ljif]z
cGtjf{tf{
cj l56\6} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g] s'/fdf xfdL
ljZj:t 5f}+
s[i0faxfb'/
dx/f, k|jQmf–g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
df3
!( ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffnfO{ oxf“x?sf] kf6L{n] s;/L lnPsf] 5 < of] 36gf
tkfO{x?sf nflu cfsl:ds jf ck|Tofl;t s] lyof] <
df3
!( ut]sf] tyfslyt 3f]if0ff g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtflj?4 ul/Psf] if8\oGq xf] . of]
if8oGq s'g} gf}nf], cfsl:ds / ck|Tofl;t xf] eGg] xfdLn] 7fg]sf 5}gf}+ . ;fd|fHojfbL
zlQmsf] cf8df …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| tyf zfxL ;]gfsf pRrkb:y lu/f]xn] g]kfn / g]kfnL
hgtfsf lj?4 w]/} klxn]b]lv ljz]if u/]/ s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv ub}{
cfPsf] if8\oGqsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] kl5Nnf] s8L of] 36gf klg xf] . 1fg]Gb| lu/f]xsf]
of] ;Dejt clGtd if8\oGq xf] . hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] gh/af6 of] 36gfnfO{ x]bf{
1fg]Gb|sf] of] sbdn] hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] pTsif{tfnfO{ g} k|dfl0t ul//x]sf] 5 . cfºgf]
d[To'k"j{ b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmsf] cf8 e/f];fdf cfºgf] Ifl0fs
cfo' nDAofpg] if8\oGq afx]s c? s'g} cy{ o;af6 nfUb}g .
!(
ut]sf] zfxL sbdn] tkfO{+x?n] z'? u/]sf] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ c;/ kf/]sf]
5 ls 5}g <
o; 36gfn] xfd|f] of]hgf j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL lyof] eGg] dfq} k|dfl0ft ePsf]
5 . hgo'4sf] lg/Gt/ ljsf;n] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ lj36gsf] ;+3f/df k'¥ofPsf] s'/f ;a}sf
cufl8 5n{ª\u 5 . df3 !( sf] 36gf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] clGtd if8\oGq xf] eGg] s'/f
dfly g} elgof] . o; 36gfn] xfd|f] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L
9ª\un] ;DkGg ug{ gsf/fTds ?kn] k|]l/t u/]sf] xfdLn] dxz'; u/]sf 5f}+ .
o;
;Gbe{df ca k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf s;/L cufl8 a9\5 t < cGo ;ª\3if{sf eflj ?k/]vf
s:tf] x'g]5 <
df3 !( ut]sf] 36gfkl5 l:yltdf gof“kg cfPsf] lglZrt} 5 . lqkIfLo ;ª\3if{sf]
?k ca b'O{kIFLo ;ª\3if{sf ?kdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . …/fhfÚsf] k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;fdfGo
;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?, gful/s ;dfh / hgtfsf] cGo tKsfx? …/fhfÚ
1fg]Gb|sf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf lj?4 gof“ ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{df ;fd]n x'g] l:ylt k}bf
ePsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx? / xfd|f] kf6L{aLr ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf]
j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df d xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ut s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
j}7sn] to u/]sf] k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf cem} k|efjsf/L agfp“b}, cem 1fg]Gb|
u'6sf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf lj/f]wL ;a} zlQmx?;“u ;+o'Qm df]rf{ / ;+o'Qm ;ª\3if{sf]
sfo{qmd to u/L cl3 a9fOg] 5 . o;sf nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ;Dej ;j}
zlQmx?;“u gof“ cfwf/df ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 .
