ljrf/
hut
hg;d'bfo,
JolQmx? / g]t[Tj
ls/0f
dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0fdf
hg;d'bfo, JolQmx? / g]tfx? ;a}sf] e"ldsf x'G5 . k/Gt' o;df hg;d'bfos}
lg0ff{os e"ldsf x'G5 . JolQmx? hg;d'bfo s} OsfO{ x'g\ / g]tfx?sf] hGdbftf
klg hg;d'bfo g} x'g\ . To;}n] dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{tf hg;d'bfo g} x'g\ .
p;f] eP k|Zg p7\5 s] hg;d'bfon],
cyjf JolQmx?n] :jtGq OR5fsf cfwf/df Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ug{
;St5g\ < o;sf] hjfkm 5– ;St}gg\ lsgls Oltxf; lgod zfl;t 5, ha dflg;n]
Oltxf;sf lgod a'em\g ;s]sf x'“b}gg\ , Tof] a]nf klg pgLx?n] tL lgod cg'?k g}
Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf x'G5g\ . ha pgLx? tL lgod a'em\g ;kmn x'G5g\ , Tof] a]nf
pgLx?n] ;r]t 9+un] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . clkt' Tof] a]nf klg pgLx? tL
lgodnfO{ gf3]/ s]xL ug{ ;St}gg\ . 7Ls To;}sf/0f xfdLn] Oltxf;df hg;d'bfo, JolQmx?
/ g]tfx?n] v]Ng] e"ldsfdfly Wofglbg h?/L x'G5 .
hg;d'bfo Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf x'g\
. lsgls pgLx? cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] pTkfbg / k'g?Tkfbg :jo+ ub{5g\ . pgLx? ;fdflhs–
cfly{s cj:yfdf cfa4 /x]sf x'G5g\ . pTkfbg k4ltdf pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;+aGw
x'G5g\ . pTkfbg ;+aGw eg]sf] dflg;sf] k|s[lt
/ dflg;sf] tyf dflg;x?aLrsf] cfk;L ;+aGw xf] . pTkfbs zlQm cGtu{t dfgjLo >d,
>dsf ljifo / cf}hf/ cfp“5g\ ltgdf dfgjLo >dsf] e"ldsf k|wfg /
lg0ff{os x'g] ub{5 . o;/L dfgjLo >d–zlQmsf] k|wfg / lg0ff{os e"ldsf
x'g' s} sf/0f Oltxf;sf] lgdf{tf hg;d'bfo, >dhLjL hg;d'bfo g} x'g k'Ub5 . t/
oxf“g]/ Wofglbg of]Uo s'/f s] 5 eg] dfgj ;d'bfo jf s'g} klg JolQm, ;dfh
ljz]ifsf] ?k r'Gg' :jtGq 5}g, lsgls ;dfhsf] ?k dfG5]x?sf] :jtGq OR5fdf g e}
pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] l:ylt / ljsf;df cfwfl/t /x]sf] x'G5 . xfdL o;}nfO{ cfly{s kl/l:ylt;“u
cfa4 P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf eGb5f}+ . dfS;{sf] egfOdf– ;dfh dflg;x?sf] cGof]Go
lqmofsf] kmn xf], cjZo} xf], t/ pm ;dfhsf] rfx] h:tf] ?k r'Ggsf nflu :jtGq 5}g,
dfgj cfkm\gf pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] :jfwLg rog stf{ aGg ;St}g, lsgls k|To]s pTkfbs
zlQm cflh{t zlQm x'G5 . To;}n] dfS;{ eGg'x'G5– æcfpg] jfnf lk+9L
cfkm"eGbf klxn]sf] lk+9Låf/f clh{t tL pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] cfkm"nfO{
cflwsf/L kfp“5, h'g p;sf nflu gofF pTkfbgsf sRrf dfnsf] sfd ub{5g\ , dfgj
Oltxf;df tf/tDotf k}bf x'G5g . dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f Ps x'G5 . ctM
clgjfo{tM s] lgisif{ lg:sG5 eg] dfG5]sf] ;fdflhs Oltxf; pgLx?sf] JolQmut ljsf;sf]
Oltxf; afx]s c? s]xL xf]Og, en} pgLx?nfO{ o; s'/fsf] r]tgf xf];\ of g xf];\ .
