l/kf]6{

o'4sf] /ºtf/df cl3 a9\b}5 zxLb–dfu{ lgdf{0f cleofg

uf]ljGb cfrfo{÷lbks ;fksf]6f, ltnfahf/, /f]Nkf

        cfºg} 6fpsf]dfly cfsfzdf ;}lgs x]lnsf]K6/ 7"N7"nf] cfjfh lgsfNb} kmgkmgL 3'd]/ glhs} hª\undf oqtq ad / uf]nL jiff{O/x]sf] 5, hgtfsf] ;'/Iff tyf d2tdf v6]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4f tyf :jod;]jsx?n] …se/Ú lng cfu|x ul//xsf 5g\ t/ pgLx?nfO{ To;sf] s'g} k|jfx 5}g . a? pgLx? hf]8tf]8n] l;7L km'Sb} cfºgf cf}hf/x? cem ultjfg agfO/x]sf 5g\ / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gfos …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| lj?4 gf/fx? 3Gsfp“b} 5g\ .

        kf7sx? of] b[Zo s'g} sfNklgs xf]Og . of] b[Zo oxL df3 # ut] /f]Nkfsf] u}/Lufp“df b]lvPsf] xf] . clxn] Toxf“ lbgx'“ h:t} o:tf] b[Zo b]lvG5 . ut d+l;/ % ut]b]lv dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf z'? ul/Psf] zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0f cleofgnfO{ ljyf]Ng] b'Zk|of; ul//x]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] zfxL ;]gfn] /f]Nkfsf] cfsfzdf hf;';L ljdfg 3'dfpg] tyf x]lnsf]K6/af6 …ad jfl8{ªÚ ug]{ sfd lbgx'“ hf/L /fv] klg hg;d'bfon] To;nfO{ nn\sfb}{ ce"tk"j{ 9+un] lgdf{0f cleofgdf ;fd]n eO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] klg b}lgs ?kdf & xhf/ hg;d'bfo pQm zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0fdf pT;fxhgs 9ª\un] ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ . o'4:t/df cl3 a9]sf] ;8s lgdf{0fsf] of] b[Zo b]Vbf rLgdf gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf] :yfkgf eO;s]kl5 cWoIf dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf hg;xeflutfdf ePsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf 7"N7"nf dxfcleofgx?sf] emNsf] lbG5 . xfn} OlGhlgo/x? / zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0f ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] u/]sf] ;e]{ l/kf]6{ cg';f/ ;8s lgdf{0fsf] #) k|ltzt sfd ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . /f]Nkfsf] g'jfufp“b]lv /f]Nkfs} yjfª / ?s'dsf] r'gjfª;Ddsf] s/La Ps ;o lsnf]ld6/sf] pQm ;8s dfu{ # jif{leq k"/f ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy sfd yflnPsf] lyof] . ut d+l;/ % ut] pb\3f6gkZrft\ Ps}k6s g'jfufp“, yjfª, r'gjfª, Ol/jfª / u}/Lufp“ u/L % 7fp“af6 df]6/ af6f] vGg] sfd z'? ul/of] . clxn];Dd dfcf]jfbL g]tf, sfo{stf{, hg;]gf, hg;Qfsf k|ltlglw tyf hg;d'bfo u/L # nfv hgzlQm pQm zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0f cleofgdf ;xefuL eO;s]sf] s'/f lgdf{0f ;ldltsf ;+of]hs /xg' ePsf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=k|zfGt atfpg' x'G5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ pQm ;8s lgdf{0f cleofgdf /fKtL c~rnsf kf“r j6} lhNnf / n'lDagL wjnflu/Lsf slknj:t', u'NdL, jfun'ª, c3f{vf“rL u/L !) lhNnfsf hg;d'bfo tyf dfcf]jfbL g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hg;]gf u/L !) nfv hgzlQm kl/rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 .

        pQm zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0f cleofgdf z'?b]lv g} dfcf]jfbLsf Ps xhf/ k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{x? lgoldt lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|zfGt ;+of]hs / If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o s=;"o{ ;x–;+of]hs /x]sf] !% ;b:oLo lgdf{0f ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] 5 . xfn lgdf{0f ;ldltsf ;a} kbflwsf/Lx? olt w]/} Jo:t 5g\ ls slxn] sf+xL+ t pgLx? vfgf vfg] ;d]t km";{b gkfP/ ef]s} a:5g\ . To:t} @& hgfsf] d"n Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ^)) hgf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?, #)) hgf :jod;]jsx?, @) hgf 8fS6/x?, $) hgf snfsf/, * hgf kqsf/x? pQm lgdf{0f sfo{df cxf]/fq vl6O/x]sf 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf Hofjnx? dd{t tyf lgdf{0fsf] nflu @% 7fp“df t cf/g ;~rfng ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L ;8s lgdf{0f l/kf]6{ l5gl5gdf ;Dk|]if0f ug{ cfw'lgs ;~rf/ pks/0fsf] ;d]t h8fg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