o:tf]
;xsfo{sf nflu tfTsflns sfo{gLlt s] x'g ;S5 <
s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv g} gof“ /fhg}lts l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{
xfdLn] k/Dk/fut /fhtGqsf] cGTo ePsf] / u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; u/f}+ eGg]
sfo{g}lts gf/f cufl8 ;f/]sf lyof}+ . To; nuQ} pQm nIonfO{ Pp6f k|hftflGqs k4lt
;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t km};nf ug]{ /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ xfdLn] /fVb} cfof}+ . …/fhfÚ
1fg]Gb|sf] lg/Gt/ if8\oGqsf/L sbdx?nfO{ a'em]/ /fhg}lts bnx?;“u ;xsfo{sf]
k|:tfj /fVb} / s]xL xb;Dd ub]{ klg cfof}+ . /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cfTdut l:ylt tyf
sltko c:k6tfnfO{ ;d]t JofVof ub]{ xfdLn] ut jif{b]lv g} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /fhg}lts
sfo{gLlt / To; k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] s'/fnfO{ lnO cfPsf 5f}+ . cfh
of] /fhg}lts sfo{gLlt ;a}sf] nflu 5n{ª\u x'g] u/L j:t'ut oyfy{tf / cfjZostf
eO;s]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . xfdL oxL /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] cfwf/df ;a}
zlQmx?;“u ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] k|:tfj /fVb5f}+ . oxL /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ cfh ;a}sf]
;femf gf/f agfpg' kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
t/
/fhfÚ sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf kIfdf jsfnt ul//x]sf s]xL JolQmx?n] )!& ;fndf /fhfsf]
sbdsf] lj/f]w ug]{x?nfO{ bdg u/]/} #) jif{;Dd k~rfotL Joj:yf l6sfP em}+ clxn]
klg k]n]/} /fhfsf] sbd cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 eGb}5g lg <
xfdL clxn] )!& ;fndf xf]Og, )^! ;fndf 5f}+ . )^! ;fnsf] l:ylt eg]sf]
;"rgf k|ljlw gof“ 7fp“df 5, hgtfsf] r]tgf:t/ cem dfly 5 / ;a}eGbf
7"nf] s'/f] eg]sf] t ljut ( jif{b]lv z'? ePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4 s]Gb|Lo ;Qf
sJhfsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] o'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf p7]sf]
clxn]sf] l:yltdf bdgaf6 kmf;Ljfb nfb\g vf]Hg' eGbf 7"nf] d"v{tf c?
s]xL x'g] 5}g .
ptf cfh ljZjd} klg /fhg}lts w|'jLs/0f tLa| alg/x]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfb ;ª\s6df
km:b} 5 / qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? alnof] aGb}5g\ . of] l:yltdf )!& ;fndf em}+ k]n]/}
kmf;LjfbL sbd cl3 a9fpg vf]Hg' cfºg} cfo' 5f]6\ofpg' dfq xf] .
gof“
kl/l:yltn] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj tkfO{+x?n] ug'{kg]{ cleef/f ;'lDkPsf] 5
. o;sf nflu tkfO{+x?sf] cfTdut l:ylt s:tf] 5 <
o;sf nflu xfdL cfh dfq xf]Og s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv g} tof/ ePsf]
s'/f ;a}sf cufl8 :ki6} 5 . /fhg}lts bnx?s} cfTdut Ifdtfsf] cefjsf] sf/0f of] ;Dej
ePg . cfh t xfdL k|Tofqmd0fsf] :t/df p7]sf zlQmsf x}l;otn] o;sf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;Ifd
dfq xf]Og tof/ klg 5f}+ . lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 hfg ;a} zlQmx? cfhsf] l:yltdf
ca tof/ x'g]5g\ eGg] xfdLn] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+ .
…/fhfÚ
1fg]Gb|sf] sbd pgsf] cfºg} ;fx;n] u/]sf x'g jf o;sf k5fl8 s'g} zlQmn] ;fy lbPsf]
5 < tkfO{+x?nfO{ s] nfU5 <
…/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|n] cfºg} ;fx;n] dfq of] sbd rfn]sf] xf] eGg] s'/fdf
xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g . g]kfnsf s'g} klg k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx? :jtGq?kdf cfTdlge{/
eP/ cfºgf] ljj]s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf g/x]sf] Oltxf;sf 36gfqmdn] k'li6 ub]{
cfPsf 5g\ . s;}n] k|hftGqsf] gfd lnP/, s;}n] /fi6«jfbsf] gfd lnP/ s'g} g s'g} /fhg}lts
36gfqmdx?df x:tIf]k ug]{ u/]sf Oltxf;x? ;fIfL 5g\ . …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|n] g]kfndf
;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf] r'Tyf] gf]s/sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] klg k|i6} 5 . df3
!( sf] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] sbdnfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf s;}n] ;dy{g gu/] klg o; k5fl8 s'g} g
s'g} ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmsf] cf8 e/f];f /x]sf] s'/f cg'dfg ug{ s'g} sl7gfO{ 5}g .