pgLx?sf] ef}lts ;+aGw pgLx?sf] ;+k"0f{ ;+aGwx?sf] cfwf/ xf] . oL ef}lts ;+aGw
tL cfjZos ?k dfq x'g\ h;df pgLx?sf ef}lts / JolQmut sfo{snfk rl/tfy{ x'G5g\ .Æ!
dfS;{jfbL /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf] 7Ls o;} sf/0f s] dfGotf /x]sf]
5 eg] o; k|sf/sf] Oltxf; lj1fg– k"“hLjfbL cy{zf:qL / Oltxf;sf/x?sf] h:t}
j:t'x?sf] ;+aGwsf] xf]Og dfgj ;+aGw / To;sf] ljsf; k|lqmofsf] cWoognfO{ cfkm\gf]
ljifoj:t' agfpg] ub{5 .
hgtfn] cfkm\gf] Oltxf;sf]
lgdf{0f s;/L ub{5g\ . g]tfx? s;/L k}bf x'G5g\, dflg;sf :jtGq OR5f / cfly{s kl/l:yltaLr
s] ;+aGw 5 < oL k|Zgx?sf] hafkm– cfjZostf / cfsl:dstfsf] lgoddfly Wofglb+b}–P+u]N;
o;/L lbg'x'G5– ædg'io cfkm\gf] Oltxf;sf] /rgf :jo+ ub{5g\ , k/Gt' clxn];Dd
pgLx? o:tf] ;fd"lxs ;+sNksf ;fy, ;fd"lxs of]hgf cg';f/ ug{ ;St}gg\ ,
oxf“;Dd ls Ps lglZrt, kl/;Lldt ;dfh ljz]ifdf klg ug{ ;St}gg\ . pgsf cfsf+Iffx?
Ps csf{;“u 6Ss/fp“5g\ , / o; sf/0f o:sf] k|To]s ;dfh cfjZostfåf/f zfl;t
x'G5, h;sf] k"/s tyf k|tLodfg ?k cfsl:dstf x'G5 . oxf“ h'g cfjZostf ;d:t
cfsl:dstfx?dfly xfjL x'G5, Tof] cGttM cfly{s cfjZostf g} x'G5 . / oxL tyfslyt
dxfk'?ifx?sf] rrf{ cfjZos x'g hfG5 . of] s'/f ls b]z ljz]ifdf, sfn ljz]ifdf cd's
JolQm k|s6 x'G5 / csf]{ xf]Og, lgM;Gb]x cfsl:dstf xf] . t/ To;nfO{ cun ul/lbg'xf];\
clg To;sf] 7fp“df csf{sf] dfu x'G5 / Tof] bf];|f] JolQm kfOG5– Tof] c;n xf];\
/ v/fj, t/ cGtdf kSs} kfOG5 . g]kf]lnog g}, 7Ls Tof] sf]l;{sf lgjf;L g} Tof]
kmf}hL tfgfzfx aGof], h;sf] cljef{jnfO{ cfkm\g} n8fO{+x?af6 ylst hh{/ k|mG;L;L hgtGqn]
cfjZos agfOlbPsf] lyof], of] cfsl:dstfsf] s'/f lyof], k/Gt' olb Pp6f g]kf]lnog
x'“b}gYof] eg] To; cefjsf] k"lt{ csf]{ g]kf]lnogn] uYof]{, o;sf] k|df0f
s] xf] eg] h'g JolQmsf] cfjZostf k}bf eof] Tof] kfOof] klg, h:t} ;Lh/, cfu:6;,
qmfda]n, cflb . olb dfS;{n] Oltxf;sf] ef}ltsjfbL cjwf/0ffsf] vf]h ug'{ eof] eg]
To]/L{, ldGg], uLhf] / !*%) ;Dd ;a} c+u|]h Oltxf;sf/ s'g s'/fsf k|df0f x'g eg]
o; cjwf/0ffsf] vf]h x'g] jfnf lyof] / df}u{gåf/f o;} cjwf/0ffsf] vf]haf6 s'g
s'/f ;flat eof] eg] To;sf] ;do cfPsf] lyof] / To;sf] vf]h x'g} kb{Yof] .æ@
P+u]N;sf oL egfOaf6 b'O{ s'/f
:ki6 x'G5g\M klxnf], Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf hgtf x'g\, t/ ltgn] cfkm\gf] OR5f cg';f/
xf]Og ;dfhsf] cfly{s cfjZostfg';f/ Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . bf];|f], g]tfx?sf]
hGd Oltxf;sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ x'G5, t/ cd's JolQm g]tf aGg] s'/f cfsl:dstfdf
cfwfl/t x'G5 .
