b:tfa]h=

dfcf]4f/f ;"qa4 hg;]gfsf] cg'zf;gsfM

tLg d'Vo lgodx?–

!_ cfkm\gf ;a} sfdx?df cfb]zsf] kfng u/, @_ cfd hgtfaf6 Ps l;of] jf wfuf];Dd klg l;Q}df gn]pm, #_ b'Zdgaf6 hkmt ul/Psf rLh ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf nflu hDdf u/L b]pm .

Wofg lbg'kg]{ cf7 s'/fx?–

!_ gd| eP/ af]n, @_ v/Lb u/]sf ;fdfgsf] ;xL d"No lt/ tyf a]r]sf ;fdfgsf] ;xL d"No n]pm, #_ pwf/f] lnPsf x/ rLh lkmtf{ u/ ,$_ ltdLåf/f gf]S;fg x'g uPsf a:t'sf] d"No lt/, %_ hgtfnfO{ glk6 / ufnL gu/, ^_ afnLdf xflg gk'¥ofpm, &_ dlxnfx?;“u 5f8f Jojxf/ gu/, *_ aGbLx?;“u g/fd|f] Jojxf/ gu/ .

kf6L{leqsf unt ljrf/x¿nfO{ ;'wfg]{ ;DaGwdf

*-l8;]Da/ !(@(_

        rf}yf] nfn;]gfleqsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{–;+u7gdf o:tf ljleGg u}/;j{xf/f ljrf/x¿ 5g\, h;n] kf6L{sf] ;xL sfo{lbzfsf] sfof{Gjogdf 7"nf] afwf xfN5g\ . o:tf ljrf/x¿nfO{ g;'wf/]df rf}yf] nfn;]gfn] rLgsf] dxfg\ qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{df cfºgf] lhDdfsf cleef/fx¿nfO{ cjZo klg axg ug{ ;Sb}g . o; kf6L{–;+u7gdf ePsf o:tf unt ljrf/x¿sf] ;|f]t cjZo klg s] tYodf /x]sf] 5 eg] o;sf cfwf/e"t PsfOx¿df clwsf+z JolQmx¿ ls;fgx¿ / lgDgk'“hLjfbLju{sf cGo tŒjx¿ 5g\, t/ tL sfod /xgfsf] / a9\gfsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ sf/0f kf6L{sf g]t[Tjsf/L c+ux¿n] unt ljrf/x¿sf] lj?4 of]hgfa4 tyf b[9 ;+3if{ rnfpg / kf6L{sf] ;xL sfo{lbzfdf ;b:ox¿nfO{ lzlIft kfg{ g;Sg'df /x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] ;]K6]Da/–kqsf] efjgfcg';f/, o; dxflwj]zgn] rf}yf] kmf}hleqsf] kf6L{–;+u7gdf ljleGg u}/;j{xf/f ljrf/x¿ s'g ¿kdf cleJoQm ePsf 5g\, ltgsf ;|f]tx¿ s] x'g\ / ltgnfO{ s'g tl/sfn] ;'wfg'{ k5{ eGg] s'/f]tkm{ cf}+Nofp“5, / ;f/f sd/]8x¿nfO{ ltgsf] k"/f ¿kdf pGd"ng ug{ cfx\jfg ub{5 .

ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0fsf] ;DaGwdf

        nfn;]gfsf sltko sd/]8x¿df ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0f Hofbf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cleJolQm lgDg ¿kx¿df x'g] u/]sf] 5 M–

        != oL sd/]8x¿ kmf}hL dfdnf / /fhgLltnfO{ k/:k/ lj/f]wL 7fG5g\ / s] dfGg c:jLsf/ u5{g\ eg] ;}lgs dfdnfx¿ /fhg}lts cleef/fx¿ k"/f ug]{ Pp6f ;fwg dfq x'g\ . sf]xL t s];Dd eG5g\ eg] æolb tkfO{++ ;}lgs ¿kaf6 /fd|f] x'g'eof] eg] :jefjtM tkfO{++ /fhg}lts ¿kdf klg /fd|f] x'g'x'g]5= olb tkfO{++ ;}lgs ¿kaf6 /fd|f] x'g' ePg eg], tkfO{++ /fhg}lts ¿kdf klg /fd|f] x'g ;Sg' x'Gg .Æ of] t Ps kfOnf cl3 a9]/ /fhgLltnfO{ ;}lgs dfdnfsf] cwLg:y /fVg' xf] .

        @= pgLx¿ s] 7fG5g\ eg] nfn;]gfsf] cleef/f klg Zj]t;]gfsf] cleef/fem}+ n8\g' dfq xf] . pgLx¿ s] s'/f a'¤b}gg\ eg] lrlgof“ nfn;]gf qmflGtsf /fhg}lts cleef/fx¿ k"/f ug{sf nflu agfOPsf] Pp6f ;z+:q ;+u7g xf] . vf; u/]/ o; a]nfdf nfn;]gfn] cfkm"nfO{ n8\g'df dfq ;Lldt /fVg' x'Gg . zq'sf] ;}Go zlQmnfO{ Wj:t kfg{sf nflu n8\g] sfo{sf cltl/Qm To;n] cfd hgtfdf k|rf/ ug]{, cfd hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t kfg]{, pgLx¿nfO{ z:q;lHht agfpg], qmflGtsf/L /fhg}lts ;Qf :yfkgf ug{df pgLx¿nfO{ ;3fpg] / kf6L{–;+u7gx¿ :yfkgf ug]{h:tf dxŒjk"0f{ cleef/fx¿nfO{ klg axg ug'{ k5{ . nfn;]gf n8\gsf] nflu dfq n8\b}g, a¿ cfd hgtfdf k|rf/ ug{, pgLx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t kfg{, pgLx¿nfO{ z:q;lHht agfpg / qmflGtsf/L /fhg}lts ;Qf sfod ug{df pgLx¿nfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu klg n8\b5 . oL p2]Zox¿ gePdf n8\g'sf] s'g} cy{ /x“b}g / nfn;]gfsf] cl:tŒjsf] nflu s'g} cfwf/ /x“b}g .

        #= To;}n], ;+u7gfTds ¿kdf oL sd/]8x¿ nfn;]gfsf] /fhg}lts sfd ug]{ ljefunfO{ ;}lgs sfd ug]{ ljefusf] cwLg:y /fV5g\ / æ;}lgs x]8Sjf6/nfO{ aflx/sf] sfd ;+rfng ug{ b]pmÆ eGg] gf/f cl3 ;f5{g\ . o; ljrf/nfO{ a9\g lbPsf] v08df cfd hgtfaf6 cnlUug], ;/sf/dfly ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f x'g] / ;j{xf/f g]t[Tjaf6 ljrlnt x'g] vt/f pTkGg x'G5 . of] Sjf]ldGtfª ;]gfn]em}+ o'4kltjfbsf] af6f] ;dfTg' x'g]5 .

        $= o;sf] ;fy}, k|rf/ sfo{df pgLx¿ k|rf/ bnx¿sf] dxŒjk|lt Wofg  lb+b}gg\ . hg;+u7gsf] ;jfndf, pgLx¿ ;]gfleq l;kfxL sld6L u7g ug]{ / :yfgLo dhb'/ tyf ls;fgx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t kfg]{ s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf u5{g\ . glthf:j¿k, k|rf/ / ;+u7gfTds sfo{ b'j}nfO{ kl/Tofu ul/G5 .

        %= n8fO“ lhTbf pgLx¿ uj{n] gfs km'nfp“5g\ / n8fO“ xfbf{ x/]; vfG5g\ .

        ^= :jfyL{ ljefujfb cyf{t\ pgLx¿ rf}yf] ;]gfsf] :jfy{dfq x]5{g\ / s] s'/f a'¤b}gg\ eg] :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t kfg'{ nfn;]gfsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ cleef/f xf] . of] u'6jfbsf] clejl4{t ¿k xf] .

        &= rf}yf] ;]gfn] ;Lldt jftfj/0feGbf k/ b]Vg g;s]sf] x'gfn], s]xL sd/]8x¿ s] ljZjf; u5{g\ eg] c¿ s'g} qmflGtsf/L zlQmx¿ ljBdfg 5}gg\ . To;}n], cfºgf] zlQm hf]ufpg] / n8fO“nfO{ kG5fpg] ljrf/n] pgLx¿sf] lbdfudf ulx/f] h/f uf8]sf] x'G5 . of] cj;/jfbsf] Pp6f cjz]if xf] .

        *= s'g} sd/]8x¿ dgf]ut tyf j:t'ut cj:yfx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf u5{g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿nfO{ qmflGtsf/L pQfpnf]kgfsf] /f]u nfu]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ cfd hgtfsf] aLrdf dl;g' tyf ;fgf–ltgf sfd ug]{ emGem6 p7fp+b}gg\, a? lbUe|ldt eP/ 7"n7"nf sfdx¿ dfq ug{ rfxG5g\ . of] ljKnjjfbsf] Pp6f cjz]if xf] .

ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0fsf ;|f]tx¿ oL x'g\ M

        != lgDg /fhg}lts :t/ . o;sf] glthf s] x'G5 eg] s]xL sd/]8x¿ ;]gfdf /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf] e"ldsfnfO{ 7Dofpg ;Sb}gg\ / s] a'¤g ;Sb}gg\ eg] nfn;]gf / Zj]t;]gf cfwf/e"t ¿kn] km/s 5g\ .

        @= e/f}6] l;kfxLsf] dgf]j[lQ . uPsf n8fO“x¿df ;dfltPsf w]/} aGbLx¿ nfn;]gfdf ;fd]n ePsf 5g\ / o:tf tŒjx¿n] e/f}6] l;kfxLsf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ cfºgf] ;fydf Nofp“5g\ . To;n] ubf{ ;fwf/0f l;kfxLx¿df ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0fsf nflu cfwf/ aG5 .

        #= dflysf b'O{ sf/0fx¿af6 t];|f] sf/0f pTkGg x'G5 / Tof] xf]M ;}Go zlQmdf cTolws ljZjf; x'g' / cfd hgtfsf] tfutdf ljZjf;sf] cefj x'g' .