of] 36gf ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf] …u|f08 l8hfOgÚ df ;DkGg ePsf] xf] eGg] a'em\g'
kb{5 .
ef/tLo
;~rf/dfWod, /fhg}lts zlQm / a'l4hLjLx?n] …/fhfÚ sf] sbdsf] ;Vt lj/f]w u/]sf]
b]lvof] < s] ca ef/t;“usf] tkfO{+sf] gLltdf kl/jt{g cfpg] ;Defjgf 5 <
ef/tLo ldl8of jf s]xL /fhg}lts zlQmx?n] ul//x]sf] …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/ª\s'z
sbdsf] lj/f]wnfO{ xfdL ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} lnG5f}+ . t/ ef/tLo ;Qfsf] lj/f]wsf] ?kdf
of] s'/f a'‰g cem} s]xL ;do kv{g h?/L 5 . ef/tLo ;Qfsf] lj:tf/jfbL rl/qsf] af/]df
xfd|f] ;}4flGts a'emfOdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . ;fdGtjfbL / ;a}vfn] ;fd|fHojfbL
zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfnnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ p2]Zodf cfwfl/t xfd|f]
hgo'4k|lt ef/tLo zfifsx?sf] /j}ofdf g} pgLx?nfO{ x]g]{ a'‰g] ;jfn to x'g] s'/f
xf] . df3 !( ut]sf] …/fhfÚsf] sbdsf] ef/tLo ;Qfsf] cGto{df /x]sf] lgotnfO{
xfdL uDeL/tfk"j{s / ;'Id 9ª\un] cWoog ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
g]kfnsf]
36gfqmdnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o hgdtn] s;/L x]l//x]sf] 7fGg'x'G5 <
g]kfnsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o hutn] lgs} rf;f]sf ;fy x]l//x]sf] 5 .
of] 36gfkl5 cGt/fli6«o hgdt klg b'O{ w'|jdf ljeflht x'g] k|foM lglZrt 5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf]
u'?of]hgfdf cfPsf] of] 36gf pgLx?sf] ;Lldt :jfy{sf nflu ljleGg ?kdf x:tIf]k ug]{
vt/f k|jn 5 . lsgsL g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ hlt b'Zrqmdf km;fpg ;lsG5 pgLx?sf] :jfy{
l;4 x'g] pgLx?sf] rfn :ki6 5 . t/ ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L Pj+ hgtGqk|]dL ljZjs}
hg;d'bfon] df3 !( sf] b':;fx;sf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{nfO{ s'g} g s'g} ?kdf
bl/nf] ;dy{g ul/g} /xg]5g\ .
tkfO{+n]
/fhg}lts w|jLs/0fsf] s'/f ug'{ eof] t/ Pdfn] g]tf emngfy vgfnn] u0ftGq jf s'g}
klg tGqsf s'/f clxn] gu/f}+ eGg' eof] . cGo bnsf g]tfx? klg af]n]sf 5}gg\ .
o;af6 u0ftGqsf] nIodf w|"jLs/0f ;Dej 5 t <
df3 !(sf] …/fhfÚ sf] 3f]if0ffkl5 ca lg/ª\s'z /fhtGq ls nf]stflGqs
u0ftGq eGg] b'O{ /fhg}lts w|'j k|i6tM cufl8 cfO;s]sf] 5 . of] k|i6 b'O{ wf/nfO{
ga'‰g' jf a'em]/ klg a'em krfpg] sfdn] /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ emg} ktg dfq}
u/fpg] 5 . cfºg} y'k}| sfo{stf{x? lxhf] g} u0ftGqsf] kIfdf plePsf] ;Gbe{ /
cfhsf] j:t'ut w/ftndf ca s'g} klg ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfx?n] cfºgf] l:ylt k|i6 kfg{
l9nfO{ ug'{ b]z / hgtfsf nflu ljZjf;3ft dfq} xf] .