dfG5]sf dgdf cfpg] cglulGt
OR5f–cfsf+Iffx?, nIox? / k|of]hgx?sf k|]/szlQmx? hLjgsf ef}lts–cfly{s
cfjZostf;“u cfa4 /x]sf x'G5g\ / ltgdf b]vfkg]{ 6Ss/x?, åGbx?, cGtlj{/f]wx? ;+alGwt
;dfhsf cfly{s kl/l:ylt / ju{;+3if{df cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . 7Ls o;}sf/0f dfS;{jfbn]
dfG5]sf cglulGt OR5f, cfsf+Iff / k|]/0ffx?nfO{ tyf ltgnfO{ k|]l/t ug]{ k|]/szlQmx?nfO{
hLjgsf] ef}lts cfjZostf / ju{;+3if{sf cfwf/df 7Dofpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . cflbd
ju{ljxLg ;dfhdf j}olQms OR5f / k|]/0ffx?sf] Ps ;fd"lxs dWodfgsf] sfd hLjgsf]
ef}lts cfjZostfn] ub{Yof] eg] ju{ ;dfhdf hLjgsf] To; k|sf/sf] ef}lts cfjZostfdf
cfwfl/t ju{;+3if{sf] lgodn] ub{5 . 7Ls To;} sf/0f dfgj hfltsf] Oltxf;sf] rfns
zlQmsf ?kdf–pTkfbs zlQm / pTkfbg ;+aGw, cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgfaLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w /
log} cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] cleJolQmsf ?kdf ju{ ;dfhdf ju{;+3if{nfO{ dfS;{jfbsf] Oltxf;
lj1fgn] c+uLsf/ ug{ k'u]sf] 5 .
oBlk P+u]N;sf] egfO cg';f/,
clxn];Dd dfG5]n] ;fd"lxs of]hgf, ;+sNk / ;r]t k|oTgåf/f of]hgfa4 ?kdf
Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\, k/Gt' ha pgLx?n] Oltxf; lj1fgsf lgodx?nfO{ ;dfhsf]
cfly{s cfjZostfnfO{ /fd|f];“u a'em\g ;St5g\ Tof] a]nf pgLx? ;r]t / of]hgfa4
9+un] cfkm\gf] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;St5g\ . 7Ls oxL+g]/ cfjZostf / :jtGqtfsf]
lgodn] sfd ub{5 . h:tf] ls P+u]N; eGg'x'G5– æha ;dfhn] pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?dfly
clwsf/ k|fKt ub{5, Tof] a]nf dfnx?sf] pTkfbg ;dfKt x'G5 / To;sf] ;fy;fy}
pTkfbgug]{x? dfly pTkfbgsf] k|e'Tj klg ;dfKt x'G5 . ;fdflhs pTkfbgdf c/fhstfsf]
7fp“ of]hgfa4, ;r]tg ;+u7gn] u|x0f ub{5 . ====clxn];Dd dfG5]sf] cfkm\gf] ;fdflhs
;+u7gn] k|s[lt / Oltxf;åf/f yf]kl/Psf] Ps clgjfo{ cfjZostfsf] ?kdf dfG5]sf] lj/f]w
ub{Yof] . ca Tof] :jo+ dg'iosf] :jtGq sfo{sf] kl/0ffd aGb5 .====oxL Tof] ljGb'
xf], h;eGbf cufl8 dflg;n] k"0f{ r]tgfsf ;fy -cflwsflws r]tg 9+un]_ cfkm\gf]
Oltxf;sf] :jo+ lgdf{0f ug]{ 5 . oxL Tof] ljGb' clxn];Dd h'g afx\o j:t'hut zlQmx?