        $= sltko sd/]8x¿df ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0f b]vfkgf{sf] Pp6f sf/0f s] klg xf] eg] kf6L{n] ;}lgs sfo{k|lt ;lqmo ¿kdf Wofg lbg / To;af/] 5nkmn ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

o;df ;'wf/ Nofpg] tl/sfx¿ lgDg 5g\ M

        != kf6L{df lzIffåf/f /fhg}lts :t/nfO{ p7fpm, ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0fsf ;}4flGts h/fx¿nfO{ gi6 kf/ / nfn;]gf tyf Zj]t;]gfaLrsf] cfwf/e"t leGgtfnfO{ k|i6l;t a'em . o;sf] ;fy}, cj;/jfb / ljKnjjfbsf cjz]ifx¿nfO{ vtd kf/ / rf}yf] kmf}hsf] ljefuLojfbnfO{ rsgfr"/ kf/ .

        @= clkm;/ tyf l;kfxLx¿sf] /fhg}lts k|lzIf0fnfO{ / vf;u/L e"tk"j{ aGbL l;kfxLx¿sf] lzIffnfO{ tLj| kf/ . o;sf ;fy}, :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿n] ;+ej eP;Dd ;+3if{sf] cg'ej kfPsf dhb'/ / ls;fgx¿nfO{ 5fg]/ ;]gfdf etL{ ug'{ k5{, h;n] ubf{ ljz'4 ;}lgs b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;+u7gfTds ¿kaf6 sdhf]/ jf lgd"{n;d]t kfg{ ;lsof];\ .

        #= nfn;]gfleqsf kf6L{–;+u7gx¿sf] cfnf]rgf ug{df :yfgLo kf6L{–;+u7gx¿nfO{ pT;flxt kf/ / nfn;]gfs} cfnf]rgf ug{df hgtfsf] /fhg}lts ;Qfsf lgsfox¿nfO{ pT;flxt kf/, h;n] ubf{ nfn;]gfsf kf6L{–;+u7g / clkm;/ tyf l;kfxLx¿df k|efj kfg{ ;lsof];\ .

        $= kf6L{n] ;}lgs sfddf ;lqmo ¿kn] Wofg lbg'k5{ / To;af/] 5nkmn ug'{ k5{ . ;fwf/0f l;kfxLx¿n] s'g} sfd ug'{eGbf cl3 ;f] sfdsf] af/]df kf6L{n] 5nkmn u/]/ km};nf lnPsf] x'g'k5{ .

        %= nfn;]gfsf lgod / lgodfjnLx¿ tof/ kf/, h;df nfn;]gfsf cleef/fx¿ / To;sf] ;}lgs tyf /fhg}lts ;+oGqx¿aLrsf] ;DaGw, nfn;]gf / cfd hgtfaLrsf] ;DaGw tyf l;kfxL–sld6Lsf clwsf/ tyf sfdx¿ / ;}lgs tyf /fhg}lts ;+u7gx¿l;tsf] To;sf] ;DaGwnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf JofVof ul/Psf] x'G5 .

clthgjfbsf] ;DaGwdf

        nfn;]gfsf] rf}yf] kmf}hn] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf lgb]{zgx¿ dfg]b]lvg\ clthgjfbsf] cleJolQmdf 7"nf] sdL ePsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, kf6L{sf km};nfx¿ ca lgs} /fd|f]l;t sfof{lGjt ul/G5g\= / nfn;]gfn] æhgjfbL s]Gb|LotfnfO{ tnaf6 dflyÆ nfu" ug'{k5{, jf æ;a} ;d:ofx¿df klxn] tNnf] :t/x¿nfO{ 5nkmn ug{ lbg' / clg dflyNnf] :t/nfO{ km};nf ug{ nufpg'Æ k5{ eGg]h:tf unt dfux¿ ca s;}n] k]z ub}{gg\ . t/, jf:tljs s'/f] s] 5 eg] of] sdL c:yfoL / aflx/L dfq xf] / To;sf] cy{ clthgjfbL ljrf/x¿ lgd"{n eO;s]sf 5g\ eGg] xf]Og . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg], w]/} sd/]8x¿sf] lbdfudf cem;Dd clthgjfbn] ulx/f] h/f uf8]sf] 5 . kf6L{sf km};nfx¿nfO{ sfof{lGjt ug{ ljleGg 9+uaf6 cfgfsfgL ug'{ o;sf] Pp6f k|df0f xf] .

o;df ;'wf/ Nofpg] tl/sfx¿ lgDg 5g\ M

        != l;4fGtsf] IF]qdf clthgjfbsf h/fx¿nfO{ sfl6b]pm . klxnf] s] s'/f] b]vfOg'k5{ eg] clthgjfbsf] vt/f of] tYodf /x]sf] 5 ls To;n] kf6L{–;+u7gnfO{ gf]S;fg u5{ jf k"/}l;t gi6 klg kf5{, kf6L{sf] n8fs" IFdtfnfO{ sdhf]/ kf5{ jf k"/}l;t vtd klg kf5{, kf6L{nfO{ To;sf h'emf¿ cleef/fx¿ k"/f ug{ c;dy{ kfl/lbG5 / o;/L qmflGtsf] k/fho u/fp“5 . bf];|f], s] s'/f] b]vfOg'k5{ eg] clthgjfbsf] ;|f]t cg'zf;gk|lt lgDgk'“hLkltju{sf] JolQmjfbL lj/lQm xf] . ha o; ljz]iftfnfO{ kf6L{leq NofOG5, ta of] /fhg}lts / ;+u7gfTds b[li6af6 clthgjfbL ljrf/x¿df ljsl;t x'G5 .

        @= ;+u7gsf] If]qdf s]Gb|Ls[t lgb]{zgcGtu{t hgjfbnfO{ ;'lglZrt kf/ . tnsf tl/sfx¿af6 of] sfd ul/g' k5{ M

        s_ cfkm"nfO{ g]t[Tjsf] s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf k|ltli7t ug{sf nflu kf6L{sf g]t[Tjsf/L c+ux¿n] lgb]{zgsf] ;xL sfo{lbzf ckgfpg' k5{ / ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg x'“bf ltgsf] ;dfwfg lgsfNg' k5{ .

        v_ dflyNnf ;+u7gx¿n] hgtfsf] hLjg / tNnf ;+u7gx¿sf] l:yltnfO{ hfGg'kb{5, h;n] ubf{ ;xL lgb]{zgsf nflu j:t'ut cfwf/ k|fKt x'g]5 .

        u_ ;a} :t/sf kf6L{–;+u7gx¿n] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{df /fd|/L ;f]rljrf/ gu/Lsg km};nf ug'{ x'“b}g . t/, PskN6 km};nf lnO;s]kl5, To;nfO{ b[9 ¿kdf sfof{lGjt ul/g' k5{ .

        3_ dflyNnf kf6L{–;+u7gx¿n] hlt klg dxŒjk"0f{ km};nfx¿ lnG5g\ ltgnfO{ t'?Gt tNnf ;+u7gx¿df / cfd kf6L{–;b:ox¿df k'¥ofOg' k5{ . o;sf] tl/sf xf] kf6L{–zfvfsf ;lqmo sfo{stf{x¿sf] jf cfd kf6L{–;b:ox¿sf] jf -kl/l:yltn] lbPdf_ k"/f sf]/dsf]@ a}7s af]nfpg' / o:tf] a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{sf nflu dflg;x¿ v6fpg' .

        ª_ tNnf kf6L{–;+u7gx¿n] / cfd kf6L{–;b:ox¿n] dflyNnf ;+u7gx¿sf lgb]{zgx¿df lj:t[t 5nkmn ug'{ k5{, h;n] ubf{ ltgLx¿n] To;sf] cy{nfO{ k"/f ¿kdf a'¤g ;s"g\ / To;nfO{ sfof{lGjt ug]{ tl/sfnfO{ lgwf{l/t ug{ ;s"g\ .

;+u7gfTds cg'zf;gsf] cjx]ngfsf] ;DaGwdf

        rf}yf] kmf}hsf] kf6L{ ;+u7gfTds cg'zf;gsf] cjx]ngf lgDg ¿kx¿df cleJoQm ePsf] 5 M

s_ ax'dtsf] km};nfnfO{ cNkdtn] gdfGg' . pbfx/0fsf nflu, ha cNkdtn] cfºgf] k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf] b]V5, ta To;n] kf6L{sf km};nfx¿nfO{ lbn}b]lv sfof{lGjt ub}{g .

o;df ;'wf/ Nofpg] tl/sfx¿ lgDg x'g\ M

        != a}7sdf ;a}hgfnfO{ cf–cfºgf] /fo ;se/ k"/f ¿kdf JoQm ug{ pT;flxt kfl/g'k5{ . s'g} klg ljjfbf:kb ;jfndf s'g 7Ls xf] / s'g a]7Ls xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;Demf}tf jf 9fs5f]k gu/Lsg :ki6 kfl/g' k5{ . :ki6 lgisif{df k'Ugsf nflu Pp6f a}7sdf h'g s'/f]sf] 6'+uf] nfUg ;Sb}g, To;af/] csf]{ a}7sdf 5nkmn ul/g' k5{, t/ o;f] ubf{ sfddf afwf kg'{ x'“b}g .

        @= kf6L{ cg'zf;gsf] Pp6f cfjZostf s] 5 eg] cNkdtn] ax'dtsf] km};nfnfO{ dfGg'k5{ . cNkdtsf] ;'emfj c:jLs[t ePdf To;n] ax'dtåf/f kfl/t km};nfnfO{ ;dy{g ug'{ k5{ . cfjZos k/]df To;n] csf]{ a}7sdf k'glj{rf/sf nflu ;f] ;'emfj k]z ug{ ;S5, t/ o;afx]s To;n] s'g} ¿kdf klg km};nf ljk/Lt sfd ug'{ x'“b}g .

v_ ;+u7gfTds cg'zf;gsf] cjx]ngf u/]/ cfnf]rgf ug'{ M–

        != cGt/kf6L{ cfnf]rgf kf6L{–;+u7gnfO{ alnof] kfg]{ / To;sf] n8fs" IfdtfnfO{ a9fpg] ;fwg xf] . t/, nfn;]gfsf] kf6L{–;+u7gdf ;+w}el/ o:tf] vfnsf] cfnf]rgf x'“b}g / slxn]sf+xL cfnf]rgfn] JolQmut cfIF]ksf] ¿k lnG5 . glthf:j¿k, To;af6 kf6L{–;+u7gnfO{ / ;fy} JolQmx¿nfO{ xflg k'¥ofp“5 . of] lgDg k'“hLjfbL JolQmjfbsf] cleJolQm xf] . o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ pkfo xf]– cfnf]rgfsf] p2]Zo ju{;+3if{df ljho xfl;n ug{sf nflu kf6L{sf] n8fs" IfdtfnfO{ a9fpg' xf] / o;nfO{ JolQmut cfIF]ksf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ x'Gg eGg] s'/fnfO{ kf6L{–;b:ox¿nfO{ a'¤gdf d2t ug'{ .