s]
kf6L{x?;“u tkfO{+x?sf] ;Dks{ / ;xsfo{ ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5 <
tTsfn ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g . t/ s]xL kf6L{x?;“u ;Dks{ ePsf] 5 / ;sf/fTds
kxn klg z'? ePsf] 5 . af“sL kf6L{x?;“u s]Gb|Lo / :yfgLo b'a} :t/af6 l56} ;xsfo{
x'g] ;Defjgf klg a9]sf] 5 .
kf6L{
g]tfx? gh/aGbdf 5g\, sfo{stf{x? wdfwd lu/ºtf/L kb]{ 5g\ < :jtGq ldl8of
k|ltjGw 5, ;ª\s6sfnn] zx/ / ;b/d'sfd ql;t 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf zx/ / ;b/d'sfdsf
/fhg}lts sfo{stf{ / j'l4hLjLx?, ;~rf/sdL{ Pj+ hg;d'bfonfO{ s] ;'emfa lbg' x'G5
<
hgo'4sf] tLa|td ljsf;qmdn] k'/fgf] ;Qf zx/ / ;b/d'sfddf dfq} v'Drg k'u]sf]
l:yltdf lg/ª\s'ztGqsf] kmf}hL bdg / tyfslyt ;ª\s6sfnåf/f lklN;g k'u]sf ;a} /fhg}lts
bnsf sfo{stf{, g]tfx?, jf}l4s ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/sdL{x?, ;~rf/;+:yfx?,
dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\3–;+:yf / JolQmTjx? Pj+ xfd|f z'elrGts hg;d'bfosf] ca cfºg}
;'/Iffsf] ;jfn d'l:sndf k/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfdL jxf“x? ;a}nfO{ xfd|f] gof“
;Qf ;~rfng eO/x]sf u|fdL0f If]qdf cfpg cfu|x ub{5f}+ . jxf“x?sf] jf:tljs ;'/Iff
/ ;Ddfg ca gof“ ;Qf cGtu{t dfq ;Dej 5 . xfdL jxf“x?sf] /fhg}lts :jtGqtf, ;'/Iff
/ ;Ddfgsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5f}+ . To;}u/L PkmPd /]l8of], kqklqsf nufot ;a}
k|sf/sf ;~rf/;fwgx?nfO{ xfd|f] hg;Qfleq cfP/ lgoldt ;~rfng ug{ xfdL cfJxfg
ub{5f}+ .
o;f]
ug{ OR5's jxf“x?n] s]xL zt{ k"/f ug'{ k5{ / <
olta]nf lg/ª\s'z …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| / p;sf] e/f}6] ;]gf / To;nfO{ ;xof]u
/ ;fy lbg] s'g} klg zlQmsf] lj/f]wdf pleg' kb{5 . lg/ª\s'ztf lj?4sf] ;ª\3if{sf]
;dy{g ug'{ kb{5 . af“sL cGo cfºgf] cf:yf cg';f/sf] :jtGqtf sfod x'g ;S5 . ;Rrf
b]zeQm, k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf nflu xfd|f] hg;Qfleq cfpg s'g} lxlRsrfpg' kg]{
cfjZostf 5}g . cfTd;dk{0fjfbL tTjx?, /fi6«lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL tTjx?sf] xsdf
xfd|f] s'g} klg ;Ddfg x'g] 5}g .
k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] ;}lgs k|jQmfn] tkfO{+x?nfO{ cK7\of/f] kfg{ ;~rf/;Dks{ ljR5]b u/fPsf]
atfPsf 5g\, s] o;af6 tkfO{+x?nfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 <
p;n]
;~rf/ ;Dks{ ljR5]b u/fP/ xfdLnfO{ xf]Og ;Lldt zx/x?df v'Drg k'u]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf
:jodnfO{ g} c;/ k'lu/x]sf] 5 . clxn] klg tkfO{+n] b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 xfd|f]
kf6L{sf] x]8Sjf6{/, sdf08 sfof{no, If]qLo sfof{nob]lv lhNnf lhNnf;Dd / hgd'lQm
;]gfsf k|To]s OsfOx?;“u xfd|f] lgoldt ;Dks{ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f ;~rf/ ;'rf? 5g\
. xfd|f] kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt % j6} /]l8of]x?df ;dofjlw a9fP/ lgoldt k|;f/0fx? eO/x]sf]
5 . kqklqsf, cgnfOg nufotsf ;a} vfnsf k|rf/ / k|sfzgx? ;'rf? 5g\ .