b]zsf] k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u eLif0f o'4 nl8/x]sf] cj:yfdf ljb|f]xL kIfn] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] olt 7"nf] of]hgfn] cfkm"nfO{ cfZro{rlst kf/]sf] s'/f ljb]zL bftf;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . xfn} o:t} Ps bftf;+:yfsf pRr k|ltlglwn] pQm ;8s lgdf{0f cleofg x]/]/ kms{g] qmddf dfcf]jfbL hg;Qfsf] b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/Laf]w Pj+ sfd ug]{ tl/sfaf6 cfkm" bª\ubf; k/]sf] s'/f hgfb]z;“usf] s'/fsfgLdf atfP . To:t} åGåsf] cj:yfdf ljb|f]xLx?af6 ePsf] olt 7"nf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf ;fob ljZjd} klxnf] x'g;Sg] s'/f o'/f]kaf6 ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cjnf]sg ug{ cfPsf kqsf/ hh{ :jLhn] hgfb]znfO{ atfP . pQm ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 a9]kl5 Ps bh{g eGbf a9L ljb]zL ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw / y'k|} kqsf/x?n] e|d0f u/L cfkm"x?;“u s'/fsfgL ul/;s]sf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=k|tfk jtfpg' x'G5 . dfcf]jfbL hg;Qfn] z'? u/]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] a[xb of]hgfsf sf/0f ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] gf/f kmnfSg] sltko 8n/jfbL cfOPglhcf] / :jo+ k'/fgf] ;Qf;d]t r/d ;+s6df k/]sf] a'lemG5 .

        gof“ ;Qfsf] kxndf cb\e"t ultdf cl3 al9/x]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf ljyf]Ng k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf If]qx?df lgif]wf1f hf/L ug{], x]lnsf]K6/af6 adafl8{ª ug]{ tyf ;8s lgdf{0fdf hfgaf6 hgtfnfO{ /f]Sg vf]Hg] h:tf s's[Tox? u/] klg cGttM pm ljkmn aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;8s lgdf{0f ljyf]Ng vf]Hg] sfo{n] k'/fgf] ;Qf ljsf; lgdf{0f lj/f]wLsf] ?kdf ljZje/ abgfd ag]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;Lldt pkl:ylt /x]sf ;b/d'sfd If]qsf hgtfx? ;d]t pT;fxk"j{s ?kdf ;8s lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ . ?s'dsf] ;bd'sfd d'l;sf]6af6 # lbgsf] ofqfkl5 ;8s lgdf{0f cleofgdf ;xefuL aGg cfOk'u]sf k]|dnfn uf}td eGb5g\– æzfxL ;]gfn] ;b/d'sfddf hgtfsf 3/ 3/df cfP/ af6f] lgdf{0fdf ghfg pbL{ u¥of], Toxf“ uPdf dfl/lbg] wDsL lbof], t/ xfdL To;sf] s'/} g;'g]/ oxf“ cfof}+ .Æ To:t} /f]Nkf ;b/d'sfd lnjfªaf6 cfPsL g}gsnL lj=s=n] klg cfkm"x?nfO{ ;8s lgdf{0fdf uPdf dfl/lbg] wDsL ;]gfn] lbPklg cfkm"x? dg{ ;d]t g8/fP/ af6f] vGg cfPsf] atfOg . To;}u/L ;Nofg bdfrf}/af6 cfPsf v8\ul;+x a'9fyf]sL eG5g\– æz'?df t xfdL s]xL 8/fPsf lyof}+, z'?df cfPsf] n6 !) lbg af6f] vg]/ kms]{kl5 t hgtfsf] pT;fxsf ;fy cfpg] nx/ g} rn]sf] 5 . tkfO{+n] b]lv xfNg' eof] lg afhf ahfp“b} cfPsf] of] n:s/ xfd|f] bdfrf}/ s} xf] . ;Nofgdf ;]gfn] /f]Sg g;s]kl5 s]6fs]6L / a'9fa'9LnfO{ dfq k7fcf] eg]5, xfdLn] To;sf] pN6f] u¥of}+ . oxf“ xfd|f] aufndf Ps hgf klg s]6fs]6L / a'9fa'9L 5}gg\ .Æ