        @= w]/} kf6L{–;b:ox¿ kf6L{leq xf]Og, a¿ kf6L{aflx/ cfnf]rgf u5{g\ . o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] cfd kf6L{–;b:ox¿n] cem;Dd kf6L{–;+u7gsf] -To;sf a}7s cflbsf]_ dxŒjnfO{ a'em]sf 5}gg\ / pgLx¿ ;+u7gleq ul/g] cfnf]rgf / To;eGbf aflx/ ul/g] cfnf]rgfaLr s'g} leGgtf b]Vb}gg\ . o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ pkfo kf6L{–;b:ox¿nfO{ lzlIft kfg'{ xf], h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿n] kf6L{–;+u7gsf] dxŒjnfO{ a'¤g / kf6L{–sld6L jf sd/]8x¿sf] cfnf]rgf kf6L{–a}7sdf u¿g\ .

lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfbsf] ;DaGwdf

        Ps ;dodf nfn;]gfdf lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfbn] lgs} uDeL/ ¿k lnPsf] lyof] . o;sf s]xL b[i6fGtx¿ oxf“ lbOPsf 5g\ . 3fon l;kfxLx¿nfO{ lbOg] eQfsf] ;DaGwdf 3fpsf] uDeL/tf x]/]/ km/s–km/s eQf lbOPsf]df cfklQ hgfOof] / ;a}nfO{ a/fa/ eQf lbOg'k5{ eGg] dfu ul/of] . clkm;/x¿n] 3f]8f r9]sf] s'/fnfO{ sfdsf] nflu cfjZos s'/f] g7fgLsg To;nfO{ c;dfgtfsf] Pp6f nIf0f 7flgof] . /;bsf] ljt/0f lg/k]If ¿kn] ;dfg x'g' k5{ eGg] dfu ul/of] / vf; dfdnfx¿df a9L /;b lbPsf]df cfklQ hgfOof] . rfdnsf] 9'jfgL ug]{ ;DaGwdf, pd]/ jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfnfO{ gx]/Lsg ;a}n] a/fa/ kl/df0fdf ef/L af]Sg'k5{ eGg] dfu ul/of] . a:g] 7fp“sf] ljt/0fdf klg ;a}sf] nflu a/fa/ 7fp“sf] dfu ul/of] / x]8Sjf6/n] cln 7"nf] sf]7f lnPsf]df To;sf] klg lgGbf ul/of] . ysfO nfUg] sfd lb+bf klg ;dfgtfsf] dfu ul/of] / csf]{ dflg;n]eGbf cln a9L sfd ug{ OGsf/ ul/of] . s'/f] sxf“;Dd k'Uof] eg] 3fon JolQm b'O{hgf / :6]«r/ Pp6f dfq ePdf s'g} PshgfnfO{ :6]«r/df n}hfg gx'g] eof], lsgeg] Psn] csf]{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg rfx“b}gYof] . pko'{Qm pbfx/0fx¿n] s] b]vfp“5g\ eg] nfn;]gfsf clkm;/ / l;kfxLx¿sf] dfemdf lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfb cem klg Hofb} uDeL/ ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

        /fhg}lts dfdnfdf clthgjfbem}+ lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfb klg b:tsf/L tyf ;fgf ls;fg cy{tGqsf] pkh xf] / km/s sltdfq 5 eg] logdf Pp6f rflx+ ef}lts dfdnfdf cleJoQm x'G5 / bf];|f] rflx+ /fhg}lts dfdnfdf cleJoQm x'G5 .

o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ tl/sf

        xfdLn] s] s'/f]tkm{ cf}+Nofpg' k5{ eg] k'“hLjfbsf] pGd"ng x'g'eGbf klxn] lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfb ls;fg / ;fgf ;DklQ–dflnsx¿sf] Pp6f e|d dfq xf] / ;dfhjfbcGtu{t klg s'g} lg/k]If ;dfgtf x'g ;Sb}g, lsgeg] To;a]nf klg æk|To]saf6 p;sf] ;fdYo{cg';f/ / k|To]snfO{ p;sf] sfdcg';f/Æ sf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df / ;fy} sfdsf] cfjZostfcg';f/sf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ef}lts rLhx¿sf] ljt/0f x'g]5 . clkm;/ / l;kfxLx¿sf] ;dfg tnj ePem}+, nfn;]gfdf ef}lts rLhx¿sf] ljt/0f w]/yf]/ ;dfg x'g'k5{, lsgeg] ;+3if{sf] jt{dfg l:yltsf]] dfu oxL 5 . t/, cljj]sk"0f{ lg/k]If ;dfgtfjfbsf] lj/f]w ul/g'k5{, lsgeg] of] ;+3if{sf] lglDt cfjZos 5}g, a¿ To;sf] pN6f] of] ;+3if{sf] lglDt afws 5 .

dgf]utjfbsf] ;DaGwdf

        s]xL kf6L{ ;b:ox¿sf] dfemdf dgf]utjfb uDeL/ xb;Dd ljBdfg 5 / o;n] /fhg}lts kl/l:Yltsf] ljZn]if0fdf / sfdsf] lgb]{zgdf 7"nf] xflg k'¥ofp“5 . o;sf] sf/0f s] eg] /fhg}lts kl/l:yltsf] dgf]ut ljZn]if0f / sfdsf] dgf]ut lgb]{zgn] clgjfo{ ¿kdf of t cj;/jfbnfO{ of ljKnjjfbnfO{ k}bf u5{ . hxf“;Dd dgf]utjfbL cfnf]rgf hyfefjL jf lg/fwf/ s'/fsfgL jf cfk;L z+sfsf] ;DaGw 5, kf6L{leq o:tf s'/fx¿n] cS;/ u/L c;}4flGts emu8f k}bf u5{g\ / kf6L{–;+u7gnfO{ sdhf]/ agfp“5g\ .

        cGt/kf6L{ cfnf]rgfsf] ;DaGwdf csf]{ pNn]vgLo s'/f] s] 5 eg] s]xL sd/]8x¿ cfnf]rgf ubf{ 7"n7"nf s'/fnfO{ 5f8]/ ;–;fgf s'/fdf Wofg lbG5g\ . pgLx¿ s] s'/f a'¤b}gg\ eg] cfnf]rgfsf] d'Vo sfd /fhg}lts tyf ;+u7gfTds uNtLx¿ b]vfpg' xf] . hxf“;Dd JolQmut sdhf]/Lsf] ;jfn 5, tL sdhf]/Lx¿ /fhg}lts / ;+u7gfTds uNtLx¿l;t ;DalGwt 5}gg\ eg] rflxg]eGbf a9L ltgsf] cfnf]rgf ug'{ / ;DalGwt sd/]8x¿nfO{ x}/fg kfg'{ cfjZos 5}g . csf]{ s'/f], o:tf] cfnf]rgfsf] l;nl;nf PskN6 rn]kl5 7"nf] vt/f s] 5 eg] kf6L{–;b:ox¿n] cfºgf] Wofg k"/f ¿kdf ;–;fgf s'/fx¿df s]lGb|t kfg]{5g\, ;a}hgf nf5L aGg]5g\ / ;a}n] kf6L{sf /fhg}lts cleef/fx¿nfO{ la;{g]5g\ .

        o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ d'Vo pkfo kf6L{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ lzlIft kfg'{ xf], h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] ;f]+rfO / pgLx¿sf] kf6L{–hLjgdf /fhg}lts tyf j}1flgs efjgf JofKt xf];\ . o; p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu xfdLn] oL sfdx¿ ug'{ k5{ M -!_ /fhg}lts kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f / ju{zlQmx¿sf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ kf6L{–;b:ox¿nfO{ dgf]ut ljZn]if0f tyf d"Nof+sg ug'{sf] ;§fdf dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL tl/sf nfu" ug{ l;sfpg',  -@_ ;+3if{sf] sfo{gLlt / sfo{–tl/sf lgwf{l/t ug{sf nflu ;fdflhs / cfly{s cg';Gwfg tyf cWoogtkm{ kf6L{–;b:ox¿sf] Wofg cfs[i6 ug'{ / jf:tljs cj:yfx¿sf] cg';Gwfg gu/]df pgLx¿ xjfO{ sNkgf Pj+ ljKnjjfbsf] vfN6f]df hflsg]5g\ eGg] s'/f a'¤gdf sd/]8x¿nfO{ d2t ug'{= / -#_ cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df, dgf]utjfb, dgk/Ljfb / cZnLn cfnf]rgfb]lv ;fjwfg /xg', egfOx¿ tYox¿dfly cfwfl/t ug'{ / cfnf]rgf /fhgLltdfly s]lGb|t ug'{ .

JolQmjfbsf] ;DaGwdf

        nfn;]gfsf] kf6L{–;+u7gdf JolQmjfbL k|j[lQn] cfkm"nfO{ lgDg ¿kx¿df cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 M–

        != abnf lng] dgf]j[lQ . kf6L{leq s'g} ;}lgs sd/]8åf/f cfºgf] cfnf]rgf ePkl5 s'g}–s'g} sd/]8x¿ kf6L{aflx/ abnf lng] cj;/ vf]H5g\ / To;sf] Pp6f pkfo ;DalGwt sd/]8nfO{ s'6lk6 ug'{ jf ufnLunf}h ug'{ xf] . pgLx¿ kf6L{leq klg abnf lng vf]H5g\ . æltdLn] o; a}7sdf d]/f] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5f}, To;}n] csf]{ a}7sdf s'g} pkfoaf6 ltdLl;t abnf lng]5' .Æ abnf lng] o:tf] dgf]j[lQ z'4 JolQmut :jfy{af6, ;du| ¿kdf ju{ / kf6L{sf lxtx¿sf] cjx]ngfaf6 pTkGg x'G5 . o;sf] lgzfgf zq'ju{ xf]Og, a¿ xfd|f] cfºg} k+lQmdf /x]sf JolQmx¿ x'G5g\ . of] o:tf] ljgi6sf/L s'/f] xf], h;n] ;+u7g / To;sf] n8fs" IFdtfnfO{ sdhf]/ kf5{ .