ca
/fhg}lts eljio s] x'G5 t <
…/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lu/f]xn] h'g b':;fx; u¥of] ToxL p;sf] ktgsf] sf/0f
x'g]5 . p;n] cfºgf] d[To'sf] 306L cfkm} ahfPsf] 5 . lg/ª\s'tfsf] cGTo c;Dej
5}g . cjZo+efjL 5 . lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqjfbL zlQmx? / nf]stflqs u0ftGqjfbLx? aLrsf]
eLif0f 6s/fj ;fd'Gg] cfPsf] 5 . ;Rrf b]zeQm, k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf] sfwdf lg/ª\s'z
/fhtGqsf lj?4 Pp6f 7'n} ;ª\3if{sf] cf“wL a]x/L ;[li6 ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj Oltxf;n]
lbPsf] 5 . pQm ;ª\3if{sf] g]t[Tj ug{ / To;df ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/
/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] cj l56\6} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t
5f}+ .
jftf{sf]
s'g} ;Defjgf 5 <
…/fhfÚsf] tyfslyt 3f]if0ff kqn] jftf{sf] 9f]sf k'/} aGb ul/lbPsf] 5 .
3f]if0ffkqn] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] xf]Og o'4sf] 9f]sf dfq} vf]n]sf] xfdLn] dxz';
u/]sf 5f}+ .
s]
eof] eg] jftf{ x'g ;S5 <
klxn] 1fg]Gb|n] cfºgf] 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ lng' k5{ / ;Dk"0f{ zlQm ljgf
;t{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg tof/ x'g] l:yltdf jftf{ ;Dej x'g;Sb5 . t/ of] ;Defjgf
k"/} 36]/ uPsf] 5 .
of]
l:yltdf zflGtk"0f{ ?kn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ s'g} ;Defjgf b]Vg' x'G5 <
lemgf] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf nflu …/fhfÚsf] ;]gf zfxL ;]gfn] cfºgf]
;Dk"0f{ xltof/ hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ a'emfpg' kb{5 . /, Tof] k'/fgf] ;]gf lj36g
ug'{kb{5 tyf /fhfn] :j]lR5s ?kdf …/fhu2LÚ kl/Tofu ug{ tof/ x'g' kb{5 / dfq}
Tof] ;Defjgf x'g ;S5 .
cGTodf
hgo'4sf] bzf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf s]xL eGg' 5 ls <
oxL kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv xfd|f] hgo'4 gf}+ jif{ k"/f u/]/ bz jif{df
k|j]z ub}{5 . ?; / rLgsf] k|ltqmflGt / k]?sf] hgo'4df ePsf] uDeL/ wSsfkl5 xfdLn]
g]kfndf cfh eGbf gf}+ jif{ cl3 h'g sfdsf] yfngL u¥of}, Tof] Oltxf;df dxfg\
sfdsf] yfngL lyof] . cfh xfd|f] hgo'4n] g]kfndf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhfsf] clGtd /
lg0ff{os o'4sf] cEof;sf] :t/df k'u]/ P]ltxfl;s sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] 5 . olt dfq
xf]Og hgo'4 /fli6«o ;Ldf gf3]/ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ljZjqmflGtsf nflu ;+;f/sf ;j{xf/f
ju{ Pj+ qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfosf nflu gof“ phf{ Pj+ k|]/0ffsf] cfwf/zLnf klg
ag]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ePsf] dxfg\ o'4sf] g]t[Tj ug{] bfloTj xfd|f] kf6L{n]
kfp“bf xfdLnfO{ uf}/jtfsf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 .
o; cj;/df xfdL ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfo, dxfg\ zxLbsf kl/jf/x?,
;]gf / df]rf{sf ;Dk"0f{ kª\lQmx? Pj+ ljZje/sf xfd|f z'elrGtsx?df xflb{s
clejfbg ug{ rfxG5f}+ .