o;}u/L bfªaf6 ;8s lgdf{0fdf >dbfg ug{ cfPsf sNn' rf}w/LnfO{ tkfO{+x?nfO{ hjh{:tL oxf“ NofPsf] xf] eg]/ ;f]Wbf pgn] dfcf]jfbLn] sf]xL s;}nfO{ hjh{:tL gu/]sf] atfp“b} cfjZos k5{ eg] cfkm"x? bz lbg dfq} xf]Og bz dlxgf klg sfd ug{ kl5 gkg]{ atfP . pgn] ca b]zsf] d'xf/ dfcf]jfbL afx]s s;}n] klg km]g{ g;Sg] atfp“b} …hjh{:tL af6f] vgfPsf]Ú eg]/ eGg]x? e|i6 / /fi6«3ftLx? dfq ePsf] atfP . To:t} ?s'dsf] r'gjfªsf jL/axfb'/ 3tL{n] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hgtfsf] nflu jf:tljs d'lQmbftf ePsf] atfP . pgn] k~rfotL sfndf @)$@ ;fnb]lv g} xf]n]/L–r'gjfª ;8s lgdf{0fsf] nflu eg]/ x/]s jif{ nfvf}+ ah]6 5'6\ofpg] / Tof] ;a} jh]6 k~rx? / ax'bnsf] cfudgkZrft\ sfª\u|];–Pdfn]–/fk|kfsf g]tfx?n] vfg] ub]{ cfPsf] atfp“b} k+r / ;+;bjfbLn] @) jif{df ug{ g;s]sf] sfd dfcf]jfbLn] # dlxgfd} u/]sf] jtfp5g\ . olt 7"nf] ljsf; of]hgf z'? u/]sf] # dlxgf gk'Ub} em08} cfwf sfd ;DkGg ul/;Sg' rdTsf/ g} ePsf] pgn] atfP . pgn] cfkm"x?nfO{ k~r / ax'bn] ;/sf/n] /f]Nkf, Ko'7fg, bfª / ;Nofgdf k6s–k6s >dbfg eGb} kfgL ;d]t vfg glbP/ hjh{:tL af6f] vGg nu]sf] t/ hgtfn] kfpg] kfl/>lds ;a} pgLx?n] vfPsf] atfP . clxn] hgtfsf] cfºg} hg;/sf/n] ug{ nfu]sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf cfkm"x? cfjZos k5{ eg] !)÷!@ lbg t s] Hofg} lbg tof/ x'g] pgLx? atfp“5g\ . ptf ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'gf;fy cfkm"x?n] k|ToIf nfe p7fpg yfn]sf] :yfgLo jfl;Gbf atfp“5g\ . 3tL{ufp“sL dg?kf 3tL{n] c? j]nf Ps ?k}ofsf] kfr bfgfsf b/n] lbbf klg gljs]/ ?v}df s'x]/ hfg] df};d o;k6s t Ps ?k}ofsf] Ps bfgfsf b/n] ljs]sf] jtfpl5g\ . To:t} /f]Nkfsf] xf]n]/L, bxjg, lqj]0fL, 3tL{ufp, jf3df/f, yjfª / ?s'dsf] r'gjfª;Ddsf xf]6]n Aoj;foL / k;n]x?n] o;k6s jf6f]sf sf/0f cfkm"x?sf] Joj;fo j9]sf] jtfP .

ljzfn hg;d'bfosf] kª\lQm pT;fxhgs 9ª\un] lgdf{0f cleofgdf ;xefuL eO/x“bf zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0f ;ldltsf ;x–;+of]hs s=;"o{ cfkm"x? ;d]t cToGt} pT;flxt ag]sf] atfpg' x'G5 . s=;"o{n] cfufdL zxLb ;Ktfx -kmfu'g !$–@!_ ;Dd ltnf ahf/ / r}q @$ ;Dd 3tL{ufp“df df]6/ k'¥ofpg] cfkm"x?sf] nIo ePsf] atfpg' eof] . clxn] g'jfufp“b]lv ltnf ahf/;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf cK7]/f] klx/f]df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps j6flnog -$%) hgf_ lgdf{0fdf v6]sf] 5 . df6f] dfq} /x]sf / ;lhnf 7fp“x?df dlxnf tyf a[4x? sfddf b]lvG5g\ . To:t} cGoq ljleGg lhNnfaf6 cfPsf hgtf lqmofzLn 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf axfb'/ of]4fx?n] 3g / l5gf]s} e/df 7"n7"nf r6\6fg / kx/fx? sf6]/ km/flsnf] af6f] agfPsf] b]Vg]x? Psk6s cfkm} lha|f] 6f]S5g\ . s'g} cfw'lgs ;fwg / ;|f]t tyf xf]n vf]Ng] d]l;g / 8f]h/x? ljgf g} vfnL xftsf e/df hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ b]Vbf hgtf g} Oltxf;sf jf:tljs lgdf{tf x'g\ eGg] tYo k'gM k|dfl0ft x'G5 . ptf r'gjfª / yjfª Pj+ Ol/jfª tkm{af6 ;~rfng ul/Psf] lgdf{0f sfo{ klg tL; k|lt;t eGbf a9L k"/f eO;s]sf] b]lvG5 .

zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] nflu hg>dsf cltl/Qm cfºgf] kf6L{n] Ps s/f]8 ?k}+of ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df @$ nfvsf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L vl/b Pj+ ^ nfv Joj:yfkg / cGo u/L #) nfv ?k}of vr{ eO;s]sf] s'/f lgdf{0f ;ldlt ;+of]hs k|zfGt atfpg' x'G5 . pxf“n] geO gx'g] 7fp“df dfq ljikmf]6s kbfy{sf] k|of]u ul/g] atfp“b} To;sf] nflu ^ nfv hlt vr{ nfUg] cg'dfg ug'{eof] . ;fy} xf]n vf]Ng] d]l;g / 8f]h/ ;d]t cfjZostf cg';f/ Nofpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] klg pxf“n] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . ;8s;“u e"uf]n hf]l8Psf hgtfn] !% lbg tyf cGoqsf hgtfn] !) lbgsf b/n] >d ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L klg s=k|zfGtn] lbg' eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf g]tf tyf ;Dk"0f{ k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{x?n] ;d]t …/f]6]zgÚ u/]/ kfn}kfnf] !) lbgsf b/n] af6f] vGg' kg]{5 . o;afx]s kf6L{sf ljleGg lhNnfaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{df ^ dlxgf;Ddsf nflu :jod;]jsx? ;d]t v6fOPsf 5g\ .