        @= æ;fgf] 8ºkmfÆ dgf]j[lQ . s'g} sd/]8x¿ cfºg} ;fgf] 8ºkmfsf] lxtnfO{ dfq Wofgdf /fV5g\ / ;fdfGo lxtnfO{ a]jf:tf u5{g\ . aflx/af6 x]bf{ of] JolQmut lxtsf] ;Dkfbg h:tf] b]lv+b}g, t/ jf:tjdf o;df clwstd ;+sL0f{ JolQmjfb lglxt /x]sf] 5 / o;sf] k|efj ljgfzsf/L / la36gsf/L /xG5 . nfn;]gfdf æ;fgf] 8ºkmfÆ dgf]j[lQsf] af]nafnf /x]sf] lyof] . cfnf]rgfsf] kmn:j¿k To;df s]xL ;'wf/ eP klg To;sf cjz]ifx¿ cem;Dd ljBdfg 5g\ / To;nfO{ x6fpg cem sf]lzz ug'{ h?/L 5 .

        #= æsd{rf/LÆ dgf]j[lQ . sf]xL sd/]8x¿ s] s'/f a'¤b}gg\ eg], h'g kf6L{ / h'g nfn;]gfsf pgLx¿ ;b:o 5g\, tL b'j} qmflGtsf cleef/fx¿ ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;fwg x'g\ . pgLx¿ s] dx;'; ub}{gg\ eg] pgLx¿ :jo+ g} qmflGtsf lgdf{tf x'g\, t/ pgLx¿ s] 7fG5g\ eg] qmflGtk|lt xf]Og, a? cfºgf jl/i7 clwsf/Lk|lt pgLx¿ pQ/bfoL 5g\ . qmflGtsf] æsd{rf/LÆ sf] of] lgliqmo dgf]j[lQ klg JolQmjfbsf] Pp6f cleJolQm xf] . qmflGtsf nflu ljgf;t{ sfd ug]{ ;lqmo sfo{stf{x¿ w]/} ;+Vofdf lsg gePsf x'g\ eGg] s'/f o;af6 yfxf x'G5 . o; dgf]j[lQsf] pGd"ng gePdf ;lqmo sfo{stf{x¿sf] ;+Vof a9\g] 5}g / qmflGtsf] ux|f}+ af]em Og]lug] dflg;x¿sf] sf“wdfly kg]{5 / o;n] ubf{ ;+3if{nfO{ xflg k'Ug]5 .

        $=P]z–cf/fdsf] nfn;f . nfn;]gfdf o:tf s]xL dflg;x¿ klg 5g\, h;sf] JolQmjfb P]z–cf/fd vf]Hg] k|j[lQdf cleJoQm x'G5 . pgLx¿ xd]zf s] cfzf u5{g\ eg] pgLx¿sf] 6's8L 7"nf] zx/df k|j]z ug]{5 . pgLx¿ sfd ug{sf nflu xf]Og, a? P]z–cf/fdsf nflu zx/df hfg rfxG5g\ . h'g nfn Onfsfx¿df hLjg sl7g 5, Toxf“+ pgLx¿ sbflk hfg rfx“b}gg\ .

        %= lgliqmotf . s]xL sd/]8x¿, s'g} s'/f] cfºgf] OR5f ljk/Lt ePdf lgliqmo aG5g\ / sfd ug{ aGb u5{g\ . d'Vo ¿kdf o;sf] sf/0f lzIffsf] sdL xf], t/ slxn]sfxL+ o;sf] sf/0f g]t[Tjaf6 sfdsf] cg'lrt 9+un] ;+rfng ul/g', cg'lrt 9+uaf6 sfdsf] af“8kmf“8 ul/g' jf cg'lrt 9+uaf6 cg'zf;g nfu" ul/g' klg x'G5 .

        ^=;]gf 5f]8\g] OR5f . nfn;]gfaf6 :yfgLo sfddf :yfgfGt/ x'g rfxg] dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] sf/0f JolQmut dfq xf]Og, cGo sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . tL x'g\ M– !_ nfn;]gfdf hLjgsf ef}lts sl7gfOx¿, @_ nfdf] ;+3if{kl5sf] ysfO, / #_ g]t[Tjåf/f cg'lrt 9+uaf6 sfdsf] ;+rfng ul/g', cg'lrt 9+uaf6 sfdsf] af“8kmf“8 ul/g' jf c'glrt 9+uaf6 cg'zf;g nfu" ul/g' .

        o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ d'Vo pkfo lzIffnfO{ alnof] kfg'{ xf], h;n] ubf{ ljrf/wf/fTds ¿kaf6 JolQmjfbnfO{ vtd kfg{ ;lsof];\ . csf]{ pkfo plrt 9+uaf6 sfdsf] ;+rfng ug'{, sfdsf] af“8kmf“8 ug'{ / cg'zf;g nfu" ug'{ xf] . o;afx]s, nfn;]gfsf] ef}lts hLjgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] pkfox¿ kQf nufOg'k5{, / cf/fd / axfnLsf] nflu ;'ne x'g] x/ cj;/nfO{ ef}lts cj:yf ;'wfg{sf nflu k|of]u ul/g' k5{ . cfºgf] z}lIfs sfddf xfdLn] s] atfpg' k5{ eg] ;fdflhs pTklQsf] b[li6af6 JolQjfb kf6L{leq lgDgk'“hLjfbL / k'“hLjfbL ljrf/x¿sf] k|ltlaDa xf] .

3'dSs8 ljb|f]xL bnx¿sf] ljrf/wf/fsf] ;DaGwdf

        nfn;]gfdf 3'dSs8 ljb|f]xL bnx¿sf] ljrf/wf/f k}bf x'gfsf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] o;df cfjf/f tŒjx¿ 7"nf] ;+Vofdf 5g\ / rLgdf, vf; u/L blIf0fL k|fGtx¿df, 7"nf] ;+Vofdf cfjf/fx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . of] ljrf/wf/f lgDg ¿kx¿df cleJoQm ePsf] 5 M -!_ sf]xL dflg;x¿ 3'dSs8 5fkfdf/ sfjf{xLåf/f xfd|f] /fhg}lts k|efjnfO{ a9fpg rfxG5g\, t/ cfwf/IF]qx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{ si6;fWo sfd u/]/ / hgtfsf] /fhg}lts ;Qf sfod u/]/ To;nfO{ a9fpg rfx“b}gg\ . -@_ sf]xL dflg;x¿ nfn;]gfnfO{ lj:tfl/t kfg{sf nflu :yfgLo /Ifsbn / :yfgLo ;]gfnfO{ a9fpg] / o;/L nfn;]gfsf] d'Vo zlQmx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{lbzfsf] cg'z/0f ub}{gg\, a? ædflg; ef8fdf lng] / 3f]8f lsGg]Æ tyf æeu'jfx¿ etL{ ug]{ / afuLx¿nfO{ ;fd]n ug]{Æ sfo{lbzfsf] cg'z/0f u5{g\ . -#_ sf]xL dflg;x¿df hgtfl;t ldn]/ s7f]/ ;+3if{ rnfpg] w}o{sf] sdL 5 / pgLx¿ v'a df]hdHhf ug{sf nflu 7"n7"nf zx/x¿df hfg dfq rfxG5g\ . 3'dSs8 ljb|f]xLx¿sf] ljrf/wf/fsf o:tf ;a} cleJolQmx¿n] nfn;]gfsf plrt cleef/fx¿ k"/f ug{df afwf xfN5g\ . To;}n], To;sf] pGd"ng ug'{ nfn;]gfsf] kf6L{–;+u7gleq x'g] ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ p2]Zo /xG5 . s] s'/f a'¤g'k5{ eg] jt{dfg cj:yfdf x\jfª 5fcf]$ jf nf] 5\jf`% vfnsf 3'dSs8 ljb|f]xLx¿sf tl/sfx¿nfO{ 5'6\ lbg ;ls+b}g .

o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ pkfox¿ lgDg 5g\ M

        != lzIffnfO{ hf]8bf/ ¿kdf a9fpm, unt ljrf/x¿sf] cfnf]rgf u/ / 3'dSs8 ljb|f]xL bnx¿sf] ljr/wf/fnfO{ lgd"{n kf/ .

        @= nfn;]gfsf cfwf/e"t b:tfx¿sf] aLrdf / xfn} etL{ u/]sf aGbLx¿sf] aLrdf cfjf/f b[li6sf]0fsf] lj?4 lzIffnfO{ hf]8bf/ ¿kdf a9fpm .

        #= nfn;]gfsf] ju{–agf}6nfO{ km]g{sf nflu ;+3if{df cg'ej kfPsf ;lqmo dhb'/ / ls;fgx¿nfO{ To;sf k+lQmx¿leq Nofpm .

        $= n8fs' dhb'/ tyf ls;fgx¿sf ;d'bfox¿sf] aLraf6 nfn;]gfsf gof“ 6's8Lx¿ agfpm .

ljKnjjfbsf cjz]ifx¿sf] ;DaGwdf

        nfn;]gfsf] kf6L{–;+u7gn] ljKnjjfbsf] lj?4 ;+3if{ klxn] g} rnfO;s]sf] 5, t/ kof{Kt dfqfdf rnfPsf] 5}g . t;y{, o; ljrf/wf/fsf cjz]ifx¿ nfn;]gfleq cem klg ljBdfg 5g\ . lgDg ¿kx¿df o;sf] cleJolQm x'G5 M !_ dgf]ut tyf j:t'ut cj:yfx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf u/L cf“vf lrDn]/ sfd ug'{ @_ zx/sf nflu lgwf{l/t kf6L{sf gLltx¿nfO{ ckof{Kt / lkmtnf] 9+uaf6 sfo{lGjt ug'{ #_ lzlyn kmf}hL cg'zf;g— vf; u/]/ k/fhosf] a]nfdf $_ s]xL 6's8Lx¿åf/f 3/ hnfpg] sfd ul/g' %_ eu'jfx¿nfO{ uf]nL xfg]/ dfg]{ rng / zf/Ll/s ;hfo lbg] rng . oL b'j} rngdf ljKnjjfbL k|j[lQ k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ;fdflhs pTklQsf] b[li6af6 x]g]{ xf] eg] ljKnjjfb cfjf/f ;j{xf/f ljrf/wf/f / lgDgk'“hLjfbL ljrf/wf/fsf] d]n xf] .

o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ pkfox¿ lgDg 5g\ M

        != ljrf/wf/fTds ¿kn] ljKnjjfbnfO{ lgd{"n kf/ .

