^df dxfg\ dfcf]sf] ef}lts z/L/n] of] ;+;f/af6 labf lnof] .

dfcf]–T;]–t'ªn] rLgdf gof““ hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ub}{ ;dfhjfbdf ;+qmd0f ug]{ / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ qmddf ;dfhnfO{ a'emg] / abNg] dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL lj1fgsf] ;f/df tdfd gof“ kxn'x?sf] ljsf; ug'{eof] . dfS;{jfbsf d'Vo tLg kxn'x? åGbfTds ef]ltsjfb, dfS;{jfbL cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf kxn'x?df yk cg';Gwfg u/L To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] a}1flgs lalwsf] ljsf; ug'{ eof] . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbdf dfcf]n] ljsf; ug'{ePsf yk s8Lx?df åGbjfbdf cGt/lj/f]wsf] lgod, ;dfhjfbL cy{zf:qdf gf]s/zfxL bnfn k'“hLjfbsf] ljZn]if0f tyf ;dfhjfbL ;dfhleq ;fDojfb;Dd gk'Ubf ;Ddsf nflu ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;Gt'lnt cy{tGqsf] Aoj:yf, / a}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf lg/+t/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ug'{eof] . o; aLrdf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbn] cfkm\gf] a}1flgs k|of]usf] qmddf dfS;{jfbL la1fgnfO{ dfcf]–T;]–t'ªsf] lgb]{zs ljrf/, dfcf]–T;]–t'ª aLrf/wf/f x'+b} dfcf]jfbdf ljsf; u¥of] . cfh ;+;f/e/sf] ;j{xf/f au{n] cfkm\gf] d'lQmsf] lj1fgsf] ?kdf dfcf]jfbL la1fg k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] a}1flgs cfnf]sdf cfh laZj ;j{xf/f ju{ cfkm\gf] d'lQmsf] nflu h'd'{/fpb} pl7/x]sf] 5 . y'k|} cf/f]x cj/f]xsf afjh'b dfcf]jfbsf] cfnf]sdf k]?sf] ;j{xf/f ju{n] cfwf/ O{nfsfx? lgdf{0f u/]/ 3/]n' ;fdGtjfb tyf gf]s/zfxL k'hLjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] 5fltdf ah| d'Ssf k|xf/ u/]sf] lyof] . cfh xfd|f] b]zdf dfn]dfjfbsf] cfnf]sdf xfdLn] b]zAofkL qmflGtsf/L cfwf/x? t}of/ kf/]sf 5f}+ . s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{ cleofgdf /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]z u/]sf 5f}, xfdLn] dfS;{jfbL la1fgnfO{ jt{dfg ljZjsf] hl6n kl/l:yltdf ;[hgfTds tl/sfn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf nfu" u/]sf 5f} / o;} qmddf dfn]dfjfbnfO{ c? ;d[l4s/0f ub}{ ljrf/ >[+vnfsf] ?kdf k|r08kysf] ljsf; ul/ ;s]sf 5f} . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfnf]sdf clxn]sf] ljZjsf hl6n cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;}4flGts, /fhg}lts ;dfwfgsf kxn'x?sf] pb\3f6g u/]sf 5f}{ / a}1flgs k|of]usf] lalwjf6 ljZjqmflGtsf gof““+ 9f]sfx? vf]Nb} k|r08kynfO{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ljsf;sf] gof“ prfO{df p7fpg sf]lzz ul//x]sf 5f} . g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ;'?jft, ljsf; / lg/+t/tfdf b]lvPsf] dfcf]jfbL la1fgsf] ;RrfO{n] cfh ljZjsf d'lQmsfdL hgtfsf] Wofg cfslif{t u/]sf] 5 . dxfg\ u'? :tfnLg / vf;u/L dfcf]sf] lgwg kl5 qmd;M ;dfhjfbL b]zx?df ePsf k|ltqmflGtx?af6 ;[lht ;Ggf6faf6 xf}l;Psf] ljZjsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{n] au{o'4df ;j{xf/fju{sf] Ifl0fs k/fhonfO{ ;fDojfbsf] cGTo b]Vg] u/L /x]]sf] lyof], cfh p;sf] :ju{df dfcf]jfbn] cf+wL—t"kmfg NofOlbOsf] 5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ck/fh]oL la1fgaf6 ljZj ;fd|fHojfb vNanfO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L cfh dxfg\ u'? dfcf]–T;]–t'ªsf] hGd lbj; ljZj ;j{xf/f au{sf aLr s]xL aif{ cl3sf] h:tf] s]an cf}krfl/stfdf dfq ;LdLt 5}g of] b'lgof“nfO{ emSemSofpg] of}6f ef}lts zlQm (material force) ePsf] 5 .