;8s lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL hg;d'bfo / kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu s] Joj:yf 5 eGg] hgfb]zsf] lh1fiffdf s=k|zfGtn] cfkm"x?n] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xefuL hgtfsf] ;'/Iffsf] k|ZgnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lj|u]8 cGtu{tsf ljleGg 6's8Lx? cxf]/fq hgtfsf] ;'/Iffdf vl6Psf] / cfjZos zlQm …d'eÚ u/fOPsf] atfpg' eof] . zxLbdfu{ lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xefuL hgtfsf lj?4 b'Zdg cfOnfu]df cfkm"x?n] ;z:q k|lt/f]w u/]/} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;kmn kfg]{ pxf“sf] egfO{ lyof] . hg;]gf / hgtfsf] ;'/Iff 3]/fleq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO/x]sfn] s'g} klg lsl;dn] cft+lst gaGg cfu|x ul/Psf] pxf“n] atfpg' eof] . olt 7"nf] af6f] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;l/s /x]bf s'g} b'3{6gfx? ePsf 5g\ ls eGg] lh1fiffdf pxf“n] clxn];Dd uDeL/ ?kdf 3fOt] x'g] u/L s'g} b'3{6gf ;d]t gePsf] k|i6 kfg'{ eof] . ;fdfGo 3fp rf]6 nfu]sf / cGo k|sf/sf lj/fdLx?sf] pkrf/sfnflu oy]i6 :jf:Yo kf]i6x?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

        dfcf]jfbL g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hgtfsf] ;xL 9+un] s]Gb+Ls/0f / kl/rfng u/L zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] ljzfn of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/g' g]kfnL hgqmflGtdf Ps P]ltxfl;s 36gf dfGg' kb{5 . pQm zxLb dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf hgtfsf] rfxgf / kf6L{sf ;jf]{Rr g]tf cWoIF k|r08sf] lgb]{zgdf z'? ePsf] s'/f du/ft :jfoQ hg;/sf/sf k|d'v ;Gtf]if a'9fdu/ atfpg' x'G5 . pxf“n] cfwf/ Onfsfdf lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof z'? eO;s]sf] atfp“b} clxn] hgtfn] u}tL, a]Nrf, 3g / sf]bfnf] af6} k|ltlqmofjfbL lj?4 eLif0f n8fO{ nl8/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . dfcf]jfbLsf kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o ;d]t /xg' ePsf a'9fsf] egfO lyof]– æzxLbdfu{ lgdf{0f ljrf/ / ju{ ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{ klg xf] .Æ

dWoklZrdsf wtL{–cfsfz u'~hfO/x]5

/]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] ljz]if If]qLo k|zf/0fn]

lbks ;fksf]6f, sfnfufp“, ;Nofg ––––––––––––

        ljxfgsf] ;ft aHg vf]Hb}5 . ;Nofgsf] of] ljs6 ufp“ / cf;kf;sf 7fp“nfO{ kftnf] s'lx/f]n] 9fs]sf] 5 . k';sf] hf8f]n] ;f/f j:tL g} s7flu|+Psf] 5 . s;}nfO{ cf]R5\ofg 5f]8\g] dg 5}g . t/ xfdL;“u /xg'ePsf sd/]8 k"0f{axfb'/nfO{ eg] emf]nfdf /x]sf] cfkm\gf] ;fgf] rLlgof …lrjf]Ú /]l8of] lgsfNg xtf/f] ePsf] 5 . jxf“ cfkm\gf] /]l8of]sf] PlG6gfdf a]l/Psf] tf/x? ldnfpg yfNg' ePsf] 5 . o:tf] xtf/f] ljxfg & ah]b]lv z'? x'g] /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn, ljz]if If]qLo k|zf/0f ;'Ggsf nflu xf] . 8]9 jif{ cufl8;Dd o:tf] xtf/f] …/]l8of] g]kfnÚsf] ljxfgsf] ;dfrf/ ;'GGsf nflu x'GYof] xf]nf . t/ cfh sd/]8 k"0f{axfb'/ h:t} xhf/f} >f]tfx?nfO{ /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] k|zf/0f ;'Ggsf nflu ljxfg / j]n'sL xtfl/Psf] b]Vg ;lsG5 .