        @= lgod, lgodfjnL tyf gLltx¿åf/f ljKnjjfbL Jojxf/nfO{ x/fpm .

kf6L{leq hgjfbsf] ;jfn

        pko'{Qm p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu kf6L{leq hgjfb cfjZos 5 . kf6L{nfO{ alnof] kfg]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] ;f/f kf6L{ ;b:ox¿sf] tTk/tfnfO{ cg'k|fl0ft ug{sf nflu hgjfbL s]Gb|LotfnfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug'{ k5{ . k|ltlqmofjfb / u[xo'4sf] cjlwdf a9L s]Gb|Lotf /x]sf] lyof], gof“ cjlwdf s]Gb|LotfnfO{ hgjfbl;t 3lgi7 ¿kn] uf“:g' k5{ . xfdL hgjfbnfO{ nfu" u/f}+ / o;/L ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{df tTk/tfsf] ljsf; u/f}+ . xfdL kf6L{sf ;f/f ;b:ox¿sf] tTk/tfsf] ljsf; u/f}+ / clg 7"nf] ;+Vofdf gof“ sfo{stf{x¿ k|lzlIft x'g]5g\, ;+sL0f{tfjfbsf cjz]ifx¿ lgd"{n x'g]5g\ / ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ O:kftem}+ ;'b[9 ¿kn] Psu7 x'g]5 .

l6Kk0fLx¿

        != !(@& df qmflGtsf] k/fhokl5, 5f]+6f] ;dosf nflu sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq Pp6f æjfdk+yLÆ ljKnjjfbL k|j[lQ k}bf eof] . lrlgof“ qmflGtnfO{ æ:yfoL qmflGtÆ / rLgsf] qmflGtsf/L kl/l:ylnfO{ æ:yfoL pTyfgÆ 7fg]/, ljKnjjfbL sd/]8x¿n] Jojl:yt 9+uaf6 kl5 x6\g] s'/f]nfO{ c:jLsf/ u/], / x's'djfbsf tl/sfx¿ ckgfP/ yf]/} ;+Vofdf kf6L{ ;b:ox¿ tyf ;fgf] hg;d'bfodfly e/ k/]/ pgLx¿n] unt ¿kdf d'n'sel/ nuftf/ To:tf :yfgLo ljb|f]xx¿ u/fpg k|oTg u/], h;sf] ;kmntfsf] s'g} ;+efjgf g} 5}g . !(@& sf] cflv/Ldf o:tf ljKnjjfbL ultljlwx¿ Jofks ¿kdf eP, t/ !(@* sf] ;'?df tL lj:tf/–lj:tf/ ;]nfP/ uP, x'g t To; a]nf;Dd s]xL sd/]8x¿sf] dfemdf ljKnjjfbsf] kIfdf efjgfx¿ sfod g} lyP .

        @= 5fkfdf/ ;+u7g–Joj:yfdf Ps sfnd lgoldt ;]gfsf] Ps l8lehg a/fa/ lyof], t/ of] lgoldt l8ljhgeGbf lgs} a9L nlrnf] / ;fwf/0ftM lgs} ;fgf] lyof] .

        #= lrlgof“ Oltxf;df s]xL ljb|f]xLx¿n] cfºgf zlQmx¿ a9fpgsf nflu h'g tl/sfx¿ ckgfPsf lyP, To;nfO{ oxf“ oL b'O{ lrlgof“ jfSof+zx¿n] cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . oL pkfox¿s} sfof{Gjogdf u'0fdfeGbf ;+Vofdf Wofg lbOGYof] / k+lQmx¿nfO{ a9fpgsf nflu ;a} k|sf/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ hyfefjL etL{ ul/GYof] .

        $= x\jfª 5fcf] yfª j+zsf] cflv/Llt/ ePsf ls;fg–ljb|f]xsf g]tf lyP . *&% O:jLdf cfkm" hGd]sf] lhNnf 5fcf]rcf] -clxn]sf] zfgt'ªsf] xf]T;] sfp06L_ af6 yfn]/ x\jfªn] zfxL ;]gfsf] lj?4 ljhok"0f{ n8fOx¿df z;:q ls;fgx¿sf] g]t[Tj u/] / cfkm"nfO{ æ:ju{df wfjf af]Ng] ;]gfkltÆ 3f]lift u/] . b; jif{sf] qmddf pgn] o]nf], ofªT;L x\nnfO{ / kn{ gbL–3f6Lx¿df /x]sf w]/}h;f] k|fGtx¿ tLj| ultn] kf/ u/]/ Rofª\zL;Dd k'u] . cflv/df pgn] y'ªSjfg 3f6L kf/ u/]/ zfxL /fhwfgL 5fª\zf -ca z]GzLsf] lzcfg_ dfly sAhf u/] / 5Lsf] afbzfx ag] . cfGtl/s emu8f / yfª ;]gfsf u}/xfg hftLo ;xof]uLx¿sf] xdnfn] ubf{ x\jfª\ afWo eP/ 5fª\ cfg 5f8]/ 5fcf]rcf]df kms]{ / Toxf“ pgn] cfTdxTof u/] . pgLåf/f rnfOPsf] b; jif]{ o'4 lrlgof“ Oltxf;df Pp6f cTolws k|l;4 ls;fgo'4 lyof] . /fhj+zsf Oltxf;sf/x¿n] s] n]v]sf 5g\ eg] ærsf]{ s/ / n]jLaf6 b'Mv ef]lu/x]sf ;f/f hgtf pgsf] g]t[Tjdf Pslqt eP .Æ t/ pgn] ck]Iffs[t b/f] cfwf/IF]qx¿ slxNo} sfod u/]gg\ / 3'dSs8 o'4 dfq rnfP, To;}n] p;sf] ;]gfnfO{ æ3'dSs8 ljb|f]xL bnÆ elgGYof] .

        %= nL 5jfª /fhf 5jfª -lg8/ /fhf_ nL rL–5ªsf] 5f]6s/L gfp“ lyof] . pgL pQ/L z]gzLsf] dLlr gfds :yfgsf lgjf;L lyP . pgL To; ls;fg–ljb|f]xsf g]tf lyP, h;n] ubf{ ldª j+zsf] tVtf klN6of] . ;f] ljb|f]x !^@* df klxn] pQ/L z]gzLdf z'¿ eof] . sfcf] Oª\Zofªsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] ;]gfdf nL ;fd]n eP / pgn] x'gfg / cfgx\jLdf / km]l/ z]gzLdf cleofg rnfP . !^#^ df sfcf]sf] d[To'kl5 nLn] pgsf] kb u|x0f u/], /fhf 5jfª ag] / z]gzL, ;5jfg, x'gfg / x'k] k|fGtx¿df / To;eGbf aflx/ cleofg rnfP . cflv/df pgn] of] gf/f lbP æs;}sf] xTof ug'{sf] cy{ d]/f] lktfsf] xTof ug'{ xf], s;}dfly anfTsf/ ug'{sf] cy{ d]/L cfdfdfly anfTsf/ ug'{ xf] .Æ o;/L pgn] hgtfsf] ;dy{g k|fKt u/] / pgsf] cfGbf]ng ls;fgljb|f]xsf] d'Vo wf/f ag]/ ;f/f d'n'se/ km}lnof] . pgL klg ck]Iffs[t b/f] cfwf/IF]qx¿ slxNo} sfod gu/Lsg 3'Db}/x], / To;}n] nLdfly ;+o'Qm xdnf ug{sf nflu l5ª\ ;]gfl;t ;f“7uf“7 ug]{ Pshgf ldª ;]gfklt pm ;fg Sj]Oåf/f cflv/df pgL k/flht eP .

 

* of] nfn;]gfsf] rf}yf] kmf}hsf] gjf}+ kf6L{ dxflwj]zgsf nflu sd/]8 dfcf] T;] t'ªåf/f lnlvt k|:tfj lyof] . lrlgof“ hgtfsf] ;}Go zlQmsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ Pp6f sl7g k|lqmof lyof] . cu:t !(@& df gfg5fª\ ljb|f]xsf] a]nfdf lrlgof“ nfn;]gf -h'g hfkfg lj/f]wL k|lt/f]w o'4sf] a]nfdf cf7f}+ dfu{ ;]gf tyf gof“ rf}yf] ;]gf aGof] / clxn]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf xf] _sf] :yfkgf eof] / l8;]Da/ !(@( ;Dddf o;sf] :yfkgf ePsf] b'O{ jif{eGbf a9L ;do eO;s]sf] lyof] . o; cjlwdf nfn;]gfleqsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{–;+u7gn] ljleGg unt ljrf/x¿sf] lj/f]w ug]{ l;nl;nfdf w]/} s'/f l;ls;s]sf] / lgs} ;d[4 cg'ej k|fKt ul/;s]sf] lyof] . k|:tfjn] ;f] cg'ejsf] lgrf]8 lgsfn]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ nfn;]gfn] k"/} dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL cfwf/df cfºgf] lgdf{0f ug{ / k'/fgf] vfnsf ;]gfx¿sf] ;f/f k|efjnfO{ lgd"{n kfg{ ;Sof] . rf}yf] kmf}h dfq xf]Og, a¿ qmdfut ¿kn] nfn;]gfsf c¿ ;a} 6's8Lx¿df klg o;nfO{ sfoF{lGjt ul/of] . o; k|sf/af6 ;Dk"0f{ lrlgof“ nfn;]gf k"/f ¿kdf hgtfsf] ;Rrf ;]gf aGof] . ljut tL; jif{ hltdf lrlgof“ hgtfsf] ;z:q ;]gfn] cfºgf] kf6L{ ultljlw / /fhg}lts sfo{df w]/} ljsf; ul/;s]sf] 5 / To;n] gof“–gof“ l;h{gfx¿ u/]sf] 5 / To;sf] ¿k–/+u km]l/P/ clxn] ljNs'n gof“ ag]sf] 5, t/ cem klg cfwf/e"t sfo{lbzf o; k|:tfjdf k|ltkflbt sfo{lbzf g} /x]sf] 5 . 

sd/]8 dfcf]af6 l;sf}+

!= hglbzfaf/]

        æ/fhgLltn] hglbzf cg'z/0f ug'{k5{ . g]tfx¿dfly dfq} e/ u/]/ x'“b}g . g]tfx¿n] Toqf] ljlw s;/L ug{ ;S5g\ < g]tfx¿n] ;a}, /fd|f] / g/fd|f]– sf] Pp6f c+z dfq Eofpg ;S5g\ . To;}n], k|To]snfO{ pQ/bfloTj af“8r'“8 ug{, af]Ng, c¿ dfG5]nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ / c¿ dfG5]nfO{ cfnf]rgf ug{sf] lglDt kl/rfng ug'{k5{ . k|To]s hgf;“u Ps hf]8f cf“vf / d'v x'G5 / p;nfO{ x]g{ / af]Ng lbg'k5{ . hgjfbsf] cy{ hg;d'bfonfO{ cfÏgf] ultljlw cfkm} Joj:yfkg ug{ lbg' xf] . oxf“ b'O{ j6f tl/sf 5g\ M Pp6f s]xL JolQmx¿dfly e/ ug{] / csf]{rflx“ sfd sfjf{xLsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ hg;d'bfonfO{ kl/rflnt ug]{  . xfd|f] /fhgLlt hg/fhgLlt xf] . hgjfbL zf;g eg]sf] ;a}sf] zf;g xf], s]xLsf] dfq zf;g xf]Og . k|To]snfO{ cfÏgf] d'v vf]Ng pk|]l/t ug'{k5{ . p;sf] d'v 5, To;}n] p;sf] b'O{ j6f pQ/bfloTj x'G5– vfg] / af]Ng] . hxf“ p;n] g/fd|f] s'/f cyjf g/fd|f] sfo{z}nL b]V5, Toxf“ p;n] af]Ng'k5{ . p;n] cfÏgf] ;+3if{ ug]{ st{Jo kfng ug'{k5{ .