cfhsf] ljZjdf ;Rrf dfcf]jfbL ge}sg s'g} klg kf6L{, ;+u7g jf AolQm ;xL dfg]df dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL–dfcf]jfbL x'g} ;Sb}g . To:t}, dfcf]jfbL la1fgnfO{ ;xL dfg]df ga'emLsg / To;sf] ;[hgfTs k|of]uaf6 gof“+ cGt/la/f]wx?sf] gof“ ;dfwfgx? gklxNofOsg s'g} klg pTkLl8t hgtfn] d'lQm k|fKt klg ug}{ ;Sb}gg\ . dfcf]jfbL x'g'sf] tfTko{ b'lgof“nfO{ l7s lsl;dn] a'em\g' / To;nfO{ a}1flgs cfwf/df abNg' xf] . lj1fg / k|lalwsf] ljsf;n] cfhsf] ljZjnfO{ hlt ;f+3'/f] agfPsf] 5, ;fd|fHojfbL tyf t]>f] ljZjsf pTkLl8t d'n'sx?df pTkLl8t tyf ;j{xf/f ju{sf nflu k'“hLjfb tyf a}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfb / 3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ klg TolQs} hl6n agfPsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL ljZj Joa:yfn] cfly{s e"–d08nLs/0f, pbf/Ls/0f tyf v'nfkgsf] sf/0f ljZjsf k|d'v cGt/lj/f]wx?— ;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t hgtf / /fi6«x? aLrsf], ;d|fHojfbL d'n'sx?df Psflwsf/ k'+hLjfb / ;j{xf/fju{ aLrsf] / ahf/sf] PsflwkTosf nflu ;fd|fHojfbL zfifs ju{x?sf aLrdf /x]sf cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL cGt/lj/f]wx?— hlt 3lge"t e}/x]sf] 5g\ / qmflGtsf/L pef/sf nflu hlt ;Defjgfx? v'Nb} uPsf 5g\, ;j{xf/f au{sf nflu tL cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] k/Lrfng u/L qmflGtsf/L pef/nfO{ qmflGtsf/L hgo'4 / ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fdf :yfGt/Lt ug{ TolQs} r'gf}ltx? klg v8f eP/ plePsf 5g\ . Plzof, ck|mLsf tyf Nofl6g cd]l/sfdf ;fd|fHojfbL pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm x'g vf]hL/x]sf hgtfn] To;sf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df nfvf}sf] alnbfgL lbPsf] 5 . t/ dfn]dfjfbsf] la1fgnfO{ ks8\g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f o:tf ;+3if{x? of t cGw/fi6«jfbdf ktg ePsf 5g, of hftLo tyf wfld{s cGwsf/df km+;]sf 5g . kl/0ffd :j?k hgtfsf] ;+3if{zLn phf{ g s]an ;+3if{b]lv ;+3if{ / lagf;b]lv ljgf;;Dd uf]nrSs/ vfO/x]sf] 5, o;n] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] qmflGtsf/L phf{ ;d]t v08Lt ePsf] 5 / k|ltlqmofjfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{n] k|ltlqmofjfbs} v]nf}gf aGg k'u]sf] 5 . blIf0f Pl;ofdf nL6\6] / sfZdL/Lx?n]] rnfPsf ;+3if{x?, d4] k"j{df Kofn]:6fO{gL hgtfsf] ;+3if{, o'/f]ksf] :k]gdf æP6fÆ ;d'xn] rnfPsf] ;+3if{ / pQ/ cfP/Nof08df cfO{ cf/ Pn] rnfPsf ;+3if{x? To;sf pbfx/0fx? x'g . To:t} clk|msf dxfb]zdf nfO{a]/Lof, ;'8fg tyf s+uf] nufotsf tdfd d'n'sx?df klg ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 x/]s aif{ xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf hgtfn] alnbfgL u/]sf] 5 . t/ Toxf“sf] hgtfn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] lj1fgnfO{ ks8\g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f tL ;+3if{x? ;fd|fHojfb of p;sf bnfn tyf Ph]G6x?sf] rSs/df km+;L/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL g]t'Tjsf] cefjdf ;fd|fHojfbL pTkL8gsf lj?4sf] hgtfsf] ;+3if{n] klZrd Pl;ofsf ckmuflg:tfgb]lv O/fg, O{/fs tyf c/a ;fu/ ;Ddsf cfGbf]ngx?nfO{{ wfld{s s6\6/tfjfbsf] r+u'ndf km;fPsf] 5 . cfh tL ;+3if{x?df of t dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf] pkl:ylt g} b]lvb}g, of g]t'Tjsf] pkl:ylt ePsf 7fpx?df cGt/la/f]wx?sf] ;xL kl/rfng ug]{ ;[hgfTdstfsf] cefj b]lvG5 . cfh oL ;3if{x?n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] dfu u/L /x]sf] 5g\, dfn]dfjfbL g]t[Tjsf] dfu u/L /x]sf 5g\ . /, oL ;+3if{x?n] cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf Pp6f gof“ cGt/f{i6«sf] dfu u/L /x]sf 5g\, ljZjdf rln/x]sf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] g}lts, ef}lts Pj+ /fhg}lts tyf j}rfl/s ;xof]usf] dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ .

cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng ;w}e/L ;/n uGtAodf lx+l8/x]sf] 5}g . o;n] s}of] cf/f]x ca/f]x, wSsf dxflaklQ tyf hLjg d/0fsf ;+3if{x? em]Nb} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] Psflt/ k|ltlqmofjfb / ;+zf]wgjfb;+u ;+3if{ u/L/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ aflx/ ;dfhdf x'g] ju{;+3if{sf] k|ltlaDa kf6L{leq b'O{nfO{g ;+3if{sf] hl6n k|lqmofjf6 cufl8 a9L/x]sf] 5 . cGt/fli6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+zf]wgjfbn] ztfAbLb]lv e|li6s[t ub{} cfPsf] 5 . dfS;{jfb ;+u} ljsf; ePsf] gsf/fTds kIf ;+zf]wgjfbsf ljljw :j?kx?sf af/]df ljut s/La b'O{ ztfAbLdf 7"nf 7"nf ;+3if{x? e};s]sf 5g . ;dosf] ult;+u} laleGg ;dodf laleGg ?k–/+udf k}bf x'g] ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 klg nfdf] ;+3if{ e}/x]sf] 5 . w]/} lg0ff{os / hl6n ;+3if{sf afah'b ;+zf]wgjfb—hf] ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ng leqsf] k'“hLjfbL 3';k}7 xf], k'“hLjfb of clxn]sf] o'usf] ;fd|fHojfbsf] k"0f{ cj;fg gx'“bf;Dd ;bfsf nflu a9fl/g] s'/f ;Dej x'b}g . h;sf] sf/0f ;+zf]wgjfbn] laleGg ;dodf laleGg ?kx?df cfkm"nfO k|:t't ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;n] dfS;{sf] ;dodf ;dfhjfbL x'+b}, dfS;{jfbsf] pbokZrft\ dfS;{jfbL eP/ n]lggjfbsf] pbokZrft\ dfS;{jfbL—n]lggjfbL eP/ cfkm"nfO{ k|s6 u/]sf] lyof] / qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf 7"nf] e|d k}bf ug]{ sf]lz; u/]sf] lyof] . dxfg\ n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf ?;df ePsf] dxfg\ cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt, dxfg\ dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf cw{;fdGtL Pj+ cw{ cf}klgj]lzs d'n's rLgdf ePsf] gof“ hgjfbL, ;dfhjfbL Pj+ dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f“:s[lts qmflGtn] ;+zf]wgjfbsf ljljw :j?kx?nfO{ Ps emf]Ssfdf a9f/L lbPsf] lyof] . km]l/ klg dfcf]sf] lgwgkZrft\ dfS;{jfb– n]lggjfbsf] hfdf klx/]/ ;+zf]wgjfbL xf]Shfx?n] dfcf]jfbsf] la/f]w u/]sf lyP . ljZjsf ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] qmflGtsf/L cGt/fli6«otfjfbL cfGbf]ng -/Ld_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ;j} vfn] ;+zf]wfjfbsf lj?4 s7f]/ ;+3if{ ub}{ dfcf]jfbsf] em08f p7fof] . /fhg}lts ;+3if{sf] cjlwdf l;4fGt / /fhgLlts} xltof/ p7fpg] ;+zf]wgjfbn] dfcf]jbsf] ljsf; e};s]sf] cfhsf] o'udf dfn]dfjfbs} vf]ndf qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngleq 3';k}7 gunf{ eGg ;ls+b}g . cfhsf] ljZjdf To;sf To:tf ;+s]tx? klg b]vf kl//x]sf 5g . k]?df cWoIf uf]Ghfnf]sf] uL/km\tf/LkZrft\ dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ ;d]t k|efj kfb}{ b]vf k/]sf] blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbL sfo{lbzf To;sf] Hjn+t pbfx/0f xf] .

cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf Oltxf;df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? clxn] klg ljBdfg 5g\ . cfhsf] ;d:of Psflt/ qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdfly ;+zf]wgjfbLx?jf6 s8f k|xf/ e}/xg' xf] eg] csf]{lt/ qmflGtsf/Lx? laleGg axfgfdf / laz]iftM lz4fGt / Jojxf/sf] åGbfTds ;dfof]hgsf] cefjdf ;'wf/jfb tyf ;+zf]wgjfbsf] lzsf/ x'g' /x]sf] 5 . 7Ls olx+lg/ cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbnfO{ 7Ls lsl;dn] a'em\g] / b'lgof“nfO{ abNg] s'/fdf y'k|} cGt/la/f]wx? /x+b} cfPsf 5g\ . ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ bfz{lgs dfcf]n] åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] ;f/ lvRb} eGg' ePsf] lyof], ls dfS;{jfbdf tdfd ;RrfOx? 5g . t/, tL ;d:t ;RrfOx?sf] ;f/ Pp6} x'g cfp+5, Tof] xf] ælab|f]xÆ of hgtfnfO{ lab|f]x ug]{ clwsf/ . hgtfn] dfgj hfltsf] d'lQmsf] nflu lab|f]xsf] em08f p7fpg] k|Zgdf g} dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ;f/ cGt/ lglxt /x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] lab|f]xdf cGt/ lglxt tdfd ;RrfOx?df Oltxf;n] ;fljt u/]sf] d'Vo k|Zg an k|of]usf] k|Zg xf] . an (force), qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/jf6 k|fKt j}rfl/s Ifdtf / To;sf] clwgdf /x]sf] hgtfsf] z–z:q tfut xf] . cfh sltko cj:yfdf qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngleq /fHo ;Qf k|fKt ug]{ dxfg\ nIo eP klg Psflt/ s]an ;+3if{sf] gfddf ;+3if{b]lv ;+3if{ dfq ug]{, t/ ;+3if{nfO{ ;Qf;+u hf]8]/ ;Qf k|flKtsf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zgsf ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL la1fgsf] k|of]udf gh/ cGbfh u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;Qf k|flKtsf] tTsflns ;Defjgf gePsf] cj:yfdf pknlAwxLg ;+3if{ gug]{ axfgfdf ;+3if{sf] k|ZgnfO{ ;}4flGts ?kn] :jLsf/] klg Jojxf/t k"0f{ ?kn] yflt/fv]sf] kfOG5 . o:t} e8\sfjx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ n]lggn] qmflGtnfO{ s]Gb| laGb'df /fv]/ 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; laZn]if0fsf] lalw to ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]n] t o:tf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ /fhg}lts, ;}4flGts Pj+ kmf}hL If]qdf ;d]t a}1flgs c:qx?n] ;';HhLt t'Nofpg' ePsf] 5 . dfcf]n] qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;r]t e"ldsfnO{ la1fg ;Ddt tl/sfn] kl/rfng ug{ s}of} l;4fGtx?sf] k|ltkfbg ug'{ePsf] xf]] . jxfn] ;Qf k|flKtsf tLg clgjfo{ xltof/ kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{, hgtf / kf6L{aLrsf] ;DaGw df5f / kfgLsf] x'g' kg]{, sfo{ gLlt / /0fgLltsf] k|Zg, bL3{sfnLg hgo'4df 5fkfdf/ o'4, rnfodfg o'4 / df]rf{a4 o'4, ;dfhleq laBdfg cfwf/e"t cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] klxrfg, k|wfg / uf}0f cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] ls6fg tyf ltgsf ;dfwfgsf tl/sfx? h:tf tdfd l;4fGtx?sf] k|ltkfbg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . cfh oL k|Zgx?nfO{ pTkLl8t tyf ;fd|fHojfbL d'n's nufotsf b]zx?df qmflGtsf/Lx?n] >[hgfTds tl/sfn] nfu" ug{ g;s]sf] ca:yfdf qmflGt ;Dej x'g ;Sb}g . hgo'4 bL3{sfnLg of zz:q lab|f]x h'g;'s} / h:tf] ;'s} eP klg, of hgo'4 cw{ ;fdGtL cw{cf}klgj]zLs d'n'sdf of ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx?df hxf“ / h:tf] ;'s} cj:yfdf ul/P klg o:tf] qmflGtsf/L o'4sf] d'Vo nIo k|ltlqmofjfbLx?af6 ;j{xf/fju{n] ;Qf k|flKt ug{ n]lggn] laZn]if0f ug'{ ePsf] qmflGtsf/L ;+s6 (Revolutionary Crisis) k}bf ug'{ g} x'G5 . oxf u+eL/ laifo s] xf] eg] qmflGtsf/L ;+s6 k}bf ug]{ k|Zg ;a} 7fp“x?df Ps} k|sf/n] x'g ;Sb}g, t/ qmflGtsf/L ;+s6 lagf laZjsf] s'g} klg d'n'sdf qmflGt ;DkGg x'g} ;Sb}g . cem cufl8 eGg] xf] eg] ;Qf leqsf] ;+s6 ge}sg, of ;Qfleq ;+s6 k}bf ge}sg ;dfhjfbL ;Qfdf k|ltqmflGt klg x'g ;Sb}g . ;+s6 ;Qf kl/jt{gsf] clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . /, qmflGtsf/L ;+s6 qmflGt x'gsf nflu clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . cfh cGt/{fli6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf qmflGtsf/L ;+s6 k}bf ug{ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;r]t, ;+u7gfTds Pj+ an k|of]usf] e"ldsf -h;nfO{ csf{] cy{df Aojxf/—1fg—Aojxf/ elgG5_ nfO{ cem} bx|f] u/L kS8g g;s]sf] klg kfOG5 .