o;/L g]kfnL wtL{cfsfz hgtfsf cfkm\g} ;dfrf/ / ;+uLtx?sf /]l8of] t/+un] u'~hfodfg x'g yfn]sf] 8]9 jif{ k'Ug cf“l6;Sof] . t/ pQm k|zf/0f ;'Gg] ef]s cem} d]l6Psf] 5}g, a? emg\ a9b}5, o;sf >f]tfx?df . em08} rf/ lbg;Dd ;“u} /x“bf x/]skN6 /]l8of] vf]Ng xtfl/g] k"0f{axfb'/ bfOnfO{ tkfO{nfO{ /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn ;'Gg ;w} lsg o:tf] xtf/f] ug'{x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Wbf cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] cfkm\g} /]l8of] ;'Gg slxNo} gk'Ug] atfpg'x'G5 . o;/L ljxfg & aHg'cl3 / j]n'sL ^ aHg] a]nfdf /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn ;'lgg] If]qdf dfcf]jfbL g]tf, sfo{stf{ / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ pQm /]l8of] ;'Gg] xtf/f] b]Vbf ;f] /]l8of] ;'Gg] ef]s cem} a9/ uPsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . oL /]l8of]sf >f]tfx? dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?, ufp“sf ;j{;fwf/0fx? t e}uP zx/ / ;b/d'sfdsf hgtfx? dfq xf]Og k'/fgf] ;Qfsf k|zf;sx?, sd{rf/Lx?, ;]gf tyf k|x/Lsf clws[t / hjfgx? /x]sf] ;dfrf/x? t ju]|NtL cfO/x]sf 5g\ g} . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;'/Iff c+un] t /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf ;a} k|zf/0fx? ;'Gg / Tof] /]s8{ u/]/ /fVg ;s{'n/ g} hf/L u/]sf] ;dfrf/ xfn} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . 

o;/L s]xL jif{cl3;Dd sNkgfsf] ljifo ePsf] /]l8of] k+|zf/0f s;/L ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5 t < w]/}nfO{ pT;'stfsf] ljifo x'g;S5 . /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn, ljz]if If]q OGrfh{ tyf ;Dkfbs ;lrg /f]sf eGg'x'G5– æljrf/, gLlt / sfo{qmd ;xL x'“bf;Dd x/]s ck"0f{tfx? k"0f{tfdf ablng] /x]5g\ .æ dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] PSsfO{:ff}+ ztfJbLsf] ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|of]u ug{ b]v]sf] ;kgfsf] k|ltkmn g} cfhsf] kl/0ffd xf] eGg] nfU5 /f]sfnfO{ . ;f“Rr} w]/}nfO{ o;/L ;kgf h:t} nfUg] of] s'/f jf:tljstf ePsf] 8]8 jif{ k'Ug nflu;s]sf] 5 . o;/L o'4/t cj:yfd} b]zsf kf“r 7fp“jf6 lgoldt?kdf /]l8of] k|zf/0f ug]{ ;+;f/s} klxnf] ljb|f]xL g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ x'g'k5{ .

hg;]gfsf] ;'/Iff 3]/fdf /x]/ k|zf/0f eO/x]sf] ljz]if If]qLo k|zf/0f s]Gb|df clxn] Joj:yfkg / ;'/Iff afx]s k|zf/0f o'lg6sf !) hgf /xg' ePsf] 5 . pQm k|zf/0f s]Gb|df /f]sfsf cltl/Qm /ljg IF]qL, u]dL /f]sf du/, c?0ff /fodfemL, lx/fnfn s]=;L=, /fh]z rf}w/L, zLnf 3tL{ du/, Pd=jL= du/, lszf]/ kGyL, ;'zLn clwsf/L, OGb' kxf8L x'g'x'G5 .

ljz]if If]qsf] ljxfgL ;]jfdf b}lgs sfo{qmdx? dfq k|zf/0f x'G5g\ . To;df g]kfnL, du/ftL vfd / yf? efiffdf ;dfrf/ /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] cnjf b}lgs ljrf/d"ns ;fdfu|L …;DkfbsLoÚ k|zf/0f x'G5 . a]n'sL ;]jfdf k|To]s lbg @ j6f ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd, @ k6s g]kfnL / ! k6s du/ftL vfd efiffdf ;dfrf/ k|zf/0f x'G5 . To;}u/L >f]tf ;xeflutfdf tof/ kfl/g] sfo{qmd …sf]z]nLÚ / …qmflGt ;Gb]zÚ b}lgs ?kdf k|zf/0f x'G5 . ;fKtflxs sfo{qmdx?df ;dfrf/d"ns sfo{qmd …;ftf ;Gbe{Ú  / cu|]hL efiffdf …Go'h ld//Ú k|zf/0f ul/G5 . To;}u/L lzIFf / ;Gb]zd"ns sfo{qmdx?df …cfwf ;+;f/, hg;]gf, hg;Qf, ;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL, ufp“3/sf s'/f, ;flxTo >[hgf, zxLb ufyf, ljljw dfnf, d]/f] ;Gb]z, cg'/f]w ;ª\uLt, dnfO{ o:tf] nfU5, ljrf/ d~r, du/ftL vfd efiffsf] sfo{qmd ;fx|f] ofd-cyf{t rlDsnf] af6f]_ nufotsf /x]sf 5g\ .