        æolb kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdfly xf]Og ls g]tfdfly g} k"/} e/ ug]{ xf] eg] s]xL klg /fd|f];“u ug{ ;lsGg . -xfdLn]_ Pp6f g]tfdfly dfq xf]Og ls kf6L{ / -xfd|f_ sd/]8x¿dfly e/ ug'{kb{5 . lgliqmo hg;d'bfon] k5\ofpg] Pp6f ;lqmo g]tf eP/ k'Ub}g, xfdLn] Pp6f k4lt a;fNg'k5{ ls hg;d'bfon] cfÏgf b'a} xft / d'vsf] pkof]u u¿g\ . sfd /fd|f];+u ;DkGg ug]{ Pp6f dfq tl/sf dflyaf6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj / tnaf6 hg;d'bfo -sf] ;dy{g_ dfly e/ ug'{ xf] .Æ

        -æk]lsª lzIfs tflnd dxfljBfnosf] 5fgljgsf] l/kf]6{af/] l6Kk0fLÆ h'nfO #, !(^% 5flgPsf /rgf -c+u|]hL_ efu– ( k]= @!*–!(_

@= qmflGtsf/L pQ/flwsf/Lx¿af/]

        æpQ/flwsf/Lx¿ dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL x'g'k5{, pgLx¿n] ax';+Vos hgtfsf] lxtsf] ;]jf ug'{k5{, pgLx¿ ax';+Vos hgtf;“u Psfsf/ x'g'k5{, pgLx¿n] hgjfbL sfo{z}nL b]vfpg'k5{ / pgLx¿n] / clnslt of]hgf agfpg'k5{ . tkfO{++x¿n] klg s]xL pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ x'sf{pg'k5{ . tkfO{++x¿n] ;w}+ o:tf] ;f]+Rg' x'“b}g ls tkfO{++ cfkm"n] dfq} ug'{ x'g]5 / c¿n] u/]sf] ;a} yf]s s'g} sfdsf] x'“b}g, dfgf}+ ;+;f/df tkfO{++lagf k[YjL g} 3'Dg] 5}g / s'g} kf6L{ eGg] /xg] 5}g . s] tkfO{+ 7fGg'x'G5 ls s;fO{ rfªsf] d[To'kl5 ;a}n] e'Tnf ;lxtsf] ;'“u'/sf] df;' vfg'kg]{ 5 < s;}sf] d[To'af6 klg 8/fpg'kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . s;sf] d[To'n] 7"nf] gf]S;fg x'g]5 < dfS;{, P+u]N;, n]lgg / :6flng, s] jxf“x¿ ;a}sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5}g / < t}klg qmflGt cufl8 al9/xg'k5{ . Pp6f JolQmsf] d[To' s;/L Tolt 7"nf] 3f6f x'g ;S5 < To:tf] s'g} rLh x'“b}g . dfG5]n] ;w}+ dg}{k5{ t/ dg{] ljleGg tl/sfx¿ 5g\ . sf]xL b'Zdgåf/f dfl/P, sf]xL ljdfg b'3{6gfdf d/], sf]xL kf}8L v]Nbf 8'a], sf]xL /f]un] d/], sf]xL a"9];sfnn] d/] . xfdLn] P6d and] dg]{x¿sf] klg lx;fa ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] s'g} klg a]nf cfÏgf] sfdsf] kb 5f]8\g tof/ x'g'k5{ / ;w}+ pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ tof/ kf/]/ a:g'k5{ . k|To]s JolQm;“u pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ tof/ x'g'k5{ . p;sf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿sf tLg k+lQm x'g'k5{ . p;sf Ps, b'O{ / tLg hf]8f xft x'g'k5{ / pm 7"nf] cf“wLa]x/Laf6 8/fpg' x'“b}g .Æ

        –ækmf}hL If]qsf] sfdnfO{ k"/f k|efjsf/L agfpg] / qmflGtsf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ tof/ ug]{af/] s'/fsfgLÆ, h"g !^, !(^$ 5flgPsf /rgf -c+u|]hL_ efu–( k]= (& .

#= Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgaf/]

        æk|To]s rLhsf] Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg x'G5 . d JolQmut ¿kdf klg Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg x'“ . d k|fylds ljBfnosf] lzIfs lyP“, / ha d ;fgf] lyP“ d k|]tfTdfdf klg ljZjf; uy]{+ . d d]/L cfdf;+u 6f9fsf] dlGb/df w"k aQL afNg hfGy]+ . cS6f]a/ qmflGteGbf klxn] dnfO{ s'g} dfS;{ eGg] 5g\ eGg] klg yfxf lyPg cyjf dfS;{kl5 36]sf s'g} 36gfaf/] yfxf lyPg .Æ

        æPp6f klg uNtL gu/]sf] s'g} dfG5] 5 t < xfd|f s]xL sd/]8x¿nfO{ clwe"tjfb dg k5{ . clwe"tjfb eg]sf] s] xf] < of] Psf+uLkg xf], vfnL /fd|f] s'/f dfq eGg lbg] t/ g/fd|f] s'/f eGg glbg], clg /fd|f] s'/f dfq ;'Gg dg k/fpg] t/ g/fd|f] s'/f ;'Gg eg] dg gk/fpg] . h:t} XXX, Pp6f c;n sd/]8, t/ pgL dfG5]nfO{ pgLx¿sf g/fd|f s'/f x]g{ lbg rfx“b}gg\, vfln /fd|f dfq rfxG5g\= pgLx¿n] ;+j]bgzLn a'“bf 5'G5g\ ls eg]/ pgsf] ;ftf] hfG5 .Æ

        ædfS;{ klg Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg x'g'x'GYof] . dfS;{sf] bz{g x]u]n / kmfo/jfvaf6 l;lsPsf] lyof], pxf“sf] cy{zf:q a]nfotsf] l/sf8f]{ / c¿x¿af6 l;lsPsf] lyof] / k|mfG;af6 pxf“n] sfNklgs ;dfhjfb k9\g'eof] . of] ;a} a'h'{jf lyof] . o;af6 Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg eof] / dfS;{jfb k}bf eof] . d tkfO{++nfO{ ;f]W5', ha dfS;{ ;fgf] x'g'x'GYof] s] pxf“n] slxNo} dfS;{sf /rgfx¿ k9\g'ePsf] lyof] <Æ

        æxfd|f] of] kf6L{ klg Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg xf] .Æ – æPp6f hfgsf/L a}7sdfÆ, dfr{ !(^$, 5flgPsf /rgf -c+u|]hL_ efu– ( k]= &$

$= o'4gLltaf/]

        æb'O{ j6f tl/sf 5g\– ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8 / d d]/f] tl/sfn] n8\g] 5' . kmf}hL ts{ h];'s} eP klg To;nfO{ oL b'O{ j6f jfSodf ;lhn};“u emfg{ ;lsG5 . ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8 eg]sf] s] xf] < p;n] d;+u n8\g vf]R5, t/ km]nf kfg{ ;Sb}g, To;/L aLr}df t'lxG5 . d d]/f] tl/sfn] n8\g] 5' eg]sf] s] xf] < xfdLn] s]xL ;}Go l8lehg / lj|u]8nfO{ s]lGb|t ub{5f}+ / p;nfO{ lgN5f}+ . =====Æ

        æ===== k|wfg s'/f] o'4 d}bfgdf tflnd lng' xf] . zflGtsfndf tflnd /ftdf ug'{k5{ . o'4sf] sfndf n8fO“ n8]/ l;Sg'k5{ . tkfO{++x¿n] d]/f /rgfx¿ k9]sf] s'/f ug'{ ePsf] xf]Og t < oL s'/fx¿ Tolt pko]fuL gxf]nfg\, t/ Toxf“ b'O{ j6f d'Vo k+lQm 5g\ M ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8 / d d]/f] tl/sfn] n8\g] 5' . d d]/f] tl/sfn] n8\g] 5' eGg] jfSonfO{ yk b'O{ j6f jfSodf af“8\g ;lsG5 M olb d}n] lhTg ;Sg] eP d n8\g] 5', olb d}n] lhTg ;lSbg“ eg] d efUg]5' . ;fd|fHojfbLx¿ of] tl/sfb]lv Hofb} 8/fp“5g\ . olb d}n] lhTg ;Sg] eP d}n] ltdLnfO{ lgNg]5', olb d}n] lhTg ;lSbg“ eg] d efUg'] 5' tfls ltdLn] dnfO{ km]nf kfg{ c;Dej x'g]5 . ;'?df, b'a} cfqmfds / /IffTds sfjF{xLx¿df xfdLn] z]s;“u n8\b} lyof}+, xfdL ;fgf n8fO“af6 7"nf n8fO“lt/ uof}+ / klg p;sf % nfv ;]gfnfO{ Wj:t kfg{ xfdLn] # nfv ;]gf k|of]u u¥of}+ . p;sf kf“r j6f cf}+nfnfO{ 6f]Sg xfdLn] tLg j6f cf}+nfx¿ k|of]u u¥of}+ . xfdL cNk;+Vofdf lyof}+, ta s;/L xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ vfg ;Sof}+ t < xfdLn] 6'qmf–6'qmf kf/]/ vfof}+ . kl/0ffd of] eof] ls xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ lgNof}+ .Æ