=pbfx/0fsf] nflu, g]kfndf ljsf; e}/x]sf] hgo'4, h;n] ljZje/sf ljljw hg;d'bfonfO{ ljljw tl/sfn] cfslif{t u/]sf] 5, To;nfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fx?df klg ljljwtf kfOG5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ PssfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hl6n r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf lnPsf] k|i6} b]lvG5 . cd]l/sL hf;"; ;+sfosf zf]wvf]hstf{x?n] olb g]kfndf hgo'4 ;kmn eof] eg] To;sf] csf]{ bz aif{df ef/tdf klg ;kmn x'g] / csf]{ bz aif{df rLgdf ;d]t dfcf]jfbL ;Qf kms{g ;Sg] h;n] ljZjnfO{ g} ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] nk]6fdf kfg{ ;Sg] qf;bL b]lv/x]sf 5g . To;/L dfcf]jfbn,] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ;kmntfsf] ;t{df, cfufdL jL; aif{df ljZjnfO{ ;fDojfbsf] ;+;f/df ws]Ng ;Sg] vt/f b]Vg'sf k5fl8 pgLx?sf] ts{ /x]sf] 5 ls g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] hf] a:t'ut ca:yf 5 ;f/df Tof] qmdzM ef/t clg rLg x'“b} ;+;f/e/ g} laBdfg 5 . of] a:t'ut ca:yfdf dfcf]jfbsf] k|of]u h;/L g]kfndf ul/Psf] 5 Tof] lkmnLkLG;, adf{ / oxf“ ;DdsL k]? eGbf klg a]Un} 9+un] ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L ;+;f/nfO{ g} 89]nf] nufpg] xltof/sf] e08f/ ePsf ;fd|fHojfbLx? Dffcf]jfbsf] 89]nf]]df ;d|fHojfb g} v/fgL x'g] vt/f b]lv/x]sf 5g\ .

To;sf] ljkl/t, g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ sltko qmflGtsf/Lx?n] o;/L a'em\g] u/L /x]sf 5g ls g]kfndf hgo'4sf] ;kmn x'gsf] dVo sf/0f af6f]3f6f] laxLg cgs06f/ kxf8x? x'g' xf] . To:t} csf]{ sf/0f g]kfnL ;]gf ;fwg, >f]t / ;Lksf] cefjdf ;fd|fHojfbL d'n's?df x'g] k'ln; eGbf klg sdhf]/ x'g' xf] . ;fk]lIft ?kn] of] s'/f ;To xf] ls ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'ssf k'ln;eGbf t]>f] ljZjsf ;]gfx? sd} bfgf–kfgLdf Ho'g / n8\g afWo 5g . jf:tlas tYo of] xf] ls h'g k}dfgfdf vf; b]zsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs ljsf; ePsf] x'G5, hgtf / b'Zdgsf] aLrsf] b'/L klg ToxL k}dfgfdf ljsf; e}/x]sf] x'G5 . d'Vo s'/f a}1flgs ljrf/nfO{ xltof/n] lg:t]h ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] xf] . To:t}, g]kfndf hgo'4sf] ljsf; x'g sltko qmflGtk|]dLx?sf] ljrf/df csf]{ sf/0f ljzfn / zzQm kf6L{ klxn]b]lv g} laBdfg x'g' xf] tyf g]kfnL hgtfdf sDo'lgi6x?sf] ljzfn k|efj x'g' xf] . of] s'/f klg ;To xf] ls oL j:t'ut tYox? xfd|f] b]zdf hgo'4sf] ;'?jft x'g' k"j{ laBdfg lyP . t/, P}ltxfl;s ;To of] xf] ls g]kfndf of] l:ylt s]an @)%@ ;fndf dfq lyPg . clxn]sf] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] a'em\g cfjZos s'/f s]xf] eg] ;f/df dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] dfu{lgb]{zgdf dfq b]zn] ljZjnfO{ cfh gof“ kl/ro lbO/x]sf] 5 . km]l/ klg, clxn] g} oxf“ of] s'/fsf] k|ltkfb ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf]Og, ug{ vf]lhPsf] of}6} s'/f qmflGtsf/Lx? / k|ltlqmofjfbLx?df cfkm\gf] ju{ b[l6sf]0fk|lt sf] a9L :ki6 5 eGg] dfq xf] . dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ;d|fHojfbLx? tyf k|ltlqmofjfbLx?nfO{ /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s Pj+ bfz{lgs?kn] ;d]t k/f:t ug{ ;Sg] u/L cfkm"nfO{ / cfkm\gf] ljrf/nfO{ z–z:q ug{ ;s]g eg] To;n] dfcf]jfbL lab|f]xsf] em08f p7fpg ;Sb}g / p7fOxfn] klg laho xfl;n ug{ ;Sb}g . lsgeg] b'Zdgn] cfkm\gf] ju{b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ ;vfk kfg{ h'g /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] k|of]u ub{5 To;sf] ToxL k}dfgfdf d'sflanf ug{ g;Sg'df ;j{xf/fju{sf] k/fho klg l5lk/x]sf] x'G5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbn] cfh cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]hL /x]sf] 5 .

cGt/lj/f]wsf] cGt/ a:t' ;xL k|sf/n] ks8g'sf] tfTko{–x/]s a:t'sf] cl:tTj b'O{ ljkl/t tTjx?sf] Pstf xf] eGg] s/fnfO{ a'em\g', cyjf o;nfO c? laGof“; ubf{ ;+3if{, Pstf / ?kfGt/0fdf cGt/lgxLt x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTdf;ft ug{' x'g cfp5 . bdg / k|lt/f]w, qmflGt / k|ltqmflGt, Wj+; / lgdf{0f, hLjg / d/0f Pscfk;sf cGt/la/f]wL tTjx? x'g . ha;Dd of}6f ;dfhn] of}6f a:t'ut ca:yfaf6 ;+3if{–Pstf–?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofjf6 csf]{ ca:yfdf ?kfGt/Lt x'b}g ta;Dd k|lt/f]wsf] 7fpdf cem 7"N7"nf bdgx?, qmflGtsf] 7fpdf cem eofgs k|ltqmflGtx?, lgdf{0fsf] 7fpdf cem eofgs Wj+zx? ;Defljt e}/xG5g of clgjfo{ g} x'g k'Ub5g . o;}nfO{ b'O{ ljkl/tx?sf] Pstf elgG5 . ;dfhdf of] ju{;3if{ xf] . bdg, Wj+z / elatAoaf6 k'/} ar]/ qmflGt ;Dej 5}g . dfcf]jfbn] of] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ 7Ls tl/sfn] a'em\g / To;cg';f/ To;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ l;sfPsf] 5 . cfh ljZjsf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] a:t'sf] gsf/fTds kIfnfO{ dfq x]/]/ ;sf/fTds pkfb]otfsf] lglDt qmflGtsf/L st{JonfO{ laif{g] / ;sf/fTds kIfx?sf] vf]hL ub}{ lx8\bf gsf/fTds r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ s'/fnfO{ la;{g] PsfªLkgaf6 d'Qm x'g cfjZos 5 . cfh dxfg\ u'? dfcf]sf] !!@ cf}+ hGd lbj;sf] cj;/df ljZje/sf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] of] af:tljstfnfO{ dgg ug{ cfj:os 5 .