xfdL b'Zdgsf adjf/L;“u n'sfdf/L ub]{ /]l8of] k|zf/0f ul//x]sf 5f}+

;lrg /f]sf –OGrfh{÷;Dkfbs, /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn, ljz]if If]q

/]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] 8]9 jif{sf] k|zf/0fkl5 clxn] tkfO{+ s:tf] dxz'; ul//xg'ePsf] 5 <

;aeGbf klxnf] s'/f t /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] :yfkgf cfkm}df Pp6f gljgtd k|of]u xf] / s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd of] xfd|f] nflu sNkgfsf] ljifo dfq lyof] . t/ ljrf/, gLlt / sfo{qmd ;xL x'“bf;Dd x/]s ck"0f{tfx? k"0f{tfdf ablng] /x]5g\ . /, j}1fgls ljrf/n] x/]s ;kgfx?nfO{ ljkgfdf kl/0ft ug]{ x}l;ot /fVbf] /x]5 . PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] Onf]S6«f]lgs k|ljlwdf ePsf] ce"tk"j{ ljsf;nfO{ oxf“sf] qmflGtsf/L g]t[Tj kª\lQmn] a]n}df k|of]u ug]{ h'g ;kgf b]Vof], xf] To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j?k /]l8of] hgu0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . csf]{ s'/f of] PkmPd k|zf/0fsf] ;kgf l56f] b]Vg nufpg] gsf/fTds u'? t k'/fgf] ;Qf g} xf] . lsgsL hgfb]z nufotsf sl/a cfwf bh{g hgkIfLo klqsfx? dflysf] k|ltaGwn] g} olt l56f] ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWoddf xfd kmfNg] ;kgf b]vfPsf] xf] . /, cem} oxL k'/fgf] ;Qfn] Pkm=Pd k|zf/0fdf afwf pTkGg ug]{ k|oTg u5{ eg] Tof] ldl8od / ;6{j]e k|zf/0f eP/ hGdg] s'/f lglZrt 5 .

        csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ cg'e"lt t s] 5 eg] xfd|f] /]l8of] ;~rfngsf] eljio hgqmflGtsf] ;kmntf jf ljkmntf;“u hf]l8Psf] 5 . xfd|f k|zf/0f pks/0fx? klg zxLbx?sf] /utn] d'l5Psf 5g\ . xfd|f jfUn'ª ;Djfbbftf lj=lj lhPd / c3f{vf“rL ;Djfbbftf k|]dk|sfz rGbnfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfdf /Ifsx?n] uf]nL xfgL lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} xfd|f :6]zg k|ltlglw j;Gt zdf{ cfGtl/s b'3{6gfdf kl/ zxLb x'g'ePsf] 5 . cem} klg b'Zdgsf adjf/L;“u n'sfdf/L ub]{ /]l8of] k|zf/0f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ca k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;kmntf jf c;kmntfdf xfd|f] eljio lge{/ 5 . ;du|df 8]9 jif{sf] k|zf/0f ofqf ad af?bsf] w'“jfleq ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;j{xf/f qmflGtdf hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ Onf]S6f]«lgs ldl8of ;~rfng ug]{ P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/Lk|lt uj{ ul//x]sf 5f}+ . To;}u/L Onf]S6«f]lgs ;~rf/ dfWodsf] klxnf] ;~rfngstf{sf] x}l;otn] zf]lift–kLl8t hgtfk|ltsf] uDeL/ bfloTjaf]wn] lylrPsf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 .

/]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn :yfkgf x'“bfsf] l:ylt s:tf] lyof] <

z'?df t ;fdfGo ck/]l6ª tflndsf] cfwf/df /]l8of] pks/0fx? hf]l8of] . aH5 ls aHb}g eGg] s'g} Uof/]06L lyPg . rnfp“bf rnfp“b} /]l8of] alh xfNof] . /]l8of] ah]sf] ;'g]/ 7fp“–7fp“df kf6L{sf ;fyL / :yfgLo hgtfx? ;d]t v'zLn] gfr]sf] yfxf eof] . z'?–z'?df hgjfbL uLt ;ª\uLtaf6 kl/If0f k|zf/0f eof] . To;kl5 b}lgs ;dfrf/ / ;fdflos ;dLIff lbg yfNof}+ . xfd|f] k|zf/0f z'? x'g] ljlQs} kf6L{sf ljleGg lgsfox?n] ;d]t dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{qmdx? ;d]t /f]s]/ /]l8of] ;'Gg], k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;b/d'sfdx?df ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, ;]gf, k|x/Lx? ;a}sf] nfdf–nfdf tf/x? em'08\ofp“b} /]l8of] prfn]/ sf]xL 8f“8flt/ pSng] sf]xL 3/sf] 5t–5tdf r9\g] ug{ yfn] . ufp“–ufp“df PkmPd /]l8of]sf Jofkf/Lx? dfnfdfn eP . ufp“el/ PkmPd /]l8of]x?sf] hfnf] g} km}lnof] . xfdLn] ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmdx? a9fp“b} nu]kl5 zfxL ;]gfsf Jof/]sx?df hjfgx?nfO{ ;'Gg k|ltjGw nufof] . t/ xfd|f >f]tf ;+Vof u'0ffTds 9ª\un] a9\g yfNof] . o:t}–o:t} /x\of] k|f/lDes cj:yf .