        –æltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8 / d d]/f] tl/sfn] n8\g]5'– lkmlnl:tgL d'lQm ;+u7gsf] k|ltlglwd08n;+u s'/fsfgLÆ, dfr{ !(^%, 5flgPsf /rgf -c+u|]hL_ efu– ( k]= @!$–!%

%= ¿k / ;f/af/]

        æla|6]g Pp6f /fhtGq xf] . s] p;sf] /fhf 5}g t < cd]l/sfdf /fi6«klt k|0ffnL 5 . ltgLx¿ b'a} a'h'{jfclwgfosTj x'gfn] Pp6} x'g\ . blIf0f leotgfdsf] s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf] /fi6«klt 5 / p;sf] l5d]sdf SofDaf]l8ofdf l;+xfg"ssf] /fhtGqfTds clw/fHo 5 . s'g rflx+ b]z a9L /fd|f] 5 t < dnfO{ l;+xfg's /fhf ePsf] sDaf]l8of s]xL a9L /fd|f] 5 . ef/tdf /fi6«klt k|0ffnL 5, p;sf] l5d]sL g]kfn Pp6f /fhtGqfTds d'n's xf] . s'g rflx+ b]z a9L /fd|f] 5 t < o:tf] k|tLt x'G5 ls ef/teGbf Tof] /fhtGqfTds d'n's -g]kfn_ s]xL a9L /fd|f] 5 . of] clxn]sf] pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/nfO{ x]/]/ xf] . k'/fgf] rLgdf tLj6f /fhf / kf“rj6f afbzfx lyP . rfp j+zdf pgLx¿nfO{ /fhf elgGYof] eg] rLg j+zdf afbzfx elgGYof] . === o;/L b]lvG5 ls gfp“x¿ -kbjLx¿_ af/Daf/ ablnPsf 5g\ . t/ xfdLn] b]Vg rfx]sf] s'/f] gfp“sf] kl/jt{g xf]Og, lsgls ;d:of gfp;“u xf]Og Jojxf/f;“u x'G5= ¿k;“u xf]Og, ;f/;“u x'G5 .Æ

        –æsd/]8 rfª r'g–lrofcf] / dfcf] a]g–o"cfg\;“u tLgj6f e]63f6df s'/fsfgLÆ km/j/L !(^& 5flgPsf /rgf -c+u|]hL_, efu–( k]=##)–#!

dfcf]jfbaf/]

        ju{;+3if{sf] P]ltxfl;s cg'ej / ljsf;sf qmddf cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/fju{sf] qmflGtsf] lj1fgsf ?kdf dfS;{jfbsf] cg';Gwfg eof] . cgj/tM ;+3if{ / dxfg\ k|ltefsf] kl/rosf ;fy sfn{ dfS;{åf/f pb\3fl6t dfS;{jfbL lj1fgsf] bz{g, /fhg}lts cy{zf:q Pj+ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb u/L tLg k|d'v c+u /x]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . :jo+ Pp6f lj1fg ePsfn] dfS;{jfbsf] lg/Gt/ ljsf; x'g' :jfefljs k|lqmof xf] . ju{;+3if{sf gof“ cg'ej / ;d:ofx?sf ;Gbe{df n]lggåf/f dfS;{jfbsf] lg/Gt/ ljsf; x'g' :jfefljs k|lqmof xf] . ju{;+3if{sf gof“ cg'ej / ;d:ofx?sf ;Gbe{df n]lggåf/f dfS;{jfbnfO{ To;sf] ;du|df ljsf;sf] bf];|f] n]lggjfbsf] r/0fdf k'¥ofpg] sfd eof] . cfh of] lj1fg ;+3if{s} qmddf ljsf;sf] t];|f], gof“ / pRr r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . of] t];|f], gof“ / pRrr/0f dfcf]T;]t'ªåf/f ljsf; ul/Psf] dfcf]jfbsf] r/0f xf] . o;/L cfh cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/fju{sf] xftdf Pp6f ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] l;+uf] ce]B OsfOsf ?kdf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb /x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbnfO{ cfhsf] ljZjsf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf ?kdf u|x0f gu/L sf]xL klg ;Rrf sDo'lg:6 aGg ;Qm}g . cfhsf] ljZjsf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb ePsf]n] g} ;+;f/e/sf k|ltlqmofjfbL Pj+ ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] dfcf]jfb Pj+ dfcf]jfbLx?dfly eLif0f xdnf ul//x]sf 5g\ . h;/L dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] :yfkgf sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?åf/f ;a}vfn] k|ltlqmofjfb, ;+zf]wgjfb / cj;/jfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf qmddf ePsf] xf] To;/L g} cfh dfcf]jfbsf] :yfkgf klg lgd{d ;+3if{s} aLraf6 eO/x]sf] 5 .

        xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?nfO{ cfhsf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf ?kdf u|x0f ug{] l:k|l/6 x'“bf klg tL of]ubfgx?nfO{ dfcf]ljrf/wf/f kbfjnLåf/f cleJoQm ug{] ul/Psf] 5 . ædfcf]ljrf/wf/f cfhsf] ljZjsf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb xf]Æ eg]/ ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf ?kdf dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ g} xfdLx? k|ltlqmofjfb / ;+zf]wgjfb;“u n8\b} cfPsf xf}+ . t/, s=dfcf]sf] d[To'kZrft\ rLgdf k'“hLjfbsf] k'g:yf{kgf eP/ cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb xfjL ePkl5 l:yltdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . cfh ;+zf]wgjfbL t]ªd08nLn] dfcf]ljrf/wf/f zAbsf] k|of]u u/]/ g} dfcf]sf qmflGtsf/L lzIffx?sf] cfTdfsf] xTof ul//x]sf] 5 . clxn] dfcf]ljrf/wf/f kbfjnLsf] k|of]u Psflt/ ;'wf/jfbLx?åf/f oL ljrf/wf/f zAbsf] jf:tljs tf}ncg';f/ kl/sNkgfsf] cy{df / csf{]lt/ sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?åf/f ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] cy{df x'g] u/]sf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtnfO{ cleJoQm ug{] tf}n;lxtsf] j}1flgs zAb æjfbÆ (Ism) x'“bfx'“b} e|dk"0f{ æljrf/wf/fÆ zAbsf] k|of]u ul//xg' blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbsf nflu 7fp“ 5f]8g'afx]s s]xL x'“b}g . To;sf/0f sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx? afx]s h;n] klxn]b]lv g} dfcf]ljrf/wf/fnfO{ cfhsf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf ?kdf u|x0f ub{} cfPsf 5g\, pgLx?n] ;xh / b[9tfk"j{s dfcf]jfb zAbsf] k|of]u ug{' h?/L 5 . rLgdf k|ltqmflGt ePkl5 dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?dfly eO/x]sf] blIf0fkGyL xdnfsf k[i7e"lddf s}of}+ lxhf]sf qmflGtsf/Lx? klg cft+lst eP/ ljrf/wf/f zAbsf] k|of]u dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?sf] cjd"Nog ug{], To;nfO{ dfS;{jfbsf] ljsf;sf] t];|f] r/0fsf ?kdf ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf ?kdf :jLsf/ gug{] cy{df ug{] sf]lz; eO/x]sf] 5 . oxL+g]/ ;d:ofsf] uf“7f] k/]sf] 5 . of] l:yltn] ubf{ sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?sf nflu emg} dfcf]jfbåf/f dfS;{jfbsf tLgj6} If]qdf ul/Psf ljsf;sf] JofVof / dfcf]jfb zAbsf] k|of]usf] ;}4flGts dxTj a9\g uPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f oxf“ sd/]8 dfcf]åf/f bz{g, /fhg}lts cy{zf:q Pj+ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf If]qdf ul/Psf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfgx? h;n] dfS;{jfbnfO{ gof“ r/0fdf k'¥ofPsf 5g\, ;f]af/] ;+lIfKt rrf{ ug{ cfjZos 5 .

-s_ bz{gsf] If]q

        !=åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] ;f/tTjsf ?kdf Pj+ k|s[lt, ;dfh / dfgjLo 1fgsf ;a} If]qdf åGåjfbsf] cfwf/e"t lgodsf ?kdf cGtlj{/f]wsf] lgodsf] pb\3f6g dfcf]åf/f ePsf] 5 . cGtlj{/f]wsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf / k|wfg cGtlj{/f]wsf] lgSof{}nsf] k4lt / dxTjsf] ljZn]if0fn] åGåjfbsf] ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf;nfO{ gof“ prfOdf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . qmflGtsf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt lgwf{/0fdf cGtlj{/f]wsf] cfwf/e"t lgodn] v]Ng] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf :jtM:ki6 5 .

        @=1fgsf] l;4fGtsf] If]qdf s=dfcf]n] ju{;+3if{, pTkfbgsf lgldQ ;+3if{ Pj+ j}1flgs k|of]unfO{ 1fgsf] ;|f]t atfP/ OGb|Lo u|fx\o 1fgaf6 a'l4;+ut 1fgdf k'Ug] k|lqmof ;DaGwdf tyf l;4fGt / Jojxf/sf] cfk;L ;DaGwaf/]df ug{' ePsf] ljZn]if0fn] dfS;{jfbL bz{gdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'u]sf] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 .

        #=;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf qmddf åGåjfbsf] k|wfg kIfsf ?kdf Ps b'Odf ljeflht x'G5 eGg] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ljzb JofVof / k|of]un] ;+zf]wgjfb;“u n8\gsf nflu qmflGtsf/Lx?sf xftdf Pp6f wfl/nf] xltof/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

        $= cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgfsf] cfk;L ;DaGwaf/] clwe"tjfbL / Psnsf“6] b[li6sf]0f ckgfO{ æpTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;sf] l;4fGtÆ / æcy{jfbÆlt/ hfg] ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] k'“hLjfbL ;f]rfOx?dfly k|xf/ ub{} vf; vf; cj:yfdf r]tgf / ;+/rgfsf] lg0ff{os e"ldsfsf] JofVofn] 5ßk'“hLjfbnfO{ gf¨f] kfg{] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

        %=bz{gfnO{ k':tsfno / bfz{lgsx?sf] cWoog sf]7faf6 lgsfn]/ cfd hgtf;Dd k'¥ofO{ Pp6f ch]o zlQmdf kl/0ft ug{'kg{] cfjZotf / To;sf] ljlwaf/] s=dfcf]n] ug{'ePsf] cg';Gwfg åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL bz{gnfO{ pGgt ?kn] ef}lts zlQmdf kl/0ft ug]{ cfwf/ ldn]sf] 5 .