g]kfnL hgo'4n] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf dxfg\ u'? dfcf]n] ;'? ug'{ePsf] dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f:s[lts qmflGtsf] k|:yfg laGb'af6 cfkm\gf] ofqfnfO{ z'? ub}{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] k|lqmofdf tyf k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] tyf PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf laifodf h'g cGt/fl{i6«o ax; ;'? u/]sf] 5, To;n] ljZjsf] ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ dfcf] / dfcf]jfbsf laifodf c? ulx/fOsf ;fy cWoog ug{ cfslif{t u/]sf] 5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kyn] ljsf; u/]sf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbL tyf ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf nflu kmf}hL sfo{lbzfsf ;Gbe{df clxn]s} ;Gbe{df qmflGtsf/L lsQfleq ax;sf] laifo alg/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfnL hgo'4n] ljZjsf] kl/j]zdf dfcf]jfbL o'4sf] rl/qnfO{ g} a]Un} k|sf/n] k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . oyfy{df lxhf] dfcf]jfbL o'4nfO{ cft+ssf] k|ofodf x]g]{ tdfd hg;d'bfon] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] cg'ejdf o;nfO{ cfd hgtfsf] hLjg z}nLdf x]g{ yfn]sf] 5 . lxhf] dfcf]nfO{ rLlgof g]tf, ls;fgx?sf] g]tf dfGg]x? g]kfnL hgo'4s} sf/0f ;fj{ef}d k|flwsf/ ;j{xf/f au{sf bfz{lgs dfGg k'u]sf 5g\ . cfh ?; leq} klg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] hGd ePsf] 5, / ljsl;t klZrd o'/f]ksf d'n'sx?df ;d]t dfcf]jfbL zlQmx?sf] ljsf; x'b} uPsf] 5 . hftLo tyf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng rnfO/x]sf tdfd zlQmx?n] g]kfnL hgo'4 / dfcf]jfbk|ltsf] ljsf;sf] qmdnfO{ cle?lrsf ;fy x]l//x]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf of] of}6f ljzfn pknAwL xf] .

olta]nf ljZjsf hg;d'bfon] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljhosf] z+vgfb kvL{ /x]sf] 5 . 7Ls olta]n} ljZjs} s/La Ps rf}yfO{ hg;+Vof ePsf] ef/tdf zz:q ;+3if{ rnfO/x]sf b'O{j6f dfcf]jfbL kf6Lx?sf] Pstf eP/ ef/tLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf] pbo x'g'n] ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{d} gof“ t/+u k}bf u/]sf] 5 . ef/tdf k}bf ePsf] of] qmflGtsf/L cfTdut kl/l:yltn] qmflGtsf] t'kmfgL s]Gb| /x]sf Pl;of, clk|msf tyf Nofl6g cd]l/sL d'n'sx?df blIf0f Pl;ofnfO{ cTolws la:kmf]6s agfOlbPsf] 5 . / k/Ll:yltnfO{ ;j{xf/f ju{n] 7Ls lsl;dn] g]t[Tj lbg ;Sg] xf] eg] of] lj:kmf]6sf] Hjfnfn] ljZjnfO{ g} cfkm\g] nk]6df Nofpg] P]ltxfl;s /km\tf/nfO{ s'g} tfutn] 5]Sg ;Sg] 5}g . of] cj:yfdf Psflt/ lkmnLkLG;b]lv cd]l/sf;Dd / ef/tb]lv t'sL{;Dd, ljZje/sf dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/L kf6Lx?n] cf–cfkm\gf b]zx?df dfcf]jfbL zlQmx? aLrsf] w'|jLs/0fnfO{ tLj| agfpg cfjZos 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;Rrf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] gof“ k|sf/sf] cGt/fli6«osf] ljsf; ug{ cToGt} cfjZos e};s]sf] 5 . To;sf] nflu cfh o:tf] cGt/fli6«osf] e|'0fsf] ?kdf :yflkt qmflGtsf/L cGt/fli6«otfjfbL cfGbf]ng -/Ld_ n] tyf o;leqsf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{x?n] of] cfjZostfsf] axznfO{ gof“ prfOdf p7fpb} To;k|sf/sf] kxndf hf]8 ug{ cfjZos 5 / /Ld eGbf afxL/ /x]sf qmflGtsf/L kf6L{x?n] ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] lxtnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ o:tf] kxndf ;dflxt x'g' Oltxf;sf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .

cfh ;+;f/e/df ljsl;t kl/l:yltn]] dxfg\ dfcf]n] b]Vg' ePsf] ljZjnfO{ g} pyn k'yn kf/L lbg] %) b]lv !)) aif{x?sf] cfudgsf] ;+s]t ub{5 . t/, dfcf] lbj;s} cj;/df ;j{xf/fju{n] a'emg'kg]{ a:t'ut oyfy{ s] xf] eg] tL pynk'ynsf lbgx? ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;r]t k|oTg / pTkL8gsf lj?4 d'Qm x'g ;j{xf/f ju{sf] dxfg\ / pTs6 alnbfgL ;lxtsf] /utsf] d'No lagf cfkm} aif{g] 5}gg .