/]l8of] k|zf/0fsf] of] cjlwdf s:tf–s:tf ;d:ofx? cfP t <

o; cjlwdf xfdLnfO{ cg'e"lt ePsf ;d:ofx?sf] s'/f ug'{kbf{ ljz]if u/L ef}lts ;d:ofx? g} k|d'v 5g\ . vf;u/L ;"rgf ;~rf/sf] cefj, sd;n k|ljlw, sfdsf] cTolws rfk cflb /x]sf 5g\ . !! hgfsf] l6dn] b}lgs # 306fsf] sfo{qmd tof/ ug'{ lgs} ufx|f] sfd /x]5 . To;}u/L cg'ejsf] sdL, aflx/af6 x'g] cfjZos ;xof]usf] sdL h:tf ;d:ofx? klg em]Ng' kl//x]sf] 5 .

cem ;a}eGbf k|d'v ef}lts ;d:of t o'4sfnLg rl/qsf] k|zf/0f g} xf] . ;'/Iff ;+j]bgzLntfsf sf/0f /]l8of] :6]zg g} emf]nfdf af]s]/ df]afOn 9ª\un] rnfOg' kbf{ s:tf] vfnsf] sl7gfO xf]nf Tof] tkfO{ cfkm}+ cg'ej ug{;Sg' x'G5 . t/ b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] lglDt sfd ug{ kfp“bfsf] uj{n] ;a} ;d:ofx? lrxfgdf k'l/lbPsf] 5 .

tkfO{+x?nfO{ >f]tfx?af6 s:tf–s:tf k|ltlqmofx? cfO/x]sf 5g\ <

xfd|f >f]tfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] u/]sf pT;fxhgs / ;'emfjd"ns k|ltlqmofx? xfd|f] k|zf/0fsf dxŒjk"0f{ k|]/0ff ;d]t x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L ljZj;gLo / tYok"0f{ ;dfrf/ ;fdfu|Lx?af6 cfkm"x? nfeflGjt ePsf] >f]tf k|ltlqmof kfp“bf Hofb} pT;flxt 5f}+ . /, xfdLn] o;nfO{ ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;kmntf klg 7fg]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] ;dfrf/af6 >f]tf dfq xf]Og cGo PkmPd /]l8of] / kqsf/x? ;d]t nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . o; cy{df x]bf{ xfd|f] :6]zg ;dfrf/ Ph]G;L h:tf] klg x'g uPsf] b]Vbf v'zL nfU5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm xfdLn] ckgfpg' kg]{ hgz}nL / cGo ;'wf{g' kg]{ s'/fx?sf] ;DaGwdf klg >f]tfx?af6 cd"No ;'emfjx? cfO/x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] xfdL Xbob]lv g} :jfut ub{5f}+ .

tkfO{+x? s;/L k|zf/0f ;~rfng ug'{x'G5 < xfd|f kf7sx?nfO{ /]l8of] s;/L rN5 eGg]af/] s]xL atfOlbg ldNnf <

k|zf/0f ;~rfngsf ;a} tl/sfx? atfpg t ;Dej gxf]nf . 5f]6f]df eGbf ljxfg $ jh]b]lv /ftL !! jh];Dd xfd|f b}lgs hLjgsf lgoldt sfo{x? rN5g\ . ljxfg / ;f“em k|zf/0fsf] nuQ} s]xL xNsf dxz'; x'G5 . To;sf] cfwf 306fkl5 g} sfdsf] rfk z'? x'G5 . lbgel/ sf]xL ;dfrf/df l6Kgdf Jo:t, sf]xL sfo{qmd /]sl8{ªdf Jo:t, x]nf]–xfO ug]{ km";{b klg gx'g] u/L ;fyLx? Jo:t /xg' x'G5, /xG5f}+ egf}+ . ;aeGbf xtf/f] t ;dfrf/ zfvfdf x'G5 . :6'l8of] sIFdf Jo:t /x]sf x'G5f}+ . lbp;f] @ jh];Dd ;dfrf/sf] kmfOn k|foM vfnL x'G5 . @ jh] kl5 rf/}lt/af6 kmf]g / lr7Lkqx? cf]Ol/g yfN5g\ . ltgLx? …l/l;eÚ ug]{, n]Vg] / ;Dkfbg ug]{ xtf/f]sf] qmd z'? x'G5 .