Oltxf;dfly zf;g ub}{ cfPsf lyP, tL ca :jo+ dg'iosf] lgoGq0fdf cfp“b5g\ .
h;eGbf cufl8 dfG5]n] ha s'g} s]xL ;fdflhs sf/0fx?nfO{ ultdfg agfpg] 5, To;a]nf
To;sf d'VotM / lg/Gt/ a9\b} uPsf] dfqfdf clek|]t kl/0ffd x'g] 5g\ . of] dg'iosf]
cfjZostfsf] hutaf6 :jtGqtfsf] hutdf 5nf+u x'g]5 .Æ#
Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0fdf hg;d'bfo,
JolQmx? / g]tfx?sf] e"ldsfsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZostf / cfsl:dstf, cfjZostf / :jtGqtf
aLrsf] åGbfTds ;+aGw jf:tjdf oxL g} xf] . o; ;Gbe{df hg;d'bfo / g]t[TjaLrsf] ;+aGwnfO{
klg 7Ls 9+un] a'em\g h?/L 5 .
n]lgg eGg'x'G5– ævfl/Psf /
k|ltefzfnL g]tfx?, h;nfO{ cfkm\gf sfdsf] k"/} k|lzIff ldn]sf] xf];\ , h'g
nfdf] ;do;Dd cg'ej k|fKt ul/;s]sf xf]pmg / h'g
k"0f{ ;xof]u P+j tfnd]nsf ;fy sfd ug]{ xf]pmg, sf cefjdf cfw'lgs ;dfhdf s'g}
klg ju{n] b[9tfsf ;fy ;+3if{ ug{ ;St}g .Æ$ g]tf eg]sf] s] xf] /
To;sf] hg;d'bfo;“u s] ;+aGw 5 < n]lgg eGg'x'G5– æcfd ?kdf / clwst/ :yfgx?df,
sd;] sd cfw'lgs ;Eo b]zx?df ju{x?sf] g]t[Tj /fhgLlts kf6L{x? ub{5g\ , /fhgLlts
kf6L{x?sf] ;+rfng k|foM ltgsf ;a}eGbf clwsdfGo, k|efjzfnL / cg'ejL ;b:ox?sf
sda]zL :yfoL ;d"x ub{5g\ , h:nfO{ kf6L{sf] ;a}eGbf lhDd]jf/ kbx?df r'lgG5 /
h'g g]tf elgG5 .Æ%
n]lggsf oL egfOaf6 qmflGtsf
nflu g]t[Tj clgjfo{ ?kn] cfjZos x'g] / g]tfx? ju{ ljz]if jf hg;d'bfoaf6 hlGdg]
tyf ltgLx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf cg'ejL tyf cflwsfl/s ;b:o x'g\
eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 .
g]tfx?
k|ltufdL / qmflGtsf/L b'j} ju{sf x'G5g\ . tL ;xL / unt b'j} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .
hxf“;Dd sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf g]tfx?sf] l:yltsf] k|Zg xf] To;df cj;/jfbL tyf
qmflGtsf/L b'j} 9+usf g]tfx? x'G5g\ . qmflGtsf/Lx?n] cj;/jfbL g]tfx?sf] lj/f]w
tyf e08fkmf]/ / qmflGtsf/L g]tfx?sf] ;Ddfg tyf :yfkgf ug'{ h?/L x'G5 .
l6kf]6x?M
!–
df=P= ;+slnt /rgfP“, v08–!, efu–@, k[= @*% .
@–
pQm, v08–#, efu–@, k[= $@$ .
#–
8\o'xl/+u dtv08g, k[= $%! .
$–
n]lgg ;+slnt /rgfP“, v08–@, k[= !&) .
%–
pQm, v08–(, k[= @&$ .