-v_ /fhg}lts cy{zf:qsf] If]q

        != of] If]qdf gf]s/zfxL k'“hLjfbsf] rl/qsf] ljZn]if0f s= dfcf]sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ vf]hL xf] . ;fdGtjfb;“u ;f“7uf“7 u/L hgtfnfO{ n'6\g] Psflwsf/ k'“hLjfbsf] k|ltlglwsf ?kdf pTkLl8t /fi6«x?df gf]s/zfxL k'“hLjfbsf] ljz]iftfsf] /x:o pb\3f6g u/]/ Psflt/ gjcf}klgj]lzs cj:yfsf] ;fd|fHojfbsf] bfgjLo rl/qnfO{ g+Uofpg tyf pTkLl8t /fi6«x?df qmflGtsf] lgzfgf :ki6 ug{ d2t k'u]sf] 5 . gf]s/zfxL k'“hLjfbnfO{ Wj+; u/L pgLx?sf] ;DklQ sAhf u/]/ dfq pTkLl8t /fi6«x?af6 ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ nv]6\g tyf ;dfhjfbsf nflu hu xfNg ;Dej x'G5 eGg] lgisif{sf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj :ki6 5 .

        @= ;dfhjfbL sfnsf] cy{gLltsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGt -;f]leot ;+3sf cg'ejx?sf] cfnf]rgfTds cWoog;lxt_ sf] dha't hu a;fpg] sfddf s= dfcf]sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . gf]s/zfxL cfb]zåf/f xf]Og -;xL cy{gLltsf] Jofks k|rf/åf/f_ hgtfsf] kxnsbdLdf a[l4 u/]/ g} ;dfhjfbL cy{Joj:yfnfO{ dha't lsl;dn] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 egL æqmflGtnfO{ kqm, pTkfbg a9fpÆ (Grasp Revolution, Promote Production) tyf nfn / lgk"0f{ (Red & Expert) gf/fsf] qmflGtsf/L dxTj :ki6 g} 5 .

        #= gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtsf ;Gbe{df hldg hf]Tg]sf] cfwf/df ;fdGtjfbnfO{ Wj+; ug{], Psflwsf/ rl/qsf ;Dk"0f{ j}b]lzs Pj+ 3/]n' cfly{s lgudx?nfO{ sAhf ug{], hghLjgnfO{ lgoGq0f gug{] u/L JolQmut k'“hLnfO{ ;Lldt, lgolGqt / lgb{]lzt ug{] cy{gLltx?sf] j}1flgstf :jo+ hLjgåf/f k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf 5g\ .

        pk/f]Qm tYox?n] dfS;{jfbL /fhg}lts cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf dfcf]åf/f ul/Psf] ljsf; :ki6 x'G5 .

-u_ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] If]q

        != pTkLl8t /fi6«x?df gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtsf] ;du| cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf;df s=dfcf]sf] P]ltxfl;s of]ubfg ;a}sf cufl8 :ki6 5 .

        @= ;fd|fHojfbL o'usf] ju{;+3if{sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df dfS;{jfbL ;}Go lj1fgsf] pRr lzv/ hgo'4sf] l;4fGt (Theory of Peoples' War) sf] ljsf;n] cGt/f{li6«o ;j[xf/fju{nfO{ Pp6f zlQmzfnL xltof/n] n}; ug{] sfd u/]sf] 5 . of] l;4fGtcg';f/ zlQmzfnL b':dgnfO{ k/f:t ug{] j}1flgs ljlw :ki6 ePsf] …/fhg}lts ;Qf aGb'ssf] gfnaf6 lg:sG5Ú eGg] dfcf]sf] s]Gb|Ls[t egfOsf] dxTj klg :jo+ :ki6 5 .

        #= ;dfhjfbL sfnel/ ju{;+3if{ hf/L /xg] / To;;DaGwdf ;f]leot ;+3sf] k|ltqmflGtdfly Wofg lb+b} s=dfcf]åf/f ljsf; ul/Psf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTjcGtu{t qmflGtnfO{ hf/L /fVg] l;4fGt ;dfhjfbL cj:yfdf k'“hLjfbsf] k'g:yf{kgf /f]Hg] Pp6f dha't ;}4flGts xltof/ ePsf] . ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf rnfOPsf] t];|f] dxfg\ qmflGtsf ?kdf rLgsf] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;du| of]hgfsf] ;kmn k|of]u ljZj;j{xf/fju{sf nflu P]ltxfl;s bz{g lgb{]zg ag]sf] 5 .

        $= æ;fd|fHojfb / ;a}vfn] k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{ sfuhL af3 x'g\Æ tyf æcfp“bf %) b]lv !)) jif{ ljZj ch+usf x]/km]/af6 u'h|g] 5Æ eGg] egfOx?sf] c;fwf/0f dxTj /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ljZj;j{xf/fju{nfO{ qmflGtsf] /0fgLlt lgwf{/0fdf dxfg\ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ?;L ;+zf]wgjfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df dfcf] cfkm}n] ltgLx?sf] k|of]u ug{'ePsf] 5 .

        o;/L bz{g, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q Pj+ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf tLgj6} If]qsf] ;du|tfdf s=dfcf]n] dfS;{jfbL lj1fgnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kn] To;sf] gof“ r/0fdf ljsf; u/fpg' ePsf] 5 . Tof] cj:yfdf ;j{xf/fju{n] cfºgf] d'lQmsf] bz{gnfO{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] Pp6 l;+uf] xltof/sf] ?kdf k|fkt u/]sf] 5 .

        g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfb kbfjnLsf] k|of]usf] lj/f]wdf dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?sf] cjd"Nog ug{] sf]0faf6 klg ts{x? cfO/x]sf 5g\ h;sf] v08g gu/L cufl8 a9\g ;Dej 5}g . d'VotM tL lgDg 5g\M

        != …o'usf] l;4fGtÚ– sltko dflg;x?n] æjfbÆ x'gsf nflu Pp6f l;+uf] o'usf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 eGb5g\ . pgLx?sf egfOcg';f/ dfS;{jfb k'“hLjfbL o'usf] pkh xf] . n]lggjfb ;fd|fHojfbL o'usf] pkh xf] . t/ dfcf]sf] s'g} gof“ o'u 5}g, To;sf/0f dfcf]jfb x'g ;Qm}g cflb .

        o;k|sf/sf] ts{ ug{]x?n] g ;fdfGo lj1fgsf] lgod / ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ a'‰g ;s]sf 5g\ g dfS;{jfbnfO{ g} lj1fgsf ?kdf u|x0f u/]sf 5g\ . lj1fgsf] ljsf;nfO{ o'usf] ljsf;sf] ult;“u s}b ug{ vf]Hg' ;j{yf cj}1flgs / xf:of:kb s'/f xf] . Pp6} o'udf lj1fgn] s}of}+ r/0fdf ljsf; ug{ ;Sb5 . olb o'us} s'/f ug{] xf] eg] ;dfh ljsf;sf b[li6n] ;fd|fHojfb klg s'g} gof“ o'u geP/ k'“hLjfbs} pRrtd / d/0ff;Gg cj:yf dfq xf] . To;sf/0f n]lggjfb klg eGg' ePg / o;/L o'usf] ts{ t]:of{pg]x?sf] lbjfnLofkg :ki6 x'G5 .

        @=sltko dflg;x?n] dfcf]sf vf; s'g} df}lns vf]hx? 5}gg\ To;sf/0f dfcf]jfb zAbsf] k|of]u ug{' x'“b}g eGb5g\ . pgLx?sf] cg';f/ dfcf]n] eg]sf ;a} s'/fx? n]lggn] klxn] g} elg;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . ljrf/wf/f zAbsf] k|of]unfO{ ;dy{g ug{]x?n] g} o;k|sf/sf] ts{ ug{'n] emg\ l:ylt uDeL/ ag hfG5 .

        o;k|sf/sf] ts{ ug{]x?n] dfcf]ljrf/wf/fnfO{ klg kl/Tofu ug{] / blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfblt/ hfg] lbzf kS8]sf] s'/fdf z+sf 5}g . dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?af/] t dfly g} ;+lIfKt rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, oxf“ k|Zg p7\5 olb To;/L g} ts{ ug{] xf] eg] t n]lggn] klg gof“ ;Gbe{df dfS;{jfbsf] JofVof dfq u/]sf x'g\ lsg geGg] < o; lsl;dsf] ts{ ug{]x?n] km]l/ lsg dfcf]ljrf/wf/fnfO{ kyk|bz{s l;4fGtsf ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ < ;f]em} cy{ nfUb5– hgtfnfO{ e|d lbg dfq . olb To;f] geP of t dfcf]ljrf/wf/f zAbnfO{ kf6L{sf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGtsf ?kdf c:jLsf/ ug{'kg{] x'G5 of dfcf]sf of]ubfgx?sf] cjd"Nog ug{] sfd aGb ug{'kb{5 .

        #=sltko dflg;x?n] xtfl/P/ dfcf]jfb eGg' x'“b}g, olt 7"nf] ljifodf xfdLn] af]n]/ s;}n] ;'Gb}g / Tof] zAb :yflkt klg x'g ;Qm}g, km]l/ o;n] cgfjZos ljjfb dfq rs{G5 eGg]h:tf ts{x? klg u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; 9+usf] ts{ ug{] s}of}+sf] lgotdf Odfgbfl/tf eP klg :jo+ oL ts{x? dfS;{jfbL k4ltcg's"n 5}gg\ .

        oxf“ k|Zg ;xL / untsf] xf], xtfl/g] / gxtfl/g] xf]Og . To;k|sf/sf ts{ cGttM cgfjZos ;Demf}tflt/ 8f]¥ofpg] tyf e|dfnO{ sfod /fVg] sfd dfq ug{] ePsf]n] unt 5g\ . cGtdf, ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ pRr:t/df ;+rfng ug{ gof“ 9+usf] n8fs" sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] ljsf;sf] k|lqmofnfO{ t]h kfg{, qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{ / hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] sfdnfO{ gof“ ult k|bfg ug{ e|d0fk"0f{ dfcf]ljrf/wf/f zAb xf]Og, :ki6 j}1flgs zAb dfcf]jfbsf] k|of]u lgtfGt h?/L 5 .

-g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]hx?, efu–!df k|sflzt_

 d'Vok[i7 .. k'/fgf c+sx? .. ;Dks{ M janadesh@hotmail.com