@$ l8;]Da/ @))$ 

;flxTo÷snf

;Gbe{ !!!cf}+ dfcf] hoGtLsf]M k|;+u g]kfnL hgo'4 l;lh{t ;flxTo ;+:s[ltsf]

– lx/fd0fL b'vL

        xfdLn] xfd|f] ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] s'/f ug'{kbf{ km]/L klg sd/]8 dfcf]n] o]gfgdf lbPsf] ;flxTo–snf ;DaGwL k|jrgnfO{ :d/0f ug{ k'Ub5f}+ . o2lk ;flxTo / snf ;DaGwdf dfS;{, Pª\u]N; / n]lggx?n] ;':ki6 ?kdf dfS;{jfbL dfGotf cufl8 ;fg'{ePsf] 5 . t/ klg xfd|f] b]zsf] jt{dfg cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs / /fhg}lts l:yltnfO{ s]nfp“bf / jt{dfg o'usf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ dfS;{jfb / n]lggjfbsf] hudf 6]s]/ ljsl;t ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ljrf/nfO{ g} d'Vo k|:yfgljGb' agfP/ dfq cl3 a9\g ;S5f}+ . To;}n] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] s'/f ubf{ dfcf]jfbL ;+:s[lt, snf / ;flxTo g} olta]nfsf] d'Vo lgb]{zs l;4fGt aGg k'Ub5 .

        ;flxTo / /fhgLltnfO{ cnu cnu ?kaf6 a'¤g] / JofVof ug]{ k|ltlqmofjfbL sf]0f xf] . pgLx?n] oL b'O{ ljifonfO{ leGg ?kdf pEofOlbG5g\ . t/ dfS;{jfbLx? hlxn] klg oL b'O{ ljifo Psfk;df cGt/lgxLt 5g\ / /fhgLlts} sdf08df ;a} s'/f ;~rfng x'G5g\ eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . hf] s'/f g} ;To xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 ;flxTo, snf ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf] cfGbf]ngn] /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngs} k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .

        s=dfcf]n] o]gfgdf lbg'ePsf] ;flxTo–snf ;DaGwL ;Defif0f xfd|f] o'usf] ;j{sflns b:tfj]h xf] eGbf km/s kb}{g . Toxf“ dfcf]T;] t'ªn] d'Vo?kdf ;f+:s[lts kN6gsf] s'/fnfO{ lgs} hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . ;j{xf/f ju{n] /fHo;Qf k|fKt ug{sf lglDt lg0ff{os?kdf cfºg} ;]gf lgdf{0f u/]/ ;z:q ;+3if{ rnfpg h] hlt dxŒj / cfjZostf 5 Toxf“ dfG5]sf] ;Dj]bgzLntfdfly Wofg lbP/ snd / aGb'ssf] df]rf{sf] dxŒj klg TolQs} /xG5 . o;sfnflu s=dfcf]n] ;f+:s[lts kN6gsf] dxŒjdfly hf]8 lbg' ePsf] xf] . pxf“ eGg'x'G5– æzq'nfO{ x/fpgsf lglDt xfdLn] d'Vo?kn] aGb'swf/L ;]gfdfly e/ kg'{ kb{5 . t/ of] ;]gf dfq k|ofKt x'“b}g . xfdL;+u ;f+:s[lts ;]gf klg x'g} kb{5 . hf] xfd|f k+lQmx?nfO{ Pstfj4 kfg{ / b'ZdgnfO{ x/fpg clgjfo{?kn] cfjZos 5 .Æ

        j}rfl/s /fhgLltn] g} ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ s'/fsf] sdf08 u/]sf] t x'G5 g} t/ dfG5]df efjgf, ;Dj]bgf, cfj]u, ljj]s ;a} x'g] ePsfn] dfG5]nfO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] ;flxTon] k|efj kf5{ . hLjzf:qLx? eG5g\ ;+uLtn] t jf]6 lj?jf, hgfj/ / r/f r'?¨LnfO{ ;d]t d'Uw kfb{5 . h;sf] k|ToIF?kdf xfdLn] ;j]/fn] cfºgf] jLgjfhfsf] w'gdf ljzfn' ;k{nfO{ klg cfºgf] a;df lnPsf] t xfdL b]v]s} 5f}+ . To;}n] xfdL ;dfhdf Pp6f /fhgLlt1sf] efif0fnfO{ eGbf snfsdL{sf] uLt ;+uLtn] dfG5]sf] lbnlbdfudf l56f] k|efj kf/]sf] xfdL kfp“5f}+ . t;y{ xfd|f ;f+:s[lts ;flxlTos sdL{x? ljrf/n] ;':ki6 x'g ;s]gg\ jf ;j{xf/f r]tgfn] k|ltj4 ePgg\ eg] ;dfhnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] e|li6s/0f ug]{ klg pgLx? g} x'G5g\ . o; ljifonfO{ s=dfcf]n] eGg'x'G5– æxfd|f /rgfx?n] t pgLx?nfO{ -hgtfnfO{– n]=_ Pstfj4 x'g, k|ult ug{, Psdg / Ps k|f0f eP/ cl3 a9\g lk5l8Psf s'/fx? TofUg / qmflGtsf/L s'/fx?sf] ljsf; ug{ ;3fpm k'¥ofpg' k5{ . / To;sf] pN6f] sfd eg] lgZro g} ug'{x'“b}g .Æ o; tYonfO{ cem :ki6 kfb}{ ;f+:s[lts sdL{x?n] obL ljrf/n] :ki6 ePgg\ / OdfGbf/ ePgg\ eg] ;j{xf/f /fHo;QfnfO{ s;/L k|efj kf5{g\ eGg] ljifodf ?; / rLgsf] pbfx/0f lb+b} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIF sd/]8 k|r08n] ?;df ;f+:s[lts dGqfno g} ;a}eGbf klxn] a'h'{jf lrGtgaf6 e|li6s/0f ePsf] / rLgdf ;f+:s[lts IF]qaf6} ;j{xf/f x]8Sjf6{/dfly xdnf af]lnPsf] tYonfO{ :d/0f ug{ cfu|x ug'{x'G5 . g]kfnL qmflGtdf klg cfkm"nfO{ jl/i7 ;flxTosf/sf] ku/L u'y]sfx?af6 hgo'4nfO{ …/f“s] e"tÚ b]Vg] / cfkm"x? PghLcf] k|j[lQaf6 ei6 ePsf] tYonfO{ rLg / ?;s} g]kfnL ;+:s/0f egL cWoIf s=k|r08n] lrq0f ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] g]kfndf klg ;f+:s[lts kN6g sf] dxŒj pNn]v ub}{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] hudf 6]s]/ pleg'kg]{ / Tof] TolQs} k|ltj4 /xg] klg hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .

        cWoIF s=dfcf]n] o]gfgdf ;flxTo, snf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL a}7snfO{ ;Djf]wg u/]sf] ;dodf :jod dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 k|lt/f]w o'4 5]l8Psf] lyof] . Tolta]nf qmflGtsf/L n]vs ;flxTosf/x? cfwf/IF]qdf s]lGb|t ePsf lyP . dfcf]n] Tof] ca;/nfO{ ;]gf / ;f+:s[lts df]rf{aLr PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t x'g h?/L ePsf] atfpg' eof] / eGg'eof]– æxfdLn] cfºgf] qmflGtsf/L sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] xf] eg] oL b'O{ y/L ;]gfx?nfO{ Psfsf/ ug}{k5{ . xfd|f] cfhsf] j}7ssf] pb]Zo ;flxTo / snf ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L ldl;gl;t cleGg kf6{k"hf{sf] ?kdf /fd|/L hf]l8o'g, ltgLx? hgtfnfO{ Pstfj4 / lzlIft t'Nofpg] tyf zq'nfO{ k|xf/ ug]{ / gi6 ug]{ zlQmzfnL xltof/ ag'g\ / tLgn] hgtfnfO{ Ps dg, Ps k|f0f h:tf] eP/ zq'l;t h'¤g d2t u?g eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;'lglZrt kfg'{ xf] .Æ pxf“n] of] nIo k|fKt ug{ s]xL ;d:of /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . tL ;d:ofx?df juL{o c8fgsf] ;d:of, k|j[lQsf] ;d:of, kf7s bz{ssf] ;d:of, sfo{sf] ;d:of / cWoogsf] ;d:of g} n]vs snfsf/ Pj+ ;f+:s[lts sdL{x?sf] ;d:of xf] egL cf}+Nofpg' eof] .

        cfh xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df klg pko'Qm tYo g} 7Ls;+u d]n vfPsf] 5 . olta]nf o'4 k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf k'u]sf] 5 . /fi6«3ftL s'nfª\3f/x?n] /fi6«nfO{ g} bfpmdf yfk]/ ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHojfb;fd" cfTd;dk{0f ul//x]5g\ . /fli6«otf emg\ kl5 emg\ vt/fdf kb}{ uPsf] 5 . 7Ls oxL kl/l:yltdf ;+zf]wgjfbn] 3'“8f 6]s]/ cfTd;dk{0f ul//x]sf] 5 / csf]{ tKsf hgo'4nfO{ g} ;Qf];/fk u/]/ pN6} k|ltlqmojfbL zlQmnfO{ g} dnhn k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ oxf“sf ;flxTosf/ n]vs snfsf/x?df klg sd/]8 dfcf]n] p7fpg' ePsf] ;d:ofn] g} uf“h]sf] s'/f g} ;To /xg uPsf] 5 . To;}n] hgtfsf] efjgf, /fli6«otf, / qmflGtsf/L kxnsf lj?4 cfjfh gp7fpg] ;flxTonfO{ ljifsf] ;+1f lb+b} cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] eGg'ePsf] 5– æhg;d'bfosf lj?4 k'/fgf] kmf;LjfbL ;Qfåf/f eO/x]sf] cTofrf/sf lj?4 cfjfh gp7fpg] tyf hg;d'bfosf] ljb|f]x / qmflGtsf/L kxnsf lj?4 eO/x]sf] k|lts[ofjfbL / ;+zf]wgjfbL ljif–jdgsf] k|ltsf/ gug]{ ;flxTo hgtfsf] lgldQ ljiffn' dfq x'g]5 .Æ

        sd/]8 dfcf]n] ;flxlTos / ;f+:s[lts IF]qdf /x]sf ;d;ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] a8f] ;'Id 9+uaf6 JofVof ug'{ePsf] 5 . To;sf] lgrf]8df /rgfnfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg' kg]{ / ;fy;fydf :t/ psf:g] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . nf]slk|o agfpg' eg]sf] ju{ zq'x?k|lt ;Dk"0f{ hgtfnfO{ ljb|f]xdf ptfg'{ / :t/ psf:g' eg]sf] hgtfsf] k'/fgf], ?9Lut r]tgfnfO{ ;d[4 ub}{ åGåfTds P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL agfpg' xf] . o;nfO{ ;/n?kdf kl/eflift ub]{ dfcf]n] s'g s'/f klxnf] k|fyldstf xf] / s'g ;xfos xf] eGg] ljifonfO{ s]nfpg'ePsf] 5 . b]zdf ;fd|fHojfb / 3/]n' ;fdGtjfbn] /fli6«otfnfO{ ldlr/x]sf] cj:yfdf klxnf] sfd zq'sf lj?4 Ps dg, Ps k|f0f eP/ n8\g' xf] . of] eg]sf] ;flxTo ;+:s[ltsdL{x?n] cfºgf] /rgf nf]slk|o agfpg' xf] . cyf{t hgtfnfO{ ljb|f]xsf lglDt ;+u7Lt ub}{ Pstfj4 kfg'{ / k|Tofqmd0f -k|lt/f]w_ ug'{ xf] . o;nfO{ pxf“n] …hf8f] df};ddf bfp/f k'¥ofpg'Úsf] ;+1f lbg'ePsf] 5 . o;/L kf7ssf] ;d:of klg xn x'G5 / qmflGtsf/Lx?n] kf7s vf]Hg cfwf/IF]qdf, u|fdL0f j:tLdf hfg'k5{ . hxf“ ls;fg, dhb'/ x'G5g\ . hf] nfvf}+ / s/f]8f}+sf] ;+Vofdf 5g\ . /, pgLx? hf8f]df bfp/f gkfP/ 56\kl6Psf x'G5g\ .

        clxn] xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df klg ToxL s'/f nfu" x'G5 . b]zdf hf8f] r9]sf] 5 . of] hf8f] x6fpg bfp/fsf] vf“rf] 5 . Tof] eg]sf] qmdzM k|lts[ofjfb / ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] u7aGwgn] zfxL kmf;LjfbL bnfnnfO{ cem dha'b kfb}{ 5g\ / gf}+ jif{;Ddsf] ux[o'4 /fli6«o o'4df abln+b} 5 . To;sfnflu bz]eQm, jfdkGyL, k|ultzLn zlQmx?nfO{ Ps z"qdf, Ps k|f0fdf af“Wg' h?/L 5 . of] g} hf8f]df bfp/fsf] k"lt{ ug'{ xf] .