/]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn cGtu{tsf k|zf/0fx? eO/x]sf ljleGg Pkm=Pd :6]zgx?sf aLrdf ;dGjo x'g] u5{ ls ub}{g < x'g] eP lt s;/L / s:tf s'/fdf x'G5g\ <

/]l8of] hgu0ftGqsf % j6} :6]zgx?;“u lgoldt ;DaGw / ;dGjo x'g] u/]sf] 5 . vf;u/L ;dfrf/ / ;Dj]bgzLn ljifox?df ;dGjosf] cfjZostf x'G5 . jfUdtL–gf/fo0fLsf] If]qLo :6]zg;“u a/fa/ ;Dks{ / ;xsfo{ eO/xG5 vf;u/L k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /fhwfgL / gof“ hg;Qfsf] /fhwfgL aLrsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjosf] ?kdf . o;afx]s ca ;dfrf/x? / cGo sfo{qmdx?df w'gx? nufotsf Ps?ktf Nofpg] kxn eO/x]sf] 5 .

        o;/L u/]sf] b'Mv / kl/>dsf] kmn s:tf] 5 t < slt If]qkmndf ;'lgG5 t ;f] ljz]if If]qsf] k|zf/0f tyf slt hlt hgtfn] ;'Gnfg\ t ;f] /]l8of] k|zf/0f ;]jf < ;a}nfO{ lh1f;f x'g;S5 . ljz]if If]qsf] k|zf/0fn] sdj]zL dfqfdf !$–!% lhNnfx? k|efljt kf/]sf] ;Dkfbs /f]sf hfgsf/L u/fpg'x'G5 . jxf“sf cg';f/ j]zL k|efljt If]q eg]sf cfwf/ If]qsf lhNnfx? ;Nofg, /f]Nkf / ?s'd 5g\ . To;sf] cnfjf hfh/sf]6, ;'v]{t, b}n]v, c5fd, af“s], alb{of, bfª, Ko'7fg, u'NdL, c3f{vf“rL, jfUn'ª, kfNkf / ef/tsf] uf]08f zx/;Dd klg ;'lgg] u/]sf] k|ltlqmof jxf“x?n] kfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;/L hg;+Vofsf] lx;fjn] Go"gtd % nfv lgoldt >f]tf / ck|ToIf ?kn] !%–@) nfv >f]tf k|efljt /x]sf] cf};t cg'dfg klg /f]sfsf] /x]sf] 5 . cGo IF]qsf hgtfsf] k|zf/0f ;'Gg kfpg'kg]{ dfu eO/xs]f a]nf k|zf/0f Ifdtf a9fpg], sfo{qmddf u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug]{ / k|zf/0f ;do a9fpg]af/] s]–s:tf of]hgfx? /x]sf] 5g\ eGg] lh1f;fdf k|zf/0f Ifdtf, ;do / u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug]{ af/]df kxn eO/xsf], yk pks/0f / l/n] 6f«G;ld6/x? /fv]/ k|zf/0fsf] If]q a9fpg ;lsg] / To:t} hgzlQm, tflnd / k|fljlws ;'wf/ u/L ;do / :t/ a9fpg ;lsg] pHofnf ;Defjgfx? b]vf k/]sf] klg ;Dkfbs /f]sf hfgsf/L u/fpg'x'G5 .

ljz]if k|zf/0fsf csf{ sfo{qmd ;~rfns /ljg If]qLnfO{ cfkm\gf] k|zf/0fsf >f]tfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] u/]sf ;'emfjd"ns / cGo k|ltlqmofx? dxŒjk"0f{ / k|]/0ffk|b klg nfU5g\ . jxf“ cfkm"nfO{ >f]tfx?af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx?af6 sfo{qmdx? lgdf{0f ug{, To;sf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{ d2t ldn]sf] t/ To;sf] ;fk]Iftfdf cfkm\gf sd/]8x?af6 ;fdfu|Lx? / k|ltlqmof eg]hlt k|fKt gePsf]df gdHhf nfUf]sf] atfpg'x'G5 .  

)^) ;fn ebf} @# ut] jf;' :d[ltsf] lbgaf6 hg/]l8of]sf] gfdaf6 k|zf/0f ePsf kf“rj6} /]l8of]x?sf] gfd kl5 )^) sflt{s @! ut] cS6'j/ qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] dGtJo dfkm{t pb\3f6g eP/ /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn /xg uPsf] xf] . xfn /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn cGtu{t ;]tL–dxfsfnL, ljz]if-/fKtL–wf}nflu/L_, e]/L–s0ff{nL, jfUdtL–gf/fo0fL, hgsk'/–;u/dfyf u/L kf“rj6f If]qLo k|zf/0fx? /x]sf 5g\ . clxn] /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf k|zf/0fx? ;a}sf nflu ljz]if cfsif{0f jg]sf 5g\ . clxn] lo /]l8of]df dfcf]jfbLåf/f /flvPsf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?, hg;]gfsf ljleGg sfjf{xLsf] oyfy{, dfcf]jfbLsf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?, gof“ ;Qfsf ljljw ultljlw tyf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf vj/x? yfxf kfpgsf nflu dfq ge} y'k|} /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o vj/, lzIff / hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd Pj+ hguLt÷hg;+uLt ;'Ggsf nflu pkof]uL ePsf] 5 .