        sd/]8 dfcf]T;] t'ª Pp6f /fhgLlt1 JolQmTj dfq geP/ @)cf}+ ztfAbLsf Ps d"w{Go ;flxlTos JolQmTj klg x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“n] ;flxlTos IF]qdf lbPsf] of]ubfgdf pxf“sf] bfz{lgs ljrf/ t 5“b} lyof], To;df pxf“ :jod lrlgof“ ;flxTodf Ps k|ltli7t slj klg x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf sljtfx? ;j{JofkL / ;j{sflns aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . pxf“sf sljtfx?n] g]kfnL hgof]4fx?nfO{ ;d]t k]|l/t ug]{, phf{, zfx; k}bf ug]{ vfnsf /x]sf 5g\ . olta]nf dfcf] hoGtL dgfpg'sf] tfTko{ xf] xfdLn] dfcf]nfO{ cem ulx/f], ;'Id 9+un] k9\g' / To;nfO{ hLjg Jojxf/df nfu" ug'{ .

        xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08 eGg'x'G5– æOltxf;sf s'g} klg dxfg\ /fhg}lts qmflGtx? cfk}mdf dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts qmflGt klg x'g] ub{5 .Æ of] s'/f cfh xfd|f] qmflGtdf ;To ;fljt ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf dxfg\ /fhgLlt1, bfz{lgs, ljrf/sx?sf] egfO{ z"qjfSo geO{ j:t'ut cWoogsf] ;f/ x'g] ub{5 . t;y{ Tof] ;fj{ef}d / j}1flgs x'g] ub{5 . lsgls x/]s b]zsf] /fhg}lts qmflGtn] :jtM Toxf“sf hgtfsf] r]tgfdf ;d[l4s/0f u/]sf] x'G5 . slyt zxl/of a'l4hLjL, n]vs, ;flxTosf/x?n] u+jf/, nf6f, :jf“7 elgPsf u|fdL0f b'/b/fhsf hgtfsf] r]tgfdf hgo'4n] ;d[l4s/0f u/]sf] 5 . j:t'hut x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf cfd"n kl/jt{g NofO{lbPsf] 5 . cfºgf ?9Lut / k5\of}6] ;f+:s[lts r]tgfdf kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 . xhf/f}+ jif{b]lvsf] cfºgf] >d / kl;gf sxf“ y'lk|/x]sf] lyof] / To;sf] cz'nL s;/L ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] af]w *) jif]{ j[4, j[4fx?df klg u/fPsf] 5 . hgo'4nfO{ cfºgf] 9's9'sL agfPsf 5g\ . slxNo} :s"nsf] cf“ug ;d]t gb]v]sf / lstfasf] kfgf;d]t s:tf x'G5 eGg] yfxf gkfPsf dlxnf, ls;fg, o'jfx?n] syf, sljtf, ;+:d/0f, uLt, lgjGw n]Vg;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . /fd|f] /fd|f] ljDjdf ;flxTo >[hgf ug{;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . ;+w}el/ r'nf]rf}sf]df af“lwPsf dlxnfx? lk7\o"“df emf]nf / sf“wdf /fOkmn af]s]/ b'Zdgsf a+s/df wfjf af]n]/ n8fO{ lht]sf 7"N7"nf s[ltdfg v8f ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] cWoIf s=k|r08 eGg'x'G5– æ/fhgLlt ;flxTodo / ;flxTo /fhgLltdo ePsf] 5 .Æ

        sd/]8 dfcf]n] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df ;of}+ lj?jfnfO{ km"Ng b]pm / xhf/f}+ ljrf/wf/fnfO{ kmqmg b]pm eg]sf] k|;+unfO{ cfhsf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] ax'njfbL 6]«08af6 a'¤g] / egfO{sf] jf:tljs dd{nfO{ tf]8d/f]8 u/L JofVof ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf lj?4 qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfox?nfO{ x's{g, a9\g lbg] / To;leqsf ljiffn' emf/kftnfO{ pv]Ng] s'/fdf dfcf]n] pQm s'/f eGg'ePsf] lyof] . o; ljifonfO{ lnP/ cfh g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ lg/ª\s'z, tfgfzfxL clwgfosjfbL eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] u/]sf 5g\ . /, pgLx?n] ;of}+ ljrf/nfO{ v]Ng lbg] s'/f dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf] 5 egL ax'njfbL ;+:s[ltnfO{ dfGg'kg]{ s'ts{ cufl8 NofPsf 5g\ . o;sf lj?4 ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] d"n dd{nfO{ 7Ls;+u a'em]/ qmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' cfhsf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] bfloTj ag]sf] 5 . o;sfnflu xfdLn] k|r08kysf] ;f/tTjnfO{ 7Ls;+u a'¤g], u|x0f ug]{ / To;nfO{ hLjg Jojxf/df nfu" ug'{kb{5 . k|r08kynfO{ a'¤g] gfddf b'O{ cltaf6 u|l;t x'g] vt/faf6 klg d'Qm x'g TolQs} h?/L 5 .

        cGtdf, cfh eGbf 7Ls !!! jif{ klxn] ;g\ !*(# sf] l8;]Dj/ @^ df hlGdPsf sd/]8 dfcf]T;] t'¨n] cw{–;fdGtL / cw{–cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf /x]sf] rLgnfO{ d'Qm dfq ug'{ePg dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbnfO{ ;d[4Ls/0f u/]/ dfcf]jfbL ljrf/bz{gdf ljsf; ug'{eof] . ;fy} k|ultjfbL ;flxTo ;+:s[ltdf klg cd"No of]ubfg lbP/ efjL lk“l9nfO{ cufl8 a9\g] dfu{lgb]{zg ug'{eof] .

        cfh dfcf]nfO{ a'¤g', k9\g' / cfTd;ft ug'{ Pj+ ;Ddfg ug'{ eg]sf] g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ ljhosf] lzv/df k'¥ofpg' xf] . To;sf lglDt dfn]dfjfbsf] hudf 6]s]/ ljsl;t ePsf] …k|r08kyLoÚ ;f}Gbo{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ cem ;d[4Ls/0f ug'{ xf] . k|r08kysf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ husf] ?kdf lgdf{0f ePsf] dfcf]jfbsf k|0f]tf dxfg\ slj ;flxTosf/ Pj+ ;f+:s[lts of]4f sd/]8 dfcf]T;] t'¨k|lt pxf“sf] ljBfyL{sf] tkm{af6 efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL / o'4d}bfgaf6 ;+3if{zLn nfn ;nfd †